Yebo, amantombazane empeleni asisize. Badlala indima ebalulekile ohlelweni lwethu lwendalo. Badla izinambuzane eziyizinambuzane zezolimo, i-pollinate futhi zisakaze imbewu, futhi zivundile izitshalo nge-waste (guano).
Kodwa futhi baphatha ama-pathogens amahle kakhulu. Ezinye zalezi zifo ziphakathi kwabantu ababulalayo kakhulu kunabantu: Ebola, SARS, Rabies, MERS, Marburg, Hendra, noNipah.
Okubalulekile, amantombazane angakhathazeki. Zifana nanjengezimbi zezinyosi ze-viral world. Ngokuvamile abagula ngenxa yezifo ezingase zibe yingozi kithi.
Kungani Bats?
Izifo zingase zisakaze kusuka ku-bat ukuya ku-bat kalula. Bahlala emakoloni aqinile. Izifo zingangena phakathi kwebhethi eyodwa kuya kwenye, njengalabo bantu abasendleleni esitimela esiphezulu noma ekilasini lasenkulisa egcwele izingane.
Amabhethi angase abonakale engathinteki yisifo esingase sibhubhise abantu. Amabhakane anezinga lokushisa lomzimba olukhuni futhi angakwazi ukubekezelela amagciwane abantu abakwazi. Kodwa-ke, ukuziphatha kwamamulwane athile uma unesifo ngezifo kungase kubangele ukuxhumana okungaphezulu kwamabhantshi nabantu. Ngokwesibonelo, amalulwane angakwazi ukuziphatha ngendlela engaqondakali uma enesifo sofuba, njengokushayela ngaphandle emini. Amabhathi angaphinde ahambe, asakaze ukutheleleka kude.
Kubuzwa ukuthi ngabe ukuthungwa kwamahlathi kuholela emantwini amaningana axhumana nabantu. Lokhu kungaba ikakhulu uma amahlathi ehlukaniswa, abe iziqhingi zezihlahla nezindawo zemvelo, nabantu abahlala ezindaweni ezizungezile lezi ziqhingi zehlathi.
Amabhathi futhi, njengoba ehamba, angaletha izifo ukusuka endaweni eyodwa kuya kwenye; bavame ukuhlala ezindaweni zasemadolobheni.
AmaRabi
Amapulane amanengi akanayo ama-rabies, kodwa amanye - izikhathi eziningi 5-10% - enza. Amacala amaningi omuntu avela ekuqotweni kwezinja, kodwa ama-populane ayinhloko enkulu yamarabi (kanye nomsuka wayo).
Bambalwa abantu abanesifo.
I-US ibona izifo ezingu-2-3 ngonyaka; emhlabeni wonke 160 ufa ngosuku, 60,000 ngonyaka. Cishe wonke umuntu one-rabies uyafa-noma ngabe u-5 uphile (phakathi kwabangu-36 abaye bathola inqubo entsha, yokuhlola).
I-prophylaxis ibalulekile ekuvimbeleni ukutheleleka. Akubona nje labo abathinte ibhethi abadinga ukuba ne-prophylaxis yama-rabies. Ngubani odinga i-prophylaxis:
- Noma ubani oshaya nge-bat
- Noma yikuphi ukufakwa kwamathambo okungaba khona emlonyeni, inxeba, impumu, noma amehlo
- Uma umuntu evuka futhi athole ibhe egumbini
- Uma ibhet itholakala ekamelweni elinomntwana ongalindelwe
- Uma i-bat itholakala ekamelweni nomuntu ngaphandle kokuqaphela ukubona i-bat bite
Wonke umuntu kufanele ahlanze ngesipho namanzi noma yikuphi ukukhala noma ezinye izindawo zokungcola.
Ebola noMarburg
Ngemuva kwama-rabies, okubangelwa yi-100%, u-Ebola noMarburg yizifo ezimbili ezibulalayo kunazo zonke. Lezi amagciwane nazo zisakazeka emabulongeni.
Izifundo zitholile i-Ebola ngamapulenti amahlanu abantu abadala asezindaweni ezithintekile (eGabon naseRiphabhliki yaseCongo) ngesikhathi kuqhuma iziqu (futhi akukho noyedwa emantwini amancane). Izinga lalingaphansi phakathi kweziqhumane - futhi ngokuthakazelisayo ngisho nangaphezulu kumathonti akhulelwe: 33%.
Ama-coronaviruses
Amanye ama-virus amabili abe nomthelela wangempela futhi abe namazinga aphezulu okufa yiMERS neSARS.
Bobabili banamathele kumabulane. I-SARS ibangele ukuqhuma okukhulu kwezwe, ukuhamba okusheshayo nokubulala okuvela eChina 2002-3. Ukuvuthwa kwalo kuye kwacatshangwa ukuthi kuhlotshaniswa ngqo kumabhantshi. I-MERS ibangela ukutheleleka okunzima futhi okuvame ukubulala okubangelwa ukwehluleka ukuphefumula nokuqeda izinso futhi sekusabalalisa ezibhedlela zaseMpumalanga Ephakathi. Ixhunywe amakamela- kodwa futhi wacabanga ukuthi amantombazane adlala indima.
I-Nipah ne-Hendra Viruses
I-Nipah, igciwane eliholela ekufweni okuphezulu kubantu baseBangladesh naseMalaysia, libuye lisuka kumabulane. Isakazeka kumabhantshi kuya kubantu ngokusebenzisa i-palm palm sap ephuzwa ngamabulane bese kamuva abantu.
Kuye kwasakazwa phakathi kwamapulazi egobe eMalaysia. Isifo esivela ku-Contagion ye-movie ngenxa yalokho ongakwenza.
I-Hendra virus, eyabangela izifo ezibulalayo kubantu nakumahhashi, iboshelwe amalulwane e-Australia. Ezingu-50% zezinhlobo ze-bat ezihilelekile zazihilelekile.
Histoplasmosis
Akukhona nje amagciwane. I-fungus etholakala enhlabathini ingatholakala nakwe-droppings, i-guano. Kungabangela izinkinga zamapulmoni kanye nezinkinga zegazi ikakhulukazi kubantu abanezinkinga zesistimu yomzimba.
Ama-bats nanobe yingxenye ebalulekile yendalo yethu. Ngaphandle kwabo, ezinye izifo zingahluma, njengalabo abasakazwa yizimbungulu abazidlayo. Noma kunjalo, abazange balawule umiyane (kanye nezifo ezithathelwanayo nemibuko) njengoba nje bekulindelekile; azidli nje izinyosi ezanele.
Kubalulekile ukuthi ungathinti amabhola ongawaziyo ephephile. Bangabonakala bephilile kodwa baphathe isifo esingalindelanga. Lokhu kwenzeke ngama-rabies kodwa kungenzeka futhi nazo zonke lezi ezinye izifo.