Kunezinhlobo eziningi ezihlukahlukene kanye nezimbangela zokulahlekelwa kokuzwa. Ngokuvamile, ukulahlekelwa kwezindlebe kuhlukaniswe izinhlobo ezintathu eziyisisekelo kuye ngokuthi indawo yendlebe noma uhlelo lokuhlola olulimazayo.
Ukulahlekelwa Ukulalela Ukuziphatha
Ukulahlekelwa kwezindlebe zokudoba kubangelwa inkinga yemishini emgwaqweni kusukela emsindweni wemvelo kuya endlebeni yangaphakathi. Kungaba inkinga ngenye yamathambo amancane amancane abizwa ngokuthi i-ossicles (i-stapes, i-malleus, ne-incus), noma ezinye izingxenye zendlebe ezihluleka ukwenza umsindo kwi- cochlea .
Ngezinye izikhathi isigubhu sezindlebe asikwazi ukudlidliza umsindo kahle. Ukulahlekelwa kwezindlebe zokuziphatha kungase kube umphumela woketshezi endlebeni, ukukhubazeka kokuzalwa , umzimba wangaphandle ogcinwe endlebeni, noma ngisho ne- wax eyinqaba . Ukulahlekelwa kokuzwa okuqhutshwayo kuvame ukubuyiselwa.
Ukulahlekelwa kokuzwa kweSensorineural
Ukulahleka kokuzwa kwezwayo kwenzeka lapho indlebe yangaphakathi , i-cochlea noma i-auditory nerve ngokwayo ingasebenzi kahle. Kungabuye kubangelwe lapho izinwele ezincane-ezinjengoba zihlolwe ngaphakathi kwendlebe okuthiwa i-cilia, evame ukwenza umsebenzi wokudlulisa umsindo ngezindlebe, yonakaliswe. Lolu hlobo oluthile lokulahlekelwa kwezindlebe ngokuvamile lubangelwa umonakalo wemithi, ukulimala kokuzalwa , noma izici zofuzo. Ngaphansi kwalokho lolu hlobo lokulahlekelwa kwezindlebe lungabangelwa izidumbu, ukuvezwa okukhulu kakhulu emisindo ephakeme, ukulimala kwekhanda, noma ezinye izinhlobo zokuhlukunyezwa. Ukulahleka kokuzwa okuzwayo akukwazi ukulungiswa.
Ukulahlekelwa Ukulalelwa Okuxubile
Ukulahlekelwa kwezindlebe ezixubile kuyigama elisetshenziselwa ukuchaza ukulahlekelwa kokuzwa okubangelwa ukuhlanganiswa kokubili kokulahlekelwa kokuzwa kokuzwa.
Izimpawu Nezimpawu Zokuzwa Ukulahlekelwa
- Ingxoxo iba nzima ukuyiqonda, ikakhulukazi uma kunomsindo wesizinda.
- Ukunzima ukuqonda umsindo kuthelevishini.
- Ihluleka ukuphendula igama.
- Ucela njalo izingxoxo ukuba ziphindwe.
- I-Tinnitus, umsindo wokukhala oqhubekayo kokukodwa noma kokubili izindlebe.
- Nakuba imisindo eminingi ingathululwa, ezinye zibonakala zizwakala kakhulu futhi zingabacasula.
Imibuzo UDokotela Wakho Ungabuza
- Unomlando womndeni wezithulu noma ukulahlekelwa kokuzwa?
- Ingabe unenkinga yokuqonda izingxoxo?
- Ingabe amalungu omndeni akhononda ukuthi ugcina ivolumu kakhulu kumabonakude?
- Ingabe unamathele njalo noma uguqula ezindlebeni?
- Uke wavame ukuzwa umsindo omkhulu emsebenzini noma ngokuzilibazisa?
- Unayo umlando wezifo zendlebe ?
Ukubona Ukulahlekelwa Ukuzwa
Ukulahlekelwa kwezindlebe zokuziphatha kungatholakaliswa ngisho nokuphathwa ngudokotela we- ENT . Ngezinye izikhathi isazi sezomsakazi, isazi sokuhlola nokuphatha ukulahlekelwa kwezindlebe, kuyadingeka, ikakhulukazi uma kwenzeka ukulahleka kwezwa noma ukuxuba ukuzwa.
Udokotela wakho uzoqhuba ukuhlolwa kwangokwenyama kuqala kokuhlolwa okubili usebenzisa i-fork turning fork ukuqonda umthombo wephutha (ukuziphatha ngokubhekisele kokuzwa). Udokotela uzobona ngeso lengqondo indlebe yangaphandle bese indlebe yangaphakathi nendlebe (futhi ebizwa ngokuthi i- membrane ye-tympanic ), usebenzisa i- otoscope . Uzobe efuna i- wax indlebe eningi , izidumbu zangaphandle ezingase zikhonjiswe ngaphakathi kwendlebe, ukutheleleka, nanoma yikuphi ukulimala endlebeni yendlebe.
I- audiologist ingaqhuba ukuhlolwa kwamathoni okuzwa.
Kuloluhlolo, isiguli ngokuvamile sifakwa ekamelweni lokukhala elithule ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umsindo wangemuva awuphazamisi ukuhlolwa. I-pair of headphones izoletha amathoni ahlukene ngama frequencies namavolumu ahlukene. Lokhu kusiza ukunquma ukuthi yiliphi uhla lwamathoni kanye namafrikhthi isiguli esingakuzwa kangcono. Enye ingxenye yalokhu kuhlolwa kuhilela insimbi ebizwa ngokuthi i-bone conductor. I-conductor ye-bone iyisidingo sokuthi uma ibeke ngemuva kwendlebe idlulisa umsindo ngokudlidliza amathambo endlebe. Umqhubi wethambo uzuzisa ekusizeni isazi sezentela ukuthi sinjani uhlobo lokulahlekelwa kokuzwa kwakho.
Ukuvivinya inkulumo nakho kungenziwa ekamelweni lokukhala elithule. I-audiologist ivame ukushiya ekamelweni futhi uchungechunge lwamagama adlalwe kudivayisi yokurekhoda. Uzocelwa ukuba uphinde amagama. Amagama ahlukene azodlalwa ngezingoma ezihlukahlukene kanye nemithamo eminingi.
Ukuhlola umsebenzi wezindlebe zomphakathi, ukuhlolwa kwe-impedance kusetshenzisiwe. Ukuhlolwa kwethoni kuzophindaphindiwe futhi ngenkathi ipulazi elibekwe endlebeni liyophakamisa futhi linciphise inani lokucindezela ngaphakathi kwendlebe.
Ngezinye izikhathi imiphumela yalezi zivivinyo ihlelwe kwi-audiogram . I-audiogram ishadi elibonisa izinga lokulahlekelwa kokulalela kwendlebe ngayinye.
Ukwelashwa Ukuzwa Ukulahlekelwa
Ukwelashwa kokulahlekelwa kokulalela okuhilelekile kuhilela ukuthola impande yenkinga. Isibonelo, uma kukhona umzimba wangaphandle noma i- wax ngokweqile endlebeni, kudinga ukususwa ngumsebenzi. I-flu in indlebe ingelashwa ngemithi noma ngezinye izikhathi idonswe. Uma noma yimaphi amathambo endlebeni aphukile, ngokuvamile angalungiswa ngokuhlinzwa.
Ayikho ikhambi lokulahlekelwa ukuzwa kwezinzwa kodwa izifundo eziningi ezithembisayo zenziwa. Izinsiza zokuzwa zizuzisa ekwelapheni ukulahlekelwa kokuzwa kwezinzwa. Izinsiza zokuzwa zisebenzisa imakrofoni, amplifier kanye nesiphakamiso ukuthuthukisa umsindo futhi ziwusizo kakhulu kubantu abaye balahleka ukuzwa, hhayi labo abayizithulu. Kunezindlela eziningi ezahlukene zezindlela zokuzwa ezihlanganisa izinsiza ezigqoke ngemuva kwendlebe, endlebeni nasendlini yomlomo . Izinsiza zokuzwa nazo ziza nge-digital ne-analog. Kodwa-ke, iphesenti elincane kuphela labantu abangazuza ngokuzwa izinsiza empeleni bawasebenzisa. Abantu abaningi besaba ukuthi izinsiza zokuzwa zizokwenza kanjani zibuke futhi inhlamba ehambisana nalezi zixhobo.
Abantu abayizithulu noma abanokuzwa ukuzwa okukhulu ngezinye izikhathi bangaphathwa nge-implant cochlear. Ukufakelwa kwe-cochlear kuyisisetshenziswa esincane se-elekthronikhi esilandelayo indlebe (ingxenye yangaphandle) bese inesinye isici esakhiwa ngaphansi kwesikhumba (ingxenye yangaphakathi). Izimpande ze-cochlear azibuyiseli ukuzwa okujwayelekile futhi ziphikisana phakathi kwabantu abayizithulu. Idivaysi ishaya izingxenye zezindlebe ezonakalisiwe futhi isebenza ngokuqondile ukukhuthaza inzwa yokuhlola. I-nerve auditory ithumela isignali ehunyushwa ubuchopho njengomsindo. Kuthatha isikhathi nokuzivocavoca ukufunda ukuthi uzwa kanjani ngokufaka isihlahla esincane.
Ukuvimbela Ukuzwa Ukulahlekelwa
Imithombo ibonisa ukuthi ukulahlekelwa kwezindlebe phakathi kwabantu abasha kuyanda. Lokhu kubangelwa ukusetshenziselwa abadlali bomculo bomuntu siqu kanye nokuvezwa komsindo omkhulu emsebenzini noma ngokuzilibazisa. Ochwepheshe batusa ukuguqula ivolumu phansi nokunciphisa ukwehla. Ezinye imithi, njenge-antibiotic gentamycin, ihlobene nokulahlekelwa kokuzwa. Ezinye izici, ezifana nokulahlekelwa ukuzwa kwefa, azikwazi ukuvinjelwa.
Ukuvama kokuzwa ukulahlekelwa
Ngonyaka ka-2006, i-CDC inqume ukuthi abantu abadala abayizigidi ezingu-37 banokulahlekelwa kokulalela okungenani. Abantwana abathathu kwabangu-1 000 abazalwa e-United States bazwa ukulahlekelwa.
Nakuba kubonakala sengathi ukulahlekelwa ukulahlekelwa yilokhu kuphakama, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kunezinsuku zokuphila ezikhulayo noma ezinye izinto zobuchwepheshe buqhubeka ngokushesha ukusiza abantu abanokulahlekelwa kokuzwa. Umkhuba wokufundisa izingane ukusayina ulimi uye wazuza nomphakathi oyisithulu njengoba abaningi baseMelika befunda lolu limi. Izinhlangano ezifana ne-American-Speech-Hearing-Language Association kanye neNational Institute on Deafness and Other Disorders Disorders inikeza ulwazi olubalulekile nokusekela umphakathi.
> Imithombo:
> I-American Speech-Learning-Hearing Association. Ukuzwa Ukulalela. http://www.asha.org/public/hearing/testing/assess.htm
> I-American Speech-Learning-Hearing Association. Thayipha, u-Degree, futhi Ulungiselele Ukulahlekelwa Ukuzwa. http://www.asha.org/public/hearing/disorders/types.htm
> Amasevisi Okulawula Nokuvimbela Izifo. Ukuzwa Ukulahlekelwa Ezinganeni http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/hearingloss/facts.html
> Ukuzwa isikhungo Online.com. Ukuqonda Ukuzwa Kwakho Ukuvivinya. A. http://www.hearingcenteronline.com/test.shtml
> Medline Plus. Ukuzwa Ukulahlekelwa. http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/article/003044.htm
> Isikhungo Sikazwelonke Sokuzizwa Sokuzizwa Nezinye Izinkinga Zokuxhumana. Izimila ze-cochlear. http://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/hearing/coch.asp
> Isikhungo Sikazwelonke Sokuzizwa Sokuzizwa Nezinye Izinkinga Zokuxhumana. Ukuzwa Usizo. http://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/hearing/hearingaid.asp
> Isikhungo Sezibhedlela saseMedStar Washington. Ukuzwa Ukulahlekelwa. . http://www.medstarwashington.org/our-services/ear-nose-throat/conditions/ear-and-balance-disorders/hearing-loss/#q= {}