Ukugaya i-Gram kuyinkqubo ye-microbiological ehlukanisa amabhaktheriya ngokusekelwe kwesakhiwo somzimba nesimo samakhemikhali esingaphandle. Lokhu kwenziwa kuphela nge-slide, i-microscope, namacaysi. Le nqubo isetshenziselwa ukutholakala kanye nokuhlonza amabhaktheriya kokubili ocwaningweni nasezikhwalithini zemitholampilo.
I-Gram-Positive ne-Gram-Negative
Ama-bacterium ahlukaniswa ngokungafani ngezinhlobo ezimbili, i-gram-positive ne-gram-negative.
- Ama-bacteria ama-gram ane-layer encane eyakhiwa ngama-polymers ama-molecule alamaprotheni ashukela okuthiwa i-peptidoglycan. Uhlaka lwegrafu lendwangu ye-peptidoglycan (okuyinto udonga lwamaseli) ngamakhemikhali okuthiwa i-crystal violet akhiqiza umbala obomvu we-bacteria enhle. Ukwengezwa kwe-acetone noma utshwala kudonsa ama-bacteria, okwenza ukuba ugcine umbala obomvu.
- Ama-bacterium angenayo amagrafu anesibambiso esingeziwe esingaphandle lapho izici ziphikisa i-acetone / udoti-dehydration futhi zenze ukulahlekelwa kwebala le-crystal violet. I-counterstain, eyakhiwa i-fuchsin, idonsa la mabhaktheriya abomvu noma obomvu.
Ukuhlolwa kuhilela ukubuka amabhaktheriya ku-slide ngaphansi kwe-microscope. Ama-bacteria angabonwa ngaphansi kwe-microscope uma ekhonjisiwe. Lawa ma-bacteria angaqoqwa kuma-sampuli - njengamanzi, i-sputa, negazi. Lawa amasampuli asetshenziselwa ukubona ukuthi amabhaktheriya ayingxenye ethile yomzimba. Izifo zivame ukuhlala endaweni eyodwa yomzimba - njenge-vesipha, amaphaphu, noma ngisho namathambo, i-gallbladder, isikhumba.
Ezinye izifo zenziwa kabanzi futhi zisakazeka kulo lonke igazi.
Lawo mabhaktheriya atshani obomvu ayigugu ngokwanele; labo abathinta ama-pinkish banesigameko esibi. Kuyindlela elula yokwazi ulwazi olubalulekile. Lisitshela ukuthi yiluphi uhlaka lwangaphandle lokuzivikela amabhaktheriya analo. Lokhu kusiza odokotela ukuthi banqume ukuthi yimiphi imithi elwa namagciwane okufanele bayisebenzise nokuthi yiziphi amabhaktheriya okusola ukutheleleka - njengoba amanye amabhaktheriya kulindeleke ukuba aziphathe ngendlela ehlukile kunezinye.
Amanye amabhaktheriya anesigamu esihle, njengoStaph Aureus (kufaka phakathi i- MRSA ) ne- Strep bacteria. Amanye amabhaktheriya agcwele igamenti - njengeSalmonella, Shigella , nezinye ezinye izinhlobo zegciwane . (I-genus of) amabhaktheriya abangela i- gonorrhea kanye nesimo esesabekayo se-bacterial meningitis, i-Meninogococcus, isigamu esingalungile. Amanye amabhaktheriya awafaneki kahle nesimo segrimu, kodwa ayasiza ezinhlobonhlobo zamabhaktheriya.
Izinhlobo zezifo zingase zibangelwa izigameko ezingalungile noma amagremu, kepha kungenzeka ukuthi zibangelwa uhlobo olulodwa noma olunye. I-pneumonia ingabangelwa noma yikuphi, kepha abaningi bahlushwa amagciwane okwelapha okubangelwa ama-strep bacteria. Izifo Zama-Urinary Tract zivame ukubangelwa izifo ezingalungile. Kunezinye izinhlobo eziningi zokutheleleka ezingase zibe nomgogodla omuhle noma igamenti elibi.
Ukwazi ukuthi uhlobo olungaziwa lwamabhaktheriya lugaxekile noma luhle lungasiza ekuboneni amabhaktheriya. Odokotela bavame ukuqagela ukuthi yiziphi izifo ogulayo onesifo. Ngokuvamile kufanele baphathe ngendlela efanele, njengoba sisho, ngaphandle kokwazi ngokuqondile ukuthi yini ebangela ukutheleleka nokuthi iyiphi imithi elwa namagciwane ehamba phambili. Ukwazi isimo se-stain gram kusiza.
Ama-bacteria ahlukene aphendukela kuma-antibiotic ahlukene.
I-Gram positive kanye ne-gram ebhaktheriya engalungile ikakhulu isabela ngokuhlukile emithini elwa namagciwane. Ukwazi ukuthi ama-bacteria ayigugu noma i-pos ingasiza ekunqumeni ukuthi yimaphi ama-antibiotic ayosebenza kakhulu.
Ukugaya i-Gram kungenziwa kuma laboratories ngaphandle kwezinsiza eziningi. Kudinga ukumane i-microscope, amaslayidi, amabala, nomuntu owazi ukwenza indlela yokugaya.