5 I-Vaccines Zonke Ugogo Nomkhulu Kufanele Uthole

Ukuvikelwa Kuwe Nabazukulu Bakho

Ngenkathi abantu beminyaka yonke begula, abantu abadala kanye nezinsana ezisencane zisengozini enkulu kwizifo ezingathí sina. Ukugonywa kungenye yezindlela ezinhle kakhulu zokuqinisekisa ukuthi wena nabazukulu bakho bavikelekile ngangokunokwenzeka.

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uzokuhlangabezana nomzukulu wakho wokuqala noma okweshumi, nansi imishanguzo emihlanu okufanele ukhulume nodokotela wakho mayelana nokufika ngaphambi kwesikhathi.

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Umkhuhlane wegciwane

Ngokuphambene nalokho abantu abaningi abakubakholelwayo, umkhuhlane awuyona isifo senhliziyo noma ukubandayo okubi. Kuyingozi kakhulu-futhi ngokuvamile evuthayo-yokuphefumula igciwane.

Noma yikuphi abantu abangu-12 000 kuya ku-56,000 abantu abafa ngenxa yesifo somkhuhlane ngonyaka e-United States, futhi ngokuvamile izikhulu zezinkulungwane zibhedlela. Eziningi zalabo abafayo zikhona kulabo abanezimo zezokwelapha ezikhona ngaphambili, kodwa inamba enkulu ikhona kubantu abakhubazekile ngaphambilini.

Ukhuhlane luyinto enkulu. Kakhulu kangangokuthi umuthi wokugoma umkhuhlane okwamanje umuthi wokugoma owenzelwe njalo wonke umuntu oneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-6 ubudala, ngezinye izikhathi ezimbalwa.

Ugogo nomkhulu, ikakhulukazi, kufanele bathole umgomo wokugoma njalo ngonyaka, hhayi nje ukuzivikela, kodwa nokuvikela amalungu amancane kunawo wonke emindenini yabo. Kuze kube yilapho izingane zithola umthamo wazo wokuqala ezinyangeni ezingu-6, ziba nesihawu salabo abazungezile ukuze bathole igciwane ukuze bahlale bephephile. Kodwa ngenxa yokuthi umkhuhlane ungase ube yingozi kubantu abadala, umgomo wokugoma waminyaka yonke uyinqoba-win.

Ngisho noma kungeyona inkathi yempukane, kufanele uqiniseke ukuthi usuphethe ukuguquka komkhuhlane phakathi nezinyanga ezingu-12 ezedlule, ikakhulukazi uma uzoba nezingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-2, njengoba amagciwane e-influenza angadlulela unyaka wonke.

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I-Pertussis Vaccine aka Tdap

Uma unomzukulu omusha endleleni, kungenzeka ukuthi usuvele uceliwe ukuba uthole umgomo wokuvikela i-Tdap, ongakuvikela ezifweni ezintathu, kuhlanganise i-pertussis noma "ukukhwehlela okukhwehlelayo."

I-Pertussis ivame ukungaqondakali kubantu abadala ngoba ijwayele ukuba nezimpawu ezinzima ngaphandle kokungane. Abantu abaningi asebekhulile abaqapheli ukuthi banegciwane lesandulela ngculaza, ngokuvamile bachitha noma yiziphi izimpawu zokutheleleka njengokumane nje kuphela. Kodwa ngisho noma izimpawu zincane noma zingekho ngokuphelele, usengadlulisela amabhaktheriya kwabanye abantu, kubandakanya nezinsana ezisengozini okungaziwa ngazo ukuthi i-pertussis ingaba yingozi. Cishe isigamu sazo zonke izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka engama-ubudala ezithola i-pertussis kufanele zifakwe esibhedlela.

Umthamo wokuqala wegciwane le-pertussis unikezwa ezinyangeni ezimbili ubudala, kodwa uchungechunge luhlanganisa amanani amaningi esikhathini esingakanani, futhi akuwona amaphesenti angu-100 aphumelelayo-inamba encane yezinsana ezigonywe zingagula.

Yilapho ugogo nomkhulu-futhi wonke umuntu emndenini-ukuthola igciwane kudlalwa. Phela, uma uzivikela, uzokwazi ukuvikela abazukulu bakho.

Njengobhonasi, lo mgomo usebenza njengesixhumo sakho se- tetanus , okumele bonke abantu abadala bakuthole yonke iminyaka engu-10 noma ngaphezulu, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kunjani okhulu.

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Imithi ye-Pneumococcus

Nakuba i-pertussis ivame ukudluliselwa kubantu abadala ukuya ezincane, i-pneumococcus-ibhethri engabangela i- pneumonia , phakathi kwezinye izinto-ingadluliselwa kusukela ezincane ezincane kuya kubantu abadala.

Ezinganeni, i-pneumococcus ingabangela izifo ezincane ezifana nezifo zendlebe noma, ngokungajwayelekile, izinto ezinzulu ezifana ne-meningitis. Kodwa kubantu asebekhulile, i-pneumococcus iyimbangela ehamba phambili ye-pneumonia, okubangelwa amacala angaba ngu-900 000 njalo ngonyaka e-United States kuphela.

Nakuba amaphesenti angaphezu kuka-90 abantwana base-US abangaphansi kweminyaka engu-3 abagonywe ngokuphelele nge-pneumococcus, izinga liphansi kakhulu kubantu abadala abangaphezu kuka-65.

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zemishanguzo ye-pneumococcal, futhi kuye ngokuthi uneminyaka yakho noma isimo sezempilo, cishe uzodinga kokubili. Izincomo zale migomo zingase zibe nzima kakhulu, ngakho-ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ukhulume nodokotela wakho mayelana nokuthi ungadinga nini nokuthi nini.

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I-Herpes Zoster aka Shingles Vaccine

Uma uneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-60, kufanele ukhulume nodokotela wakho ngokuthola ukudubula kwe-shingles. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ngisho noma ngabe usuvele unamabhande okungenani kanye.

Awukwazi ngempela ukunikeza abazukulu bakho ama-shingles, kodwa ungabanika inkukhu. Kanjani? Izifo ezimbili zibangelwa igciwane elifanayo . Uma usulelekile nge-chickenpox-okuyinto cishe wonke umuntu ozalwa ngaphambi kuka-1980 bekulokhu-igciwane lihlala limile emzimbeni wakho futhi lingakwazi ukuphinde liphinde liphile empilweni ukuze kubangele ama-shingles. Futhi uma unezikhwama, ungasakaza igciwane kumuntu ongakaze abe ne-chickenpox noma ongakaqotjelwa kuwo okwamanje.

Ngenkathi kokubili izifo zishaye, ukuqhuma kwesibindi kuvame ukubuhlungu kakhulu futhi kuvame ukuba kude eceleni komzimba wakho noma kuzinzwa zakho. Ngesinye isikhathi ubuhlungu obuvela emasongweni bungadlulela amasonto, izinyanga, noma ngisho neminyaka emva kokushayeka.

I-chickenpox ezincane zivame ukuba nzima kunezinkukhu kubantu abadala noma abesifazane abakhulelwe, kodwa kungenzeka kube yingozi kakhulu. Ngaphambi kokuba kutholakale umuthi, inkukhu yezinkukhu yabangela ukufa kwabantu abangaphezu kuka-100 ngonyaka ngonyaka we-United States.

Abantwana abangaphansi kweminyaka engama-1 ubudala kanye nabesifazane abakhulelwe basengozini enkulu ekuhluphekeni okuvela ku-inkukhu, kodwa akufanele bathole umgomo ngenxa yengozi engenzeka. Kunalokho, kufanele bathembele kuwo wonke umuntu obazungezile ukuze abasize bahlale bephephile-kuhlanganise nawe.

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Imishanguzo ye-MMR-Measles, Mumps, neRubella

Uma uzalwa ngo-1957 noma kamuva futhi ungakagonywa ngokumelene nesimungumuva maduzane, ungase ufune ukuthola i-booster dose.

Izitshalo ezisetshenziselwa ukuba zivame e-United States njengesinkwa esimhlophe. Cishe wonke umuntu wayithola ngesikhathi esithile. Yilokho, kuze kufike umuthi wokugoma wegciwane lesisemungeni. Ngomkhankaso wokugoma omningi, inani lamasosha omshukela elibikwe ezweni liye lahla ngamaphesenti angu-99.

Ngenkathi amaMelika abone impumelelo enkulu ekulwa nesifo sesimungumungwane, isendaweni evamile emhlabeni wonke-kuhlanganise naseYurophu yaseYurophu-futhi iyisisusa esiholela ekufeni kwezingane ezincane emhlabeni jikelele, okubulala abantu abangaphezu kuka-100 000 ngonyaka.

Kweminye imiphakathi yase-US, inani lemindeni elincane kodwa ekhulayo likhetha ukulibala noma ukuyeka imishanguzo, futhi ngenxa yalokho, isirabelisi senza ukubuyela emuva ezweni lonke. Amantombazane ase-United States awawamukeli umgomo wokugqoka isishukela sokuqala kuze kube yizinyanga ezingu-12 ubudala, kodwa ikakhulukazi abasengozini yokugula.

Ngisho noma ungacabangi ukuthi usengozini yokudlula isishukela-noma ama- mumps noma i-rubella ngalolu daba-kusengumqondo omuhle ukuqinisekisa ukuthi usesikhathini samanje kulo mgomo, uma kwenzeka.

Izwi elivela

Iningi, uma kungeyona yonke, yale migomo iyatholakala ekhemisi yakini. Noma kunjalo, kufanele usuhlole ngomhlinzeki wakho oyinhloko ngaphambi kokuthola igciwane. Ukugonywa kuphephile kuningi labantu abadala, kodwa kuwumqondo omuhle ukuqinisekisa ukuthi awunayo i-allergies noma isimo sezokwelapha okuyokwandisa ingozi yemiphumela emibi noma ukulimala ngemuva kokuthola imithi ethile noma imithi ethile.

Umhlinzeki wakho angabuye akutshele uma kuneminye imithi okufanele uyenze ngaphezulu nangaphezulu kwalokho okubalwe ngenhla. Uma unesifo sikashukela, isibonelo, umhlinzeki wakho angase ancome ukuthi ugonywe nge-hepatitis B. Ngokufanayo, uma uyazi ukuthi uzohlala uthola izingane, ungase udinge ukugonywa kwe-hepatitis A. Umhlinzeki wakho oyinhloko wokunakekelwa angakusiza ukuthi uthola ukuthi yini okufanele uyenze nokuthi yiyiphi isimiso.

> Imithombo:

> Amasevisi Okulawula Nokuvimbela Izifo. I-Epidemiology nokuvimbela izifo ezivimbela ukugoma . Hamborsky J, Kroger A, Wolfe S, ama-eds. 13th ed. I-Washington DC Public Health Foundation, 2015.

> Amasevisi Okulawula Nokuvimbela Izifo. I-Schedule Yokugonywa Yokunconywa Yabantu Abadala Abagugile Iminyaka Engama-19 noma Abadala, Ngokugonywa Ne-Age Group, e-United States, ngo-2017.