Uma kutholakala okungaqondakali kahle, Wonke umuntu uhamba
Abantu abaningi abayizithulu esizukulwaneni sami - kodwa hhayi bonke - basinda ekufeni okwakuyochitha noma yiliphi ithuba abazobe benalo ngokuphila okuvamile. Okungukuthi, asizange sibhekwe kabi njengalahlekelwa. Sekuyisikhathi eside, kuze kube yi-1970, abantu ngezinye izikhathi abayizithulu babengazi ukuthi bahlehliswa ngokwengqondo, nemiphumela emibi. Laba bantu abayizithulu bakhulile bakhulela ezikhungweni - izindlu zabagulayo noma abagula ngengqondo - ngaphandle kokuthola ulimi. Ngesikhathi bezitholakala ukuthi bezithulu kuphela, bengalahleki, bekuvame ukuphuza kakhulu ukuba bahlenge okushiwo empilweni yabo. Yonke imali eyatholwa ezinkantolo ayikwazanga ukubuyisela izingane ezilahlekile noma ukuzinikeza amakhono olimi adingekayo ukuze aphile emphakathini.Lokhu kwenzeke ngoba izingane ezincane eziyizithulu zazivame ukuhlinzeka ngezivivinyo zobuhlakani ezingafaneleki ukuhlola izingane eziyizithulu kanye nangenxa yokungazi lutho ngokungazithulu. Lokhu kwakuvame ukubhekiswe ezincwadini ezisezindlini ezingenasithulu, njengezincwadi zikaHarlan Lane (1984).
Amacala abikiwe kwizindaba zezindaba
Lezi zibonelo zezindaba zephephandaba ezibika kubantu abangazizwa kahle abayizithulu zitholakale:- Icala likaMattie Hoge - UMattie Hoge wayengowesifazane oyisithulu owahlukumezeka kabi ngo-1929 noma ngo-1930, futhi wabekwa esikhungweni saseHlathini eHaven for the delayed for 57 years until it was discovered. I-Hoge yayingakahloliswanga ngokufanele futhi leyo yimbangela yokungazi kahle. Kubikwa eWashington Post ngo- September 14, 1985, ngezindaba zokulandelela ngoFebhuwari 6, 1988, ikhasi b.04.
- Icala lendoda eNew York - Ngo-1984, izwe laseNew York lalahlekelwa icala elibhekene nomuntu oyisithulu owachitha iminyaka ecishe ibe yishumi emakhaya ngenxa yokulahlwa. INew York kwakudingeka ikhokhele le ndoda izigidi ezimbalwa zamaRandi. Icala libikwe eNew York Times , ngoJanuwari 14, 1982, ikhasi B2.
- Elinye icala laseNew York - uJoseph McNulty, owazalwa ekuqaleni kweminyaka engu-60 ubudala, akazange ahlonishwe njengalahlekelwa ngo-1966.
- EBoston, eMassachusetts, ngo-1964, indoda eyimpumputhe, uJoseph del Signore, yatholwa ohlelweni lwezokwelapha. Leli cala labikwa eWashington Post / Times Herald , ngo-December 18, 1964, ikhasi A1.
- E-Tulsa, Oklahoma, umfana oyisithulu, oneminyaka engu-17 ubudala, watholakala ngemuva kweminyaka engu-12 esikoleni sokulibala, ngo-1965. Leli cala labikwa eWashington Post / Times Herald , ngo-December 20, 1965, ikhasi A1.
- I- Beacon Journal (Akron, Ohio) ibike ngoMeyi 30, 2002 ngomuntu oneminyaka engu-48 ubudala oyisithulu owayesezithulu owachitha iminyaka eyishumi nesishiyagalombili yokuphila kwakhe ekhaya ngenxa yokuthi abahlengikazi abalahlekile babeluleka abazali bakhe ukuba baqondise ingane yabo.
Amabhuku Ngezenzo Zokuhlukunyezwa Kwegazi
Okungenani oyedwa oyisithulu oyisithulu wabhala incwadi mayelana nayo. Le ncwadi engabhalwanga manje eyanyatheliswa nguGallaudet University Press ngingu- 87 #: Ukuhlukunyezwa Kwesifazane Esingazizwayo, Ukufakwa Kwemfundo Nokuhlukunyezwa (ASIN 1563680920), ngu-Anne Bolander no-Adair Renning. UBolander akazange ahlolwe njengengane eminyakeni yama-1960 futhi wachitha iminyaka eyisithupha waze wayeneminyaka engu-12 ubudala esikoleni esikhethekile lapho ayephathwa khona kabi. UBolander wasinda kulolu phiko futhi waqhubeka ekolishi.Enye incwadi, hhayi i-autobiographical, yizingane ezinesibindi : Izindaba zangempela ngabantu abasha abenza umehluko (i-ISBN 0915793393) nguBarbara A. Lewis. Le ncwadi ikhuluma njengomunye wokuhlanganiswa kwezindaba, indaba yomfana oyisithulu owatshelwa ukuthi uyalithwa njengengane.
Incwadi yesithathu i- Dummy (1974) (ASIN 0316845108), ngu-Ernest Tidyman. Le ncwadi ichaza ukuhlupheka komuntu oyisithulu ongakaze afunde noma yiluphi ulimi, futhi wabekwa icala lokubulala futhi wabekwe emakhaya ngenxa yokulahlwa.
Incwadi yesine nguNkulunkulu owazi igama lakhe: Indaba Eqinisweni kaJohn Doe No. 24 , nguDave Bakke (i-ISBN 0809323273).
Le ncwadi itjela indaba yendoda engasizwakalayo oyisithulu eyatholwa ohlelweni lwezempilo lwe-Illinois. Wabekwa ekhaya ukuze lilahlwe ngemva kokuhlukumeza okungaqondakali ngo-1945 (akucaci incazelo yencwadi uma ngabe esemdala noma ingane lapho itholakele).
Ezinye izibonelo ezitholakalayo ze-Misdiagnosis
Umculi osisithulu uKathy Buckley uvame ukutshela izethameli ukuthi wayedluliselwa kanjani njengalokhu enqatshelwa njengengane eneminyaka eyisithupha ubudala. Ngenhlanhla, iphutha lafunyanwa ngesikhathi eneminyaka engu-7 ubudala. Unomlando wakhe siqu, Uma Ungakuzwa Okukubonayo : Izifundo Ngokuphila, Inhlanhla kanye Nezinqumo Esizenzayo (QAPHELA 052594611X). Umculi oyisithulu, uJoan Popovich-Kutscher, akazange ahlolwe futhi ahlelwe ngezikhungo kusukela eminyakeni engaba nemithathu ubudala waze wayeneminyaka engu-9 ubudala. Umculi oyisithulu, uJames Moody, wayengaziwa kahle ePennsylvania njengengane encane.Izibonelo ku-Entertainment Media of Misdiagnosis
Indawo yokuvula ye-(hhayi etholakalayo kwividiyo) I-movie yethelevishini Futhi Igama Lakho nguJona wabonisa uJona osemncane, umntwana oyisithulu owayengakazwa kabi njengoba ehlehlisiwe, ekhishwa ukushiya isikhungo lapho akhule khona.Le ncwadi eshiwo ngenhla i-Dummy nayo yaba i-movie ye-TV ye-1979 yesihloko esifanayo, ekhuluma noLevi Lev Burton. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhlelo ezithile zethelevishini zakuqala zazineziqephu ezinabantu abangezithulu abacatshangwa ukuthi bahlehlisiwe. Esinye isiqephu esinjalo kwakuyisiqephu esithi "The Foundling" esiyi-Waltons ngo-1972.
I-Misdiagnosis ezikhathini zanamuhla
Ngeshwa, lolu hlobo lwezinkinga eziphuthumayo lusenzeka emazweni asathuthuka ngezikhathi ezithile. Akuyona into engavamile ngisho nanamuhla, ukuthola izingane ezithulu ezindlini zokulahlekelwa kwengqondo emazweni asathuthuka. Esikhathini sokuqala uhlelo lwezintandane zaseSoviet Union, izingane zazivame ukungazi ukuthi zingaphansi kweminyaka engamashumi amane zihanjiswe emakhaya ngenxa yokulahlwa kwengqondo. Ngisho nezwe eliphuthumayo njengezokwelapha ezifana ne-United States alinakuzivikela ekungeneni kahle. Incwadi yezindaba kaDisemba 1998 yabakhubazekile / ababonisi bokukhubazeka eNingizimu Texas yabika ukuthi ngasekupheleni kuka-1994, ingane eyayibizwa ngokuthi ilahlekelwe ngokwengqondo itholakale ukuthi ilahlekelwe ukulalela okungenani. Ukusuka Ngezivakashi Ezizizwayo :
... Ngilandela ngempela indaba yakho mayelana nezingane ezingalungile (izithulu, ezibhalwe phansi). Ngithole inkinga yami yokuzwa ebangeni lesibili. Ebandleni le-4, uthisha wami ungangishaya futhi angibize ngilahlekile, ngoba angizange ngizwe. Wayengakholelwa ukuthi ngisithulu, wayecabanga ukuthi ngimnaki noma ngisicaba. Bonke abantwana engifunda nabo ekilasini kusukela ngaleso sikhathi bangiphatha njengangingumuntu oyisiphukuphuku.
Lapho ngiphumelela esikoleni esiphakeme, ngineRegents Scholarship, omunye wabalingani engifunda nabo (engangike ngiye esikoleni naso kusukela esikoleni segrama) wangimisa ehholo ukuba angifakaze, futhi wathi kimi wamangala ukuthi nginqobile ukuthi izifundo , njengoba ecabanga ukuthi ngibuyiselwe. Ngaleso sikhathi ngabona ukuthi impilo yami yonke yayithintekile ngenxa yothisha oyedwa.
... Ngazalwa ngilahlekelwa ukuzwa okuncane futhi akekho owawuthatha kuwo. Ngesikhathi ngisegangeni lokuqala othisha bacabanga ukuthi ngisengqondweni. Bayeluleka abazali bami ukuba bangifake esikhungweni sengqondo, abazali bami bathi akaphuluki ngokwengqondo ukuthi kufanele umnakekele bese ewuthola. Ubaba wangifundisa ngobunye ubusuku ukuthi othisha kufanele bafundise kanjani emasontweni ayisithupha. Ngakusasa ngifunde uthisha futhi wathi ngikukhanda ngekhanda. Wangithumela ehhovisi lesikhulu lapho kwakufanele ngifunde ngaphambili, emuva phambili, futhi ngiphakathi nasemuva kwebhukwana ngaphambi kokuba baqiniseke ukuthi ngingakwazi ukufunda. Babiza abazali bami ehhovisi. Ngicabanga nje ukuthi ubaba washo ukuthini lapho umama emtshela ukuthi kufanele sihambe esikoleni. Yonke impilo yami kuye kwadingeka ngibonise abantu ukuthi angihlehlwanga ngokwengqondo. Nginebaphathi ababili ababengitshele ukuthi bacabanga ukuthi ngisengqondweni futhi omunye wamangala ukuthi ngangingekho.
Ungumuntu omdala oyisithulu owahlukunyezwa njengengane engalahlekile engqondweni noma engumuntu omusha? Yabelana ngolwazi lwakho noma isipiliyoni sesihlobo sakho, mayelana nabafundi bezinzwa.