Ngonyaka oneminyaka emihlanu, cishe zonke izingane ziye zathola okungenani isiqephu esisodwa sokutheleleka indlebe phakathi. Izifo eziningi zezindlebe zingabhekana ngokwazo (i-viral) noma ziphathwa kahle ngama-antibiotic (amabhaktheriya). Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi, izifo zendlebe kanye / noma uketshezi phakathi nendlebe ephakathi kungase kube yinkinga engapheli eholele kwezinye izinto ezifana nokulahleka kokuzwa, ukuziphatha, nezinkinga zenkulumo.
Kulezi zimo, ukufakwa kwe-tube indlebe nge-otolaryngologist (indlebe, umphuzi kanye nomjovo ohlinzayo) kungacatshangwa.
Ama-tubes endlebe kukhona amasilinda amancane abekwe nge-eardrum (ulwelwesi lwe-tympanic) ukuvumela umoya ukuba abe phakathi kwezindlebe. Zingase zibizwa ngokuthi ama-tubmpanostomy tubes, ama-myringotomy tubes, amashubhu we-ventilation, noma ama-tub (PE).
Lezi zigaxa zingenziwa nge-plastic, metal, noma i-Teflon futhi ingaba nokugqoka okuhloswe ukunciphisa ukutheleleka okungenzeka. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyisisekelo zamatayipi endlebe: isikhathi esifushane nesikhathi eside. Ama-tubes esifushane asezincane futhi ngokuvamile ahlale endaweni ezinyangeni eziyisithupha ngaphambi konyaka ngaphambi kokuzimela eyedwa. Ama-tubes ahlala isikhathi eside amancane futhi anezikhala ezizivikeleka endaweni enesikhathi eside. Ama-tubes ahlala isikhathi eside angase avele asuke ngokwawo, kodwa ukususwa yi-otolaryngologist kuvame ukudingeka.
Ama-tubes endle avame ukuphakanyiswa lapho umuntu ezwa ukutheleleka kwezindlebe esiphakathi okuphindaphindiwe (i-otitis media) noma ukulahleka kokuzwa okubangelwa ubukhona obuphikisayo bokungena kwamanzi indlebe (i-otitis media ne-effusion).
Lezi zimo ngokuvamile zivame ukuvela ezinganeni, kodwa zingenzeka nakancane nakubantu abadala futhi zingabangela izinkinga zokukhuluma nezokulinganisela, ukulahlekelwa kwezindlebe, noma izinguquko kwisakhiwo se-eardrum. Ezinye izimo ezingavamile kakhulu ezingase zivumele ukubeka amashubhu endlebe zingumuthi we-eardrum noma i-Eustachian tube, i- Down Syndrome , i- cleft palate , ne- barotrauma (ukulimala endlebeni ephakathi okubangelwa ukunciphisa ukucindezela komoya), ngokuvamile kubonakala ngokushintsha kwezinga eliphezulu njengokuhamba ngezindiza ukuntweza emanzini.
Unyaka ngamunye, ukuhlinza okungaphezu kwengxenye yesigidi kwezigidi zendlebe kuyenziwa ezinganeni, okwenza kube ukuhlinzwa okujwayelekile kakhulu kwezingane ezenziwa nge-anesthesia. Isilinganiso seminyaka yobudala bendlebe yokufaka indlebe sinye kuya eminyakeni emithathu ubudala. Ukufaka ama-tubes endlebe kungase:
- ukunciphisa ingozi yokutheleleka indlebe esikhathini esizayo
- ubuyisele ukulahlekelwa kokuzwa okubangelwa indlebe ephakathi
- ukuthuthukisa izinkinga zokukhuluma nezinkinga zokulinganisela, futhi
- ukuthuthukisa ukuziphatha nokulala kwezinkinga ezibangelwa izifo ezingapheli zendlebe.
Ama-tubes endle afakwa ngenqubo yokuhlinzeka ngeziguli ezibizwa ngokuthi i- myringotomy . I-myringotomy ibhekisela ku-incision (umgodi) eardrum noma embundwini we-tympanic. Lokhu kuvame ukwenziwa ngaphansi kwe-microscope yokuhlinzwa ene-scalpel encane (ummese omncane), kodwa futhi ingenziwa nge-laser. Uma i-tube indlebe ingeniswa, umgodi wawuzophulukisa futhi uvale phakathi nezinsuku ezimbalwa. Ukuze uvimbele lokhu, i-tube indlebe ifakwe emgodini ukuze igcine ivulekile futhi ivumele umoya ukuba ufinyelele isikhala sensimbi ephakathi (umoya wokuphumula).
I- anesthetic ejwayelekile ejwayelekile ihlinzekwa izingane ezincane. Ezinye izingane ezindala nezindala zingakwazi ukubekezelela inqubo ngaphandle kokuhlinzekwa kwezifo. I-myringotomy yenziwa futhi uketshezi ngemuva kwe-eardrum (ngaphakathi kwesikhala sendlebe) kulandelwa.
I-tube yendlebe isabekwa emgodini. Amaconsi endlebe angenziwa ngemuva kokuba ithubhu yendlebe ifakwe futhi kungadingeka ezinsukwini ezimbalwa. Inqubo ngokuvamile ihlala ngaphansi kwemizuzu engu-15 futhi iziguli zivusa ngokushesha.
Ngezinye izikhathi i-otolaryngologist izokutusa ukususwa kwezingcubu ze-adenoid ( izicubu zethempeli e-airway engenhla ngemuva kwempumphu) lapho kutholakala indlebe. Lokhu kuvame ukucatshangwa uma ukufaka ithubhu okuphindaphindiwe kuyadingeka. Ucwaningo lwamanje lubonisa ukuthi ukususa izicubu ze-adenoid ngokuhambisana nokubekwa kwama-tubes indlebe kunganciphisa ingozi yokutheleleka indlebe okuphindaphindiwe kanye nesidingo sokuhlinzwa okuphindaphindiwe.
Ngemva kokuhlinzwa, isiguli siqashwe ekamelweni lokutakula futhi ngokuvamile sizobuyela ekhaya kungakapheli ihora uma kungekho izinkinga ezikhona. Iziguli ngokuvamile zizwa ubuhlungu obuncane noma abukho emuva kokuhlinzwa kodwa ubuhlungu, ukucasula, kanye / noma isicanucanu esivela ku-anesthesia kungenzeka okwesikhashana.
Ukuzwa ukulahlekelwa okubangelwa indlebe ephakathi kwezindlebe ngokushesha kuxazululwa ngokuhlinzwa. Ngezinye izikhathi izingane zingakuzwa kangcono kakhulu ukuthi zikhononda ukuthi imisindo evamile ibonakala kakhulu.
I-otolaryngologist izohlinzeka ngeziqondiso ezithile zokuthunyelwa kwesiguli ngesiguli ngasinye kuhlanganise nesikhathi sokuthola ukunakekelwa okusheshayo kanye nokuqokwa kwamakhasimende. Angase futhi anikeze i-antibiotic endlebeni yezindlebe izinsuku ezimbalwa.
Ukugwema amabhaktheriya okungenzeka angene endlebeni ephakathi ngokusebenzisa ithoni yokuphuza umoya, odokotela bangase batusa ukugcina izindlebe zomile ngokusebenzisa ama-earplugs noma amanye amadivaysi anamanzi ngesikhathi sokugeza, ukubhukuda nemisebenzi yamanzi. Kodwa-ke, ucwaningo lwamuva lubonisa ukuthi ukuvikela indlebe akudingekile, ngaphandle uma udilika noma uhlanganyela emisebenzini yamanzi emanzini angcolile njengamachibi nemifula. Abazali kufanele baxoxe nodokotela olaphayo mayelana nokuvikelwa indlebe ngemva kokuhlinzwa.
Ukubonisana ne-otolaryngologist (indlebe, impumulo nomjovo wezinyosi) kungase kuqinisekiswe uma wena noma ingane yakho uye wabhekana nezifo ezithe xaxa noma ezibuhlungu kakhulu, izifo zezindlebe ezingaxazululwa ngama-antibiotics, ukulahlekelwa kwezwa ngenxa yetshezi phakathi kwezindlebe, i-barotrauma, noma ube nokungajwayelekile kwe-anatomic evimbela ukugeleza kwendlebe ephakathi.
I-Myringotomy ngokufakwa kwamatayipi endlebe kuyindlela ejwayelekile kakhulu futhi ephephile enezinkinga ezincane. Uma kwenzeka izinkinga, zingabandakanya:
Ukuguqulwa - Lokhu kungenzeka uma ithubhu iphuma noma ithubhu yesikhathi eside isuswe futhi umgodi wesibhande se-tympanic (indlebe) ayivale. Umgodi ungabhalwa nge-procedure encane yokuhlinzwa ebizwa ngokuthi i-tympanoplasty noma i-myringoplasty.
Ukwehla - Noma yikuphi ukucasula kwe-eardrum (izifo zendlebe eziphindaphindiwe), kufaka phakathi ukufakwa okuphindaphindiwe kwama-tubes endlebe, kungabangela ukushaywa okuthiwa i-tympanosclerosis noma i-myringosclerosis. Ezimweni eziningi, lokhu kungabangela izinkinga zokuzwa.
Ukutheleleka - Izifo zendlebe zisengenzeka endlebeni ephakathi noma ezungeze ithubhu lensimbi. Kodwa-ke, lezi zifo ngokuvamile zivame ukwanda, ziholela ekulahlekelweni kokuzwa okuncane, futhi kulula ukuphatha - ngokuvamile kuphela ngamaconsi endlebe. Ngesinye isikhathi i-antibiotic yomlomo isadingeka.
Ama-tubes endle avela kakhulu kakhulu noma ahlale isikhathi eside kakhulu - Uma i-tube indlebe iphuma ngokushesha emgqeni wezindlebe (okungenakulinganiswa), uketshezi kungabuya futhi kuphinde ukuhlinzwa kungadingeka. Ama-tubes endlebe asele kakhulu angabangela ukuguqulwa noma kungadinga ukususwa yi-otolaryngologist.
> Imithombo:
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