Umshuwalense wokukhubazeka wesikhashana ukhokha iphesenti lomholo wakho uma ukhubazeka okwesikhashana, okusho ukuthi awukwazi ukusebenza isikhathi esifushane ngenxa yokugula noma ukulimala okungavumelani nomsebenzi wakho (ukukhokhelwa kwezinkokhelo zabasebenzi kuzohlinzeka ngemali engenayo ukufaka esikhundleni uma isimo sokukhubazeka singenxa yokulimala okuhlobene nomsebenzi). Ngokuvamile, inqubomgomo yokukhubazeka yesikhashana inikeza ngamaphesenti angama-40 kuya kwangu-80 omholo wakho wesikhungo sokukhubazeka.
Abanye abantu banomshwalense wokukhubazeka okwesikhashana ngokusebenzisa umqashi , inyunyana, noma enye inhlangano yezobuchwepheshe. Lolu hlobo lwenqubomgomo luyaziwa ngokuthi ukuhlanganisa iqembu. Ungabuye futhi uthenge inqubomgomo ngayinye ngqo kusuka kwinkampani yomshuwalense noma i-ejenti, nakuba ngokuvamile kuyoba kubizayo ukuthenga ukufakwa kwakho ngokwakho.
Indlela Umshwalense Wokukhubazeka Wesikhathi Esifishane Usebenza Ngayo
Iningi lemishanguzo yesikhashana yokukhubazeka linomklamo ofanayo jikelele. Wena, noma umqashi wakho, ukhokhela i-premium yenyanga okufanele ihlanganiswe. Uma ukugula noma ukulimala kukuvimbela ukuba usebenze, ufaka isicelo ngenzuzo ngokukhuluma nomuntu emnyangweni wenkampani yakho yomuntu noma ummeli wakho womshuwalense. Ungase ukhokhe noma ungafanele ukhokhe intela ngemali oyithola kumgomo wokukhubazeka, kuye ngokuthi ngabe amaphrimiyamu wenqubomgomo akhokhelwa wena noma umqashi wakho, nokuthi ngabe akhokhelwa ngemali yentela ngaphambi kokukhokha noma intela.
Iningi lemigomo yokukhubazeka yesikhathi esifushane idinga ubufakazi ovela kudokotela wakho ochaza isimo sakho futhi ulinganise ukuthi uzobe usuqalile kangakanani umsebenzi wakho.
Kungenzeka ukuthi kuzoba nenkathi yokulinda phakathi nosuku oshiya ngalo umsebenzi kanye nosuku lapho ufanele ukuthola izinzuzo, nakuba izinqubomgomo zokukhubazeka zesikhathi esifushane zivame ukungena phakathi kwamasonto amabili.
Umqashi wakho angadinga ukuthi usebenzise ezinye noma zonke izinsuku zakho ezigulayo ngaphambi kokuba inqubomgomo iqale ukukhokha.
Uma isikhashana sokulinda sesiphelile, ngokuvamile uzothola iphesenti elibekiwe lemholo oyitholile ngaphambi kokuba ukhutshaziwe.
Isibonelo, uma ukhokhelwe u-$ 1,000 ngesonto, futhi inqubomgomo yakho ikhokha imali engama-60% wemali engenayo yokukhubazeka, uzothola inzuzo engu- $ 600 ngesonto. Izinqubomgomo ezimfushane zesikhashana ngokuvamile zikhokha izinzuzo phakathi kwezinyanga ezintathu nezinyanga eziyisithupha, nakuba ezinye zizohlinzeka ngokufakaza kuze kube unyaka noma ngaphezulu (izinzuzo ziphela uma ukukhubazeka kuphelile, uma lokho kwenzeka ngokushesha nje kunosuku lapho inqubomgomo ingabeka ukukhokhela izinzuzo). Uma usengakwazi ukusebenza lapho izinzuzo zakho zokukhubazeka zesikhashana ziphela, ungase uvumeleke ukuthola izinzuzo zokukhubazeka isikhathi eside uma unenqubomgomo yokukhubazeka yesikhathi eside, noma ungafaka isicelo soMshuwalense Wokukhubazeka Kwezenhlalakahle, kuye ngokuthi izimo.
Ukukhulelwa kanye nekhefu lokubeletha kuyisimo esivamile kakhulu sezimangalo zesikhashana sokukhubazeka. Umthetho we-Family and Medical Act (FMLA) uvumela amasonto angu-12 ekhefu elingakhokhelwa, kodwa umshwalense wokukhubazeka wesikhathi esifushane ungasetshenziswa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umama omusha uthola iphesenti lokukhokha okujwayelekile ngesikhathi okungenani ingxenye ethile yekhefu lakhe lokubeletha.
Ngaphansi koMthetho Wokunakekelwa Onganakekelwayo, abaqashi abakhulu kudingeka ukuba banikele umshuwalense wezempilo kubasebenzi besikhathi esigcwele, futhi isikhathi esigcwele sichazwa ngokuthi "amahora enkonzo" angu-30 noma ngaphezulu ngesonto.
Ngonyaka we-2015, i-IRS icacise leso sikhathi lapho isisebenzi sithola izinzuzo zokukhubazeka (isikhathi esifushane noma isikhathi eside) kubhekwa "amahora enkonzo" okusho ukuthi umqashi kufanele aqhubeke nokunikeza izinzuzo zomshuwalense wezempilo uma nje umsebenzi isabhekwa njengomsebenzi osebenzayo (inothi lokuthi i-ACA ayidingi abaqashi ukuba banikele noma yiluphi uhlobo lomshwalense wokukhubazeka, kodwa uma benza, futhi uma isisebenzi sithola izinzuzo zokukhubazeka, lawo mahora ahlala njengamahora enkonzo).
Umshwalense Wokukhubazeka Wesikhathi Eside Uhlukile Kanjani?
Umshuwalense wokukhubazeka wesikhathi eside wenzelwe ukubuyisela ingxenye yengeniso yakho uma ukukhubazeka kukuvimbela ukusebenza, kodwa kuzokhokha izinzuzo isikhathi eside kunalolu hlelo lokukhubazeka okwesikhashana.
Ukuvota kokukhubazeka kwesikhathi eside ngokuvamile akuqali ukukhokhela izinzuzo uze ungakwazi ukusebenza okungenani inyanga, futhi ngezinye izikhathi uma nje unyaka noma ezimbili. Kodwa uma izinzuzo ziqala, ziqhubeka iminyaka. Kuye ngenqubomgomo, bangase baqhubeke baze bafike eminyakeni yobudala.
Izisebenzi eziningi zinomshwalense wokukhubazeka okwesikhathi esifushane nesikhathi eside, ngoba leyo mikhiqizo emibili ingasebenza ngokubambisana ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isisebenzi esikhubazekile sithola indawo yokuthola imali engenayo ingxenye cishe yobude obugcwele bokukhubazeka.
Isibonelo sezinqubomgomo ezihambisanayo kungaba yinkambiso yokukhubazeka yesikhashana ngesonto elilindile lamasonto amabili, elifaka esikhundleni sezingxenye ezingu-70 zokukhokhelwa kwabasebenzi izinyanga ezintathu, kuhlanganiswe nenqubomgomo yokukhubazeka yesikhathi eside enezinyanga ezintathu zokulinda bese kufaka amaphesenti angama-60 emali engenayo yesisebenzi kuze kube yiminyaka eyishumi (ubude besikhathi lapho uhlelo lokukhubazeka lwesikhathi eside luzokhokhela khona izinzuzo luhlukahluka kwelinye uhlelo, kodwa kulinganiswa eminyakeni, kunamaviki noma izinyanga).
Ukutholakala kokukhubazeka kwesikhathi eside kuyabiza ukwedlula ukutholakala kokukhubazeka kwesikhashana, ngoba ukukhokhelwa okungenzeka kunamakhulu kakhulu, kunikezwe isikhathi eside umuntu angathola izinzuzo.
Yeka ukuthi Izinqubomgomo Zesikhashana Zokukhubazeka Zesikhashana zihluke kanjani
Ngenkathi izinqubomgomo eziningi zokukhubazeka zesikhashana zinezici ezifanayo, yilowo nalowo angase abe nezinto ezihlukile.
Incazelo yokukhubazeka: Ezinye izinqubomgomo zokukhubazeka zesikhathi esifushane zichaza ukukhubazeka njengokuhluleka ukusebenza emsebenzini wakho. Lezi ziyaziwa ngokuthi "umsebenzi womuntu siqu" izincazelo zokukhubazeka. Ezinye izinqubomgomo zichaza ukukhubazeka njengokuhluleka ukusebenza kunoma yimuphi umsebenzi, owaziwa ngokuthi "noma yimuphi umsebenzi" incazelo.
Isevisi Isekele: Abanye abaqashi bazohlinzeka kuphela izinhlelo zokukhubazeka zesikhathi esifushane ngemuva kokubasebenzela isikhathi esithile, isibonelo, izinyanga eziyisithupha noma unyaka owodwa.
Isikhathi sokulinda: Lokhu kubhekiselwa futhi njengenkathi yokuqeda, futhi yisikhathi phakathi kokugula noma ukulimala, futhi uma umshwalense wakho wokukhubazeka uqala. Amapulani amaningi okukhubazeka okuphuthumayo anenkathi yokulinda kwezinsuku ezingu-0 kuya kwezingu-14. Ngokuvamile, izinqubomgomo ezinesikhathi eside sokulinda zinama-premium aphansi. Izinhlelo eziningi zokukhubazeka zesikhathi esifushane zinezikhathi ezahlukene zokulinda izinhlobo ezahlukene zokukhubazeka. Isibonelo, uhlelo lungaba nesikhathi sokulinda izinsuku eziyisikhombisa sokugula futhi akukho sikhathi sokulinda kwengozi eyenzeka ngaphandle komsebenzi.
Izinzuzo Zokuhlomula: Izindleko zemihlomulo ziyahlukahluka, kepha ngokuvamile ziphakathi kwamaphesenti angu-40 no-80 wamaphesenti omholo wakho wokukhubazeka. Uma ufuna isilinganiso esiphezulu, kungenzeka ukuthi ukhokhe i-premium enkulu. Ezinye izinqubomgomo zokukhubazeka zesikhathi esifushane zishintsha izinga lokuhlomula ngesikhathi sokuzuzisa. Isibonelo, inqubomgomo yakho ingakhokha u-80% wamaviki amathathu okuqala okukhubazeka bese u-50% wesikhathi esisele sesikhathi sakho sokuhlomula.
Izinzuzo zesikhashana: Izinqubomgomo zokukhubazeka zesikhathi esifushane zihloselwe ukufaka ingxenye yengeniso yakho uma ungakwazi ukusebenza isikhathi esifushane, ngokuvamile ezinyangeni ezintathu kuya kweziyisithupha. Ezinye izinqubomgomo zokukhubazeka zesikhathi esifushane zizoqhubeka zikhokha izinzuzo eziyiminyaka emibili, kepha lezo zingavamile kakhulu (phawula ukuthi ukuvalwa kokukhubazeka kwesikhathi eside, okuchazwe ngenhla, kuyindlela ehlukile yepholisi ezoqhubeka nokukhokha izinzuzo kuze kufike eziningana iminyaka noma ngisho nangaphezulu kweminyaka engama-65 ngaphansi kwezinhlelo ezithile; umshuwalense wokukhubazeka wesikhathi eside uyabiza kakhulu kunomshwalense wokukhubazeka okwesikhashana). Inqubomgomo yakho yokukhubazeka yesikhathi esifushane ingakuvumela ukuba ubuyele emsebenzini ekuhlolweni. Isibonelo, inqubomgomo yakho ingakunika isikhathi sokuhlolwa seviki ezimbili. Uma ubuyela emuva emsebenzini ukuze ungapheli amasonto amabili bese uthola ukuthi awukwazi ukwenza umsebenzi wakho ngenxa yokukhubazeka kwakho, inqubomgomo ikuvumela ukuba uqhubeke nezinzuzo zakho njengokungathi awuzange ubuyele emsebenzini.
Izinguquko ku-premium yakho: Uma ubhalisela inqubomgomo ye-"noncancelable" yesikhashana sokukhubazeka, inkampani yomshuwalense ayikwazi ukushintsha ama-premium noma izinzuzo zakho. Kodwa-ke, uma ubhalisela "inqubomgomo eqinisekisiwe", inkampani yomshuwalense ivumelekile ukushintsha ama-premium akho, kodwa kuphela uma iguqula iqembu lonke labaphathi bezinqubomgomo. Ukuhlinzekwa okuhle kakhulu kuhambisana namapulani okubili angatholakali futhi aqinisekisiwe avuselelwe, kodwa lawo macebo abuye abe nama-premium aphezulu.
Ukungabikho: Izinqubomgomo eziningi ngeke zimboze ukukhubazeka okubangelwa ukuzama ukuzibulala, ukusetshenziswa kabi kwezidakamizwa, impi, noma imizamo yokwenza ubugebengu. Izimo ezandulele ziphinde zifakwe ngaphandle. Ukulimala emsebenzini, okuyinto ehlanganiswa yomshuwalense wezinkokhelo zabasebenzi esikhundleni, futhi ayihlanganisiwe.
Indlela Yokuthola Umshuwalense Wokukhubazeka Wesikhashana
Ukubhalisela uhlelo lweqembu
Umqashi wakho anganikeza uhlelo lokukhubazeka okwesikhashana njengendlela yokuhlomula okuhlobene nomsebenzi. Uma inkampani yakho inikeza umshuwalense wokukhubazeka okwesikhashana, ungabhalisela uhlelo ngesikhathi sokubhalisa kokuqala (uma uqala ukuthola izinzuzo), noma ngesikhathi sokubhalisa ngonyaka ovulekile umqashi wakho.
Kungase kudingeke ukuthi ube nokufakwa ngaphansi kwenqubomgomo esikhathini esithile ngaphambi kokuba isimo esandulele sikhombiswe (esaziwa ngokuthi yisikhathi sokuxoshwa). I-ACA inqamule ukusetshenziswa kwezimo zangaphambili ezikhona zokulinda kanye nezinkokhelo zezinzuzo zomshuwalense wezempilo, kodwa ayizange iguqule imithetho ephathelene nomshuwalense wokukhubazeka. Imininingwane mayelana nokuthi izimo zangaphambili ezikhona zizophathwa kanjani emshwaleni wesikhashana womshuwalense wokukhubazeka ohlinzeka ngumqashi wakho, ngakho qiniseka ukuthi ufunda ukuphrinta okuhle.
Imithetho ephathelene nomshuwalense wesikhashana wokukhubazeka iyahlukahluka kusuka kumbuso kuya kumbuso. Uma ucabanga ukuthi inkampani yakho noma umshuwalense awukuphathe kahle, hlola nomnyango womshuwalense wombuso wakho. Ungakwazi ukufinyelela umnyango womshuwalense wombuso ngokusebenzisa iwebhusayithi ye-National Association of Insurance Commissioners.
Ukubhalisela i-Individual Policy
Uma usebenza ngokweqile noma usebenzela umqashi ongahlinzeki umshuwalense wokukhubazeka okwesikhashana, ungase uthande ukucabangela ukuthenga inqubomgomo ngayinye. Kuzodingeka ukuthi ube ngaphansi kokubhaliswa kwezokwelapha ukuze uthole uhlelo lomuntu olude lokukhubazeka okwesikhashana (futhi, i-ACA ayizange iguqule noma yini ngalokhu; umshuwalense wezempilo udaba oluqinisekisiwe kungakhathaliseki umlando wezokwelapha, kodwa umshuwalense wokukhubazeka awukho). Lapho uthengisa inqubomgomo ethile, bheka inkampani ehloniphekile futhi uqiniseke ukuthi ufunda yonke imininingwane yenqubomgomo yakho.
Ungathola izilinganiso zabahlinzeki bomshuwalense kumawebhusayithi alandelayo:
- Moody's
- AM Best
> Imithombo:
> Izinzuzo zokukhubazeka 101.
> Isevisi yangaphakathi yeNgeniso, Isaziso 2015-87 Isaziso 2015-87.
> UMnyango Wezabasebenzi wase-United States, i-FMLA (i-Family and Medical Medical Leave).