Amakhamera wezidakamizwa angu-31 manje asekhona ukuze aphathe ukwelashwa kwe-HIV
Imithi ye-antiretroviral ihlelwe yaba amakilasi amahlanu asekelwe esigabeni somjikelezo wokuphila nge-HIV. Namuhla, kunama-agent angu-27 (abizwa ngokuthi ama-molecule) nezidakamizwa ezingu-12 ezihlanganisiwe ezidonswe (FDC) ezinamakhemikhali amabili noma ngaphezulu. Ema-FDC ayisikhombisa, empeleni, angasetshenziswa njengephilisi elilodwa, ukwelashwa kanye-kwansuku zonke, ukuqinisekisa ukunamathela okukhulu kokwelapha nokulula ukusetshenziswa.
Imithi yokwelapha i-antiretroviral ishiwo ngokujwayelekile isebenzisa ama-molecule amathathu ahlukene edakamizwa, isu elaziwa ngokuthi yi- HAART (ukwelashwa okudambisa imishanguzo). Kusukela ekusungulweni kwayo ngo-1996, i-HAART iguqukile kakhulu futhi namuhla inikeza imiphumela emibi kakhulu kanye nokuphumelela okukhulu kokwelashwa kunanini ngaphambili.
Eqinisweni, ukwelashwa kwemithi emithathu ejwayelekile kungase kube yinto esedlule ngemithi emibili yezidakamizwa ezifana noJuuca (dolutegravir + rilpivirine) manje evunyelwe ukusetshenziswa njengokwelapha okuphelele, konke okukodwa kwe-HIV.
Ngo-Ephreli 7, 2018, i-molecule ye-HIV entsha, i-bictegravir, yavunyelwa ukusetshenziswa yi-US Food and Drug Administration njengengumuthi we-FDC, iBiktarvy.
| I-Drug Class | I gama le-brand | Igama elijwayelekile | Ukuzidela kwabantu abadala | Amanothi ezokudla |
| Ukungena kwama-Inhibitors | Fuzeon | i-enfuvirtide, i-T-20 | I-90mg (1 mL) injected kabili nsuku zonke | Akukho |
| U-Selzentry, uCelsentri | i-maraviroc | I-tablet 150mg kabili ngosuku, i-300mg ithebhulethi kabili ngosuku, noma amaphilisi amabili ka-300mg kabili nsuku zonke, kuye ngezimo zemithi | Akukho | |
| Ama-Enhancer ( Pharmacokinetic Enhancers) (ama-ARV Drug Boosters) | I-Norvir | ritonavir | Ngokuyisisekelo i-protease inhibitor, i-Norvir isetshenziselwa kuphela "ukukhulisa" amazinga wezidakamizwa ze-serum amanye ama-protease inhibitors (i-PIs); abakwa-prescribers kufanele babonisane nolwazi oluphelele lokubeka ulwazi lapho kulawulwa ngokuhambisana nama-PI | Kuthathwa noma ngaphandle kokudla |
| Tybost | i-cobicistat | 150mg kuthathwe kanye ngosuku; ngokweqile i-CYP3A inhibitor, iTybost isetshenziselwa "ukukhulisa" amazinga wezidakamizwa ze-serum eziningana zeprotease inhibitors (i-PIs) | Kuthathwa ngokudla | |
| I-Integrase Inhibitors | Isentress | i-raltegravir | Ithebulethi eyodwa ye-400mg ithathwe kabili nsuku zonke | Kuthathwa noma ngaphandle kokudla |
| I-Tivicay | i-dolutegravir | I-tablet ye-50mg nsuku zonke iziguli ezingelashwa; i-tablet ye-50mg kabili nsuku zonke iziguli ezithola ukwelashwa eziphikisana ne-Isentress | Kuthathwa noma ngaphandle kokudla | |
| Vitekta | i-elvitegravir | 85mg noma 150mg ithebhulethi ethathwe kanye noma kabili nsuku zonke, kanye noNorvir kanye nezinye i-protease inhibitor; bhekisela kwishadi lokulandelela imithi ethile | Kuthathwa ngokudla | |
| I-Nucleoside ne-Nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (i-NRTIs / i-NtRTIs) | Emtriva | emtricitabine | Ithebulethi eyodwa ye-100mg ethathwe kanye nsuku zonke, noma eyodwa tablet 150mg ithathwe kabili nsuku zonke | Kuthathwa noma ngaphandle kokudla |
| I-Epivir | lamivudine | Ithebulethi eyodwa ye-300mg ithathwe kanye ngosuku, noma eyodwa tablet 150mg ithathwe kabili nsuku zonke | Kuthathwa noma ngaphandle kokudla | |
| I-Retrovir | I-AZT, i-zidovudine | Ithebulethi eyodwa ye-300mg ithathwe kabili nsuku zonke | Ukudla kunganciphisa ukukhathazeka kwesisu | |
| I-Videx EC | i-didanosine, i-ddI | Enye capsule engu-400mg ethathwe kanye ngosuku; noma i-capsula eyodwa ye-200mg ethathwe kanye nsuku zonke iziguli ezingaphansi kuka-133 lbs (60kg) | Kuthathwa ngesisu esingenalutho | |
| I-Viread | i-tenofovir | Ithebulethi eyodwa ye-300mg ithathwe kanye nsuku zonke | Kuthathwa noma ngaphandle kokudla | |
| I-Zerit | stavudine | Enye i-capsule engu-40mg ethathwe amahora angu-12 ngehora ngeziguli ezingu-133 lb (60kg) nangaphezulu; noma i-capsule eyodwa engu-30mg ethathwe amahora angu-12 ngehora leziguli ezingaphansi kuka-133 lbs (60kg) | Kuthathwa noma ngaphandle kokudla | |
| Ziagen | Abacavir | Amaphilisi amabili ama-300mg athathwa kanye nsuku zonke, noma eyodwa tablet 300mg ithathwe kabili nsuku zonke | Kuthathwa noma ngaphandle kokudla | |
| Ama-Inhibitors angenawo iNucleoside Reverse Transcriptase (NNRTIs) | I-Edurant | i-rilpivirine | Ithebulethi eyodwa ye-25mg ethathwe kanye nsuku zonke | Kuthathwa ngokudla |
| Intelence | i-etravirine | Ithebulethi eyodwa ye-200mg ithathwe kabili nsuku zonke | Kuthathwa ngokudla | |
| Umhleli | delavirdine | Amaphilisi amabili ama-200mg athathwa kathathu nsuku zonke | Kuthathwa noma ngaphandle kokudla | |
| Ukususwa | efavirenz | Ithebulethi eyodwa ye-600mg ithathwe kanye nsuku zonke | Ncoma isisu esingenalutho | |
| I-Viramune XR | i-nevirapine | Izinga lokungenisa umshini we-tablet 200mg ye-Viramune nsuku zonke izinsuku ezingu-14, bese-tablet eyodwa eyi-100mg ye-Viramune XR nsuku zonke | Kuthathwa noma ngaphandle kokudla | |
| I-Protease Inhibitors (i-PIs) | I-Aptivus | i-tipranavir | Ama-capsules amabili ama-250mg athathwa nge-200mg i-Norvir kabili ngosuku | Okuthathwe kakhulu ngokudla |
| I-Crixivan | indinavir | Ama-capsules amabili ama-400mg athathwa nge-100mg noma 200mg ama-Norvir kabili nsuku zonke (okhethiwe), noma ama-capsules amabili angama-400m athathwa amahora angu-8 | Ne-Norvir, thatha noma ngaphandle kokudla; ngaphandle kwe-Norvir, thatha isisu esingenalutho | |
| Invirase | saquinavir | Amaphilisi amabili ama-500mg athathwa nge-100mg ye-Norvir kabili ngosuku | Okuthathwe kakhulu ngokudla noma kungakapheli amahora amabili okudla | |
| Kaletra | 200 mg lopinavir + 50mg Norvir (Qaphela - lopinavir iyatholakala kuphela njengengxenye yeKaletra) | Amaphilisi amabili kabili ngosuku; amaphilisi amane kanye nsuku zonke yamukelekile iziguli ezingelashwa noma iziguli ezinezinguquko ezingaphansi kwezingu-3 ezihlobene nokuphikiswa kwe-lopinavir | Kuthathwa noma ngaphandle kokudla | |
| Lexiva, Telzir | fosamprenavir | Amaphilisi amabili ama-700mg athathwa kabili ngosuku; noma amaphilisi angu-700mg athathwa nge-100mg 100mg i-Norvir kanye ngosuku; noma i-tablet eyodwa engu-700mg ethathwe nge-100mg ye-Norvir kabili ngosuku ngeziguli ezine-PI ukwehluleka kwangaphambilini | Kuthathwa noma ngaphandle kokudla | |
| Prezista | darunavir | Ithebulethi eyodwa ye-800mg (noma amathebulethi angu-400mg) athathwa nge-100mg i-Norvir kanye ngosuku; noma tablet 600mg ethathwe nge 100mg Norvir kabili ngosuku nsuku zonke iziguli ezinamazinga awaziwayo we-Prezista- ukumelana okuhlangene | Kuthathwa ngokudla | |
| Reyataz | atazanavir | Ama-capsules amabili ama-200mg athathwa kanye ngosuku, noma ama-capsules angu-300mg (noma amabili ama-150mg) athathwa nge-100mg ye-Norvir kanye nsuku zonke | Kuthathwa ngokudla okulula | |
| I-Viracept | i-nelfinavir | Amaphilisi amabili angu-625mg athathwa kabili ngosuku, noma amaphilisi amahlanu 250mg athathwa kabili nsuku zonke, noma amaphilisi amathathu ama-250mg athathwa kathathu nsuku zonke | Kuthathwa ngesidlo noma ukudla okulula | |
| I-Fixed Dose Combination (FDC) Izidakamizwa | I-Combivir | 300mg Retrovir + 150mg i-Epivir | Ithebhulethi eyodwa ithathwe kabili nsuku zonke | Ukudla kunganciphisa ukukhathazeka kwesisu |
| Epzicom | 600mg Ziagen + 300mg Epivir | Ithebulethi eyodwa ithathwe kanye ngosuku | Kuthathwa noma ngaphandle kokudla | |
| Evotaz | 300mg Reyataz + 150mg u-Tybost | Ithebulethi eyodwa ithathwe kanye ngosuku | Kuthathwa ngokudla | |
| Prezcobix | 800mg Prezista + 150mg u-Tybost | Ithebulethi eyodwa ithathwe kanye ngosuku | Kuthathwa ngokudla | |
| I-Truvada | I-300mg i-Viread + 200mg Emtriva | Ithebulethi eyodwa ithathwe kanye ngosuku | Kuthathwa noma ngaphandle kokudla | |
| Inhlanganisela yonke ye-Fixed Dose (FDC) Izidakamizwa | Atripla | I-600mg Sustiva + 300mg i-Viread + 200mg Emtriva | Ithebhulethi eyodwa ithathwa kanye ngosuku; ayikho enye i-antiretroviral edingekayo | Okuhle kunesisu esingenalutho |
| Biktarvy | I-bictegravir engu-50mg + 200mg I-Viread + 25mg tenofovir alafenamide | Ithebhulethi eyodwa ithathwa kanye ngosuku; ayikho enye i-antiretroviral edingekayo | Kuthathwa noma ngaphandle kokudla | |
| I-Complera | I-25mg i-Edurant + 300mg i-Viread + 200mg Emtriva | Ithebhulethi eyodwa ithathwa kanye ngosuku; ayikho enye i-antiretroviral edingekayo | Okuthathwe kakhulu ngokudla | |
| Genvoya | 150mg Vitekta + 150mg iTybost + 10mg tenofovir alafenamide + 200mg Emtriva | Ithebhulethi eyodwa ithathwa kanye ngosuku; ayikho enye i-antiretroviral agent edingekayoW | Kuthathwa ngokudla | |
| Juluca | I-Tivicay engu-50mg + 25mg e-Edurant | Ithebulethi eyodwa ithathwe kanye ngosuku | Kuthathwa ngokudla | |
| Odefsey | I-25mg e-Edurant + 25mg tenofovir alafenamide + 200mg Emtriva | Ithebhulethi eyodwa ithathwa kanye ngosuku; ayikho enye i-antiretroviral edingekayo | Kuthathwa ngokudla | |
| I-Stribild | 150mg Vitekta + 150mg iTybost + 300mg I-Viread + 200mg Emtriva | Ithebhulethi eyodwa ithathwa kanye ngosuku; ayikho enye i-antiretroviral edingekayo | Kuthathwa ngokudla | |
| I-Triumeq | 600mg Ziagen + 300mg Epivir + 50mg Tivicay | Ithebulethi eyodwa kanye ngosuku; ayikho enye i-antiretroviral edingekayo | Kuthathwa noma ngaphandle kokudla | |
| I-Trizivir | 300mg Ziagen + 300mg Retrovir + 150mg Epivir | Ithebhulethi eyodwa ithathwe kabili ngosuku; ingahle ibekwe yedwa noma ihlanganiswe namanye ama-antiretroviral agents | Okuthathwe kakhulu ngokudla |
Umthombo:
> UMnyango wezeMpilo waseMelika kanye nezinsizakalo zabasebenzi. "Imithi Ye- HIV Evunyelwe I-FDA" I- AIDSInfo. Washington, DC; ibuyekezwe ngo-February 28, 2018.