Ukusetshenziswa, Ukucabangela, nokungafani
I-Sustiva (i-efavirenz) iyisidakamizwa se- antiretroviral esisetshenziselwa ukwelashwa kwe-HIV kokubili abadala nabantwana.
I-Sustiva ihlukaniswa njenge-non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) futhi iyingxenye yesilinganiso esinqunyiwe somuthi we- Atripla (i-tenofovir + emtricitabine + efavirenz) evame ukusetshenziswa njengokwelashwa kokuqala kwe-US
USustiva wavunyelwa ukusetshenziswa ngu-US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) ngoSepthemba 21, 1998.
EYurophu nakwezinye izingxenye zomhlaba, lesi sidakamizwa sithengiswa ngaphansi kwegama elithile lezohwebo, iStocrin.
Ukwakhiwa kwezidakamizwa
Ukususwa kuyatholakala kuthebhulethi engu-600mg. Ithebhulethi ephuzi, i-oblong ifilimu efakwe futhi ifakwe inombolo "SUSTIVA" ezinhlangothini zombili.
I-Sustiva itholakala ku-200mg ne-50mg ifomu le-capsule. Ama-capsules angu-200mg ayenziwe ngegolide, aphrintiwe ngo- "SUSTIVA" emzimbeni we-capsule no- "200 mg" esithombeni. Ama-capsules ama-50mg ane-cap yegolide ephrintiwe ngo- "SUSTIVA" nomzimba omhlophe obhalwe "t0 mg."
I-Sustiva akumele isetshenziswe njenge-monotherapy kodwa kunezinye izidakamizwa ezidambisigciwane ezifanele.
Izilinganiso
Kubantu abadala, thatha tablet eyodwa 600mg kanye nsuku zonke, kahle ngaphambi kokulala futhi esiswini esingenalutho. Ukwengeza:
- Uma ulawulwa yi-rifampin (esetshenziselwa njalo ekwelashweni kwe-tuberculosis coinfection), ukwandisa umthamo ube ngu-800mg njalo ngosuku ngeziguli ezinesisindo esingaphezu kuka-110 lbs (50kg).
- Uma uqondiswa nge-voriconazole (i- antifungal esetshenziselwa njalo ukuphatha izifo ezithathelanayo ezihambisana ne-HIV), ukwandisa umthamo wokunakekela i-voriconazole kuya ku-400mg kabili ngosuku futhi wehlisa ukususwa ku-300mg kanye ngosuku.
Kubantwana okungenani iminyaka emithathu ubudala nangaphezulu kuka 7.7 lbs (35kg), bhala kanje:
- 7.7 lbs (3.5kg) kuya ngaphansi kuka-11 lbs (5kg): 100mg
- 11 lbs (5kg) kuya ngaphansi kuka-16.5 lbs (7.5kg): 150mg
- 16.5 lbs (7.5kg) kuya ngaphansi kwama-33 lbs (15kg): 200mg
- I-33 lbs (15kg) kuya ngaphansi kwama-44 lbs (20kg): 250mg
- 44 lbs (20kg) kuya ngaphansi kuka-55 lbs (25kg): 300mg
- Ama-55 lbs (25kg) angaphansi kuka-71.6 lbs (32.5kg): 350mg
- 71.6 lbs (32.5kg) kuya ngaphansi kwama-88lbs (40kg): 400mg
- 88 lbs (40kg) nangaphezulu: 600mg
Ama-captile ase-Sustiva angagwinya ngokuphelele noma njenge-sprinkles. Ukuxhaswa kwifomu yethebhulethi, ngakolunye uhlangothi, akufanele neze kuchotshozwe ngoba lokhu kungabangela ukulingana okunganele (noma ukungahlehlisi kahle) ezinganeni.
Imiphumela Ejwayelekile Ejwayelekile
Imiphumela emibi kakhulu ehlobene nokusetshenziswa kwe-Sustiva (ku-10% wamacala noma ngaphansi) yi:
- Rash
- I-nausea
- Isizungu
- Izinwele
- Ukukhathala
- Ukungalali
- Ukuvota
- Ukuhlushwa okungekho emthethweni
- Isisu esibuhlungu
- Amaphupho angavamile, acacile
- Uhudo
- Ukucindezeleka
- Ukwesaba / ukukhathazeka
Iningi lezimpawu ngokuvamile lihlala isikhathi eside, ngokuvamile lixazulula ngokwabo phakathi kwamasonto ambalwa kuya enyangeni. Ezinye izimo zesisindo sezinzwa eziphakathi (ukuzondwa, ukuhlushwa okungaziphathi kahle) kunganciphisa ngokuthatha uSustiva ngaphambi nje kokulala.
Ukususwa kwe-Skin Sushes-Okuhlanganisiwe
Ezifundweni ezilawulwa emtholampilo, iziguli ezingama-26% ezasanda kutholakala eSustiva zathola izinga elithile lokushona kwesikhumba, nakuba iningi lalinomnene futhi lilinganisa ngokweqile futhi livame ukuvela phakathi kwamasonto amabili okuqala okuqalwa.
Uma uhlakulela ngokushesha ngemuva kokuqala uSustiva, xhumana nodokotela wakho noma umhlinzeki wezempilo. Ezimweni ezingavamile (okungaphansi kwezingu-1% zamacala), ukuqhuma kungase kube nzima kakhulu, kuboniswe nge-fever kanye ne-blisters, okukhombisa ukuvuvukala komzimba wonke okungase kubulawe okubizwa nge-Stevens-Johnson syndrome, okudinga ukuphela kokuphela kokwelapha kepha ukwelashwa okusheshayo qaphela.
Kuzo zonke ezinye izimo, ukuqhuma kuzozixazulula ngokwengeziwe ngaphandle kokuyeka ukwelashwa.
Ukungafani
Ukususwa akufanele kusetshenziswe namanye ama-inhibitors angenayo i-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors: i-Edurant (rilpivirine), i-Intelence (etravirine), i-Rescriptor (delavirdine), noma i-Viramune (i-nevirapine).
Isiguli esine-hypersensitivity yangaphambili esabela kuSustiva-kuhlanganise noStevens-Johnson syndrome ( bheka ngenhla ) noma ukuqhuma kwesikhumba esinobuthi-akumele kuvuselelwe nalesi sidakamizwa noma i-Atripla enqunyiwe, ukuhlanganiswa kwezidakamizwa ezihlanganisiwe ezibandakanya uSustiva.
I-Sustiva ayiphakanyiswa futhi uma ilawulwa yizidakamizwa ze-hepatitis C (HCV) i-Victrelis (boceprevir) ne-Olysio (simeprevir) ngenxa yokulahlekelwa umthelela wokwelapha kulezi zinselo ezimbili zokuvimbela i-HCV.
Ukucatshangelwa Ukwelashwa
Umswakama uhlotshaniswa nokungafani kahle kwe-fetus eziningana zezifundo zesilwane. Nakuba kusekhona ukuphikisana ngokuthi uSustiva ubangela yini ingozi yangempela kubantu, kunconywa ukuthi uSustiva kufanele agwenywe ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, ikakhulukazi ku-trimester yokuqala. Omama nabo bayelulekwa ukuba bangalusisi ngenkathi bethatha uSustiva.
Imithombo:
I-US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). "Iphakheji Lokuvunyelwa Kwemithi - Sustiva (efavirenz) 50mg, 100mg, 200mg capsules." I-Silver Spring, e-Maryland; ikhishwe ngo-September 21, 1998.