Kungaba ngumshintshi wegeyimu
Kukhona umgomo we-Ebola. Inguquko yomdlalo.
Linda, Kanjani, Ngempela?
Azikho iziqinisekiso nge- Ebola . I-virus manje isalula ngenxa yomsebenzi wemiphakathi, ohulumeni, izinhlangano ezingekho ngaphansi kwe-NGO, izinhlangano zomhlaba wonke, nabanye abaningi. Nokho, kukhona, njalo, ingozi yokuthi ukuqubuka kungahluma futhi. Icala elilodwa elingabonakali lingakhipha olunye uketshezi lokudlulisa.
Enye ibhande ingahlwanyela isifo esisha.
Siyaqaphela manje ukuthi iNtshonalanga Afrika yayine-Ebola ngaphambili. Ukuhlukana okuhlukile, okungafani nakancane okubulalayo kwakubhalwe ngaphambilini eNtshonalanga Afrika (Tai). Kodwa-ke, uhlobo olufanayo olubulalayo olubangela ukuthi isifo se-2013-2015 siphinde sishiye izinyathelo esifundeni. Umzila ofanayo obulalayo (iZaire) ubonakala sengathi wenza amancane amancane. Lezi azizange ziqhubekele kulesi sifo esinjengonyaka ka-2014. Kodwa-ke, kunenani elungile labantu abanamagciwane okubonisa ukuthi babenezifo ezedlule nge-Ebola. Enye ibet ingabangela ukuqhuma kwesinye. Mhlawumbe kungabhebheza, mhlawumbe kuphuza, mhlawumbe kuqhume. Nokho, ukwesaba kwakuzohlala.
Imiphumela Ye-Ebola Isondela Kakhulu
Ukwesaba i-Ebola kuzohlala kunamathele ekunakekelweni kwezempilo. Lokhu kungase kubambezele ukunakekelwa - noma kubungozi impilo yabahlinzeki. Kumhlengikazi, ukusebenza okungenzeka yedwa ngezinto ezincane, lokhu kungasho ukuthi akakaze wazi ukuthi kuphephile ukusiza.
Owesifazane okhulelwe ofika emsebenzini, efuna usizo, wayengase abe ne-Ebola njalo. Ngokuvamile, wayengafuni nomhlengikazi ukuba abe ephephile. Kodwa-ke, njengoba kubonwe njengezinombolo ze-Ebola kuye kwehla, ngezinye izikhathi uma kubonakala kuphephile ukusiza, akusikho. Eqinisweni, ukutheleleka kwe-Ebola kunganciphisa umsebenzi nokusiza ukudiliva kungabeka abahlinzekeli engozini enkulu.
Ngaso sonke isikhathi lapho umhlengikazi ebona isiguli esisha esinomkhuhlane, isifo sohudo, ikhanda lokukhwabanisa, noma ukuqubuka, kungaba khona u- malaria , i-typhoid, ikholera, i- Lassa , isisimungumane noma noma yikuphi ukutheleleka. Izikhathi eziningi bekungeke kube yi-Ebola, kodwa bekuyoba khona ithuba lokuthi kungaba yi-Ebola, esanda kuvuselelwa noma ukusabalalisa ngokuthula. Lokhu kungase kubambezele ukunakekelwa kwezinye izifo ezithathelwanayo.
I-Ebola ngaphambilini ingavinjelwa kuphela ngokusebenzisana nemiphakathi nemitholampilo ukukhawulela ukusakazeka kwayo. Izinketho zokwelashwa zalinganiselwe futhi abaningi bafa. Abaningi babesaba ukufuna ukwelashwa lapho abaningi befa khona; abanye babekuphika. Ngenxa yokuthi bekungeke kube nemphutha nge-Ebola, ukumbesa konke nge- Ebola-ephephile imishini yokuzivikela kwakudingeka, kepha lokhu kwakudlulela ngokweqile ngemali nangokomzwelo emiphakathini. Ukusebenzisa gear ephelele yokuzivikela zonke iziguli isiguli kunzima kakhulu. Kunzima ngisho nakakhulu emitholampilo lapho kungekho khona amanzi okudingeka akhiphe ukukhipha amagciwane nge-disinfection, kungavumeli ukuthi ukugcinwa kwezinto zonke kudingeke .
Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukusongelwa kwe-Ebola kungase kutholakale lesi sifundazwe eminyakeni ezayo. Zonke ukusebenzisana kwezokwelapha, konke okungcwatshwa khona, kungase kube yinto encane kakhulu, kodwa engokoqobo, engozini.
Manje sekukhona indlela entsha yokubhekana ne-Ebola.
Kungase kube yindlela yokuqeda i-Ebola.
Lapha Kuphi lapho i-Vaccine ifika khona
Umuthi wokugoma uzovumela abasebenzi bezempilo ukuba bavikeleke kakhulu uma belapha izifo ezivame ukuthatha izimpilo ezingaphezu kuka-Ebola - kusukela e-malaria kuya ezingozini kuya ezinkingeni zokubeletha. Ukugonywa kwabasebenzi bezempilo kuzonciphisa ingozi.
Ukugoma amalungu omphakathi jikelele kungasiza ekuvimbeleni ukuqhuma kwesinye. Akuwona wonke umuntu odinga ukugonyelwa umgomo wokusiza ukuvikela isifunda. Ukuzivikela komzimba kungasiza ekudaleni izibhamu ukuze kungabikho ukuqhuma okungaholela ekubhubhiseni okukhulu njengokwenza ngo-2013.
Umgomo ungasetshenziselwa "izindawo zokuhlala" lapho kubonakala khona amacala kubantu, besebenzisa indlela yokugoma indandatho esetshenziselwa ukuqothulwa kwezinambuzane, lapho labo abahlala ezindaweni ezizungeze ukuqubuka noma umuntu ogulayo bajozwa.
Akukho lutho oluzobe luphelele. Kodwa lo mgomo unesithembiso esikhulu.
Uhlobo Luni Lwegciwane?
Umgomo ubizwa ngokuthi umuthi wokugoma we-rVSV-ZEBOV. Umjovo owodwa we-dose womgomo yiwo wonke okudingekayo esikhathini esifushane. I-rVSV igciwane elingangena emaprotheni avela ku-Ebola ukuze isimiso somzimba samasosha omzimba singenza impendulo kuso - ngaphandle kokuba sibhekane ne-Ebola ngokwayo.
Ingabe Umuthi Wokugoma Ungabangela I-Ebola?
Umgomo awuqukethe i-Ebola. Iqukethe kuphela i-glycoprotein eyodwa etholakala e-Ebola; hhayi bonke abangu-7 . Lokhu kusho ukuthi umgomo awukwazi ukudala ukutheleleka kwe-Ebola.
Isebenza?
Kubonakala sengathi isebenza kahle. Ucwaningo olubonisa ukusebenza kwalo eGuinea lwanyatheliswa eLancet . Kulabo abasheshe bagonywe, akekho owenziwe nge-Ebola ezinsukwini eziyishumi zokuqala (okuyinto isikhathi esiphakathi phakathi kokuchayeka nokutheleleka). Labo abakha i-Ebola ngaphambi kwezinsuku ezingu-10 okungenzeka ukuthi sebevele benesifo uma begonywe. Abanye bahlakulela i-Ebola abangazange bagonywe ekutadisheni - noma ngenxa yokuthi babengenakuvunyelwa, bakhetha ukungabi khona, noma bekungama-cluster okungahleliwe ukuba agonywe kamuva (emva kwezinsuku ezingu-21).
Bazi kanjani ukuthi kusebenza?
Abalobi besifundo seLancet benza okuthile okuhlakaniphile. Izivivinyo zegciwane zivame ukuthatha iminyaka, ziqhubeka kusukela ku-Phase I kuya ku-II kuya ku-III. Iqiniso lokuthi kuthatha isikhathi esingaphansi konyaka owodwa ukusuka ekuhlolweni kweSigaba I kuya ku-III kuyamangalisa.
Lokhu akusilo isifundo sokuqala kulo mgomo. Kube sekukhona izilingo ezingu-8 ze-Phase I ezibonisa ukuthi lo mgomo wawubonakala uphephile. Kwakukhona ukukhathazeka ngokuthi ngabe imiphumela emibi evela emthonjeni ingaba yinkinga, ikakhulukazi i-arthritis, nokuthi ngabe i-arthritis yayiyohlala isikhathi eside. Kwakukhona futhi kwezinye izimo ama-muscle aches kanye nokushayeka kwe-vasculitic. Kodwa-ke, umuthi wokugoma wawubonakala sengathi ubekezeleleke kahle.
Kungaba nzima ukukhombisa ukuthi umgomo uvimbele ngempela ukutheleleka ezweni langempela - futhi hhayi nje ngokwemfundiso. Njengoba isikhathi sidlula futhi lesi sifo sasilawulwa kangcono, kwakukhona amacala ambalwa futhi ambalwa. Kungaba nzima ukukhombisa ukuthi umuthi wokugoma wawuvikela uma ukuhlolwa kungasetshenziswa ngokushesha.
Kunzima futhi ukuhlela ukuhlolwa kwegciwane ngokusheshisa ngokwanele ukumisa amacala okwenzekayo, ngenkathi futhi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi zonke izivikelo ezidingekayo zikhona. Ngokuyinhloko, lokhu kusho ukucabangela kokuziphatha okudingekayo ukuze kube njalo phambili ekuqalisweni kwecala nokusetshenziswa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlolwa kungenziwa kuphela uma abacwaningi bengasazi ukuthi ukungenelela kuzosiza, njengoba kungenakuphika noma yikuphi usizo olwaziwa luzuzisa. Ngakho lapho icala libonakala liphumelele, alikwazanga ukuqhubeka nokuphika umuntu ogonywa ngokushesha.
E-Sierra Leone, ukuhlolwa okufanayo kwesiguli esifanayo kwaqalwa phakathi kwabasebenzi bezempilo, kodwa kwakukhona amacala ambalwa ngisho namacala ambalwa phakathi kwabasebenzi bezempilo, ababenezinto zokuzivikela kanye nokuqeqeshwa okudingekayo ukuze bahlale bephephile. Ayikho isilingo esingasetshenziswa lapho abasebenzi bezempilo bengatholakali khona i- PPE (imishini yokuzivikela) kanye nezinhlelo ezidingekayo ukuze zihlale ziphephile. Ngenxa yalokho, kubonakala kunenhlanhla ukuthi bekungeke kube khona amacala e-Ebola enkambeni yesifundo sokuthi ngabe kukhona okuye kwashiywa.
Ngokufanayo, eLiberia, ukuhlolwa kwesigaba sesibili se-vaccine efanayo kwaphumelela, kodwa kwakungacaci ukuthi kuzoba yini amacala e-Ebola ezweni ukuze abonise ukusebenza kahle komgomo.
Kulesi sivivinyo, lokho abacwaningi abakwenzayo okuhlakaniphile kwakuwukusebenzisa ukugoma kwendandatho. Lokhu kufana nethuluzi lokuqeda elisetshenziselwa insiphox. Bayazi ukuthi abasengozini enkulu ye-Ebola yibo ababexhumana nabo abanezifo ezine-Ebola. Kungenzeka ukuthi bangenwe yigciwane lesandulela ngculaza, abanye abaguliswe isiguli noma ngisho nangomuntu othelele isiguli. Abacwaningi bahlela ukukhomba amaqoqo abo bonke othintana nabo kanye noxhumana nabo oxhumana nabo ngesiguli ngasinye esandulelekile esibonisiwe. Kusuka kuleli qembu, amanye amaqoqo aphethwe ngokushesha, amaqoqo amancane agonywa emva kwezinsuku ezingu-21, abanye abantu babengenakuvumelekile (abakhulelwe, ukuncelisa, abangaphansi kweminyaka engu-18 njll), kanti abanye bakhetha ukungena noma abazange bahileleke.
Akekho wabantu abangu-2014 ngokushesha abagonywe bagula emva kwezinsuku ezingu-10. Kulabo abasheshe bagonywe, abambalwa (4) bagula nge-Ebola ezinsukwini ezimbalwa zokuqala (okungukuthi izinsuku ezingu-0-6 emva kokugoma, okusho ukuthi umuthi wokugoma ungase ungasebenzi ngokushesha, ikakhulukazi uma ngabe usuvele usulelekile futhi ufaka igciwane ). Kulabo abangazange bahlolwe ngokushesha, kunezifo phakathi kwalabo ababehlelwe ukuthola umuthi kamuva, ngosuku lwamacala angu-21 kuya kwangu-16 phakathi kwama-2380. Kwakukhona nokutheleleka phakathi kwalabo ababekelwe ukuthola umuthi ngokushesha, kodwa abangazange: 6 kwabangu-1021. Kwakunezifo phakathi kwalabo ababengavumelekile (2/1088 phakathi kwalabo abasemahlathini okugoma ngokushesha kanye no-5/1148 phakathi kwalabo ababeseqenjini lokugoma).
Lokhu kwakungolwazi olwanele ukuthi lo mgomo wawuphumelele ukuvimbela i-Ebola. Icala laliyimpumelelo futhi ngokwemvelo kwakungekho isizathu sokubambezela ukugoma omunye umuntu.
Ingu-100% esebenzayo?
Kwezinga elithile, ngeke sazi ukuthi umgomo usebenza kanjani. Idatha esiyibonayo manje ibonisa ukuthi kwakungekho amacala emva kwezinsuku ezingu-10 ekugonyeni. Kukhona izifo phakathi kwalabo abahlelelwe ukugoma ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingu-21 naphakathi kwalabo abahluleka ukuthola imithi yabo yokugoma.
Ucwaningo lwayeka ngoba idatha ikhombise impumelelo enkulu yokugoma. Kubonakala sengathi kwakungalungile ukuvimba umgomo kunoma ubani omunye. Labo abelinde izinsuku ezingu-21 ukuthola umgomo, kunqunywe, akufanele balinde isikhathi eside. Umuthi wokugoma wabonakala usebenza kahle futhi ukulinda kwakungabonakali ukuziphatha.
Lokhu akusho noma kunjalo uma umuthi wokugoma usetshenziswa ukuthi wonke umuntu uzovikelwa 100%. Asazi ukuthi ingculazi ihlala isikhathi eside kangakanani. Asazi ukuthi abanye abantu bazohluleka ukuphendula. Amasosha omzimba angase ahluke ngendlela abaphendula ngayo ngokugoma kwe-VSV - ngokusekelwe kumagciwane, ukutheleleka okudlule, ezinye izici ezithinta isimiso somzimba sokuvikela omzimba njengama-co-infections noma ukudla okunomsoco.
Siyazi nje ukuthi kulolu cwaningo, lapho abantu babengabantu ababeka engozini yangempela ye-Ebola eNtshonalanga Afrika, yilo kuphela labo abathola umuthi ngokushesha ngemuva kokucatshangelwa ukuthi babengenazo izifo ezinsukwini eziyishumi kamuva.
Kuyini iRVSV?
I-VSV (vesicular stomatitis virus) ilungu lomndeni wegciwane likaRhabdoviridae, okubandakanya i-rabies. Akuyingozi njengama-rabies, kodwa angathinta izilwane eziningi - ikakhulukazi izilwane zasepulazini, njengezinkomo, amahhashi, nezingulube. Igciwane liphinde litholakale kumagundane nezinambuzane, okucatshangwa ukuthi yindawo, ikakhulukazi ama-sandflies mhlawumbe nezinkumbi. I-VSV ibangele ukutheleleka okubukeka nje njengesifo somlenze nomlomo kulezi zilwane. Kungasakazeka kubantu - ngokuvamile kungabangeli izimpawu, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi ukugula okunjenge-flu, ne-lymph node ukuvuvukala. Akubonakali ukusakazeka phakathi kwabantu. Akuzange kube yisifo esidabukisayo kubantu.
I-rVSV esetshenziselwa ukugoma iVSV ephindaphindiwe. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kwakukhona i-glycoprotein G (esetshenziselwa ukungena kwamagciwane) ishintshwe nge-Ebola eyodwa glycoprotein (GP).
Ingabe i-rVSV isetshenziswa kwezinye izitofu?
I-VSV ihlolwe ukuthi ingasetshenziswa kwezinye imithi - njenge-Virus virus efanayo, kanye nezinye izinhloso, njenge-Hepatitis B, i-Hepatitis C, i-SARS, nezinye izifo eziningi ezikhulelwe, kanti ngisho nokulwa nezinye umdlavuza.
Isikhathi Sokuqala Sisebenza Kuphi?
Kubonakala sengathi umgomo usebenza kahle uma unikezwa okungenani izinsuku ezimbalwa, mhlawumbe ngeviki, ngaphambi kokuvezwa, kodwa kungase kube nenye inzuzo ngisho nangabe kunikezwa ngokushesha ngaphambi (noma mhlawumbe ngisho nangemva kokuvezwa - kodwa asazi okwamanje). Kulesi sivivinyo, kwakukhona amacala angu-4 kulabo abagonywe futhi kungenzeka ukuthi sebevele banegciwane lesandulela ngculaza, njengoba behlakulele ukutheleleka ngosuku 0, 2, 6 no-6.
Ngokufanayo, ucwaningo lubonise ukuthi uma umuthi owodwa wokugoma owenziwe izinkawu (macaque) izinsuku ezingu-7 (kodwa hhayi izinsuku ezingu-3) ngaphambi kokujova nge-Ebola, le monkey yayivikelwe. Ezinye izinkawu zanikezwa umgomo ezinsukwini ezingu-7; abanye 28, 21, 14, noma izinsuku ezintathu ngaphambi kokuba i-monkey ijowe nge-Ebola; abanye banikezwa umuthi wokuthola elinye igciwane (Marburg). Bonke labo abagonywe ngesisindo esisodwa seviki ngaphambi kokujova ukuze basinde. Kulezo zinsuku ezintathu, 1 washona, 2 babulala; iqembu le-placebo (Marburg) lonke lashona.
Umuthi wokugoma wawubonakala ubangela ukuphendula kwegciwane lesandulela ngculazi kanye nesinyathelo esisheshayo. Kodwa-ke, ngokuvamile, izimpendulo ze-antibody zibonakala zidlala indima enkulu endleleni umgomo osebenza ngayo.
Ingabe I-Vaccine Ikhona?
Umgomo awukakenziwa kabanzi. I- WHO ne-GAVI bayasebenza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umgomo uyatholakala.
Ingabe Yona Owodwa Umgomo Ongafinyeleleka?
Kwakunezilingo kwezinye izinhlobo zemithi. Lezi zihlanganisa eyodwa ene-adenovirus vector evivinyelwe eLiberia ukuze ivikeleke, kodwa ngaphandle kokuhlolwa okuphumelelayo. Esinye isilingo sigxile emgodini wokugoma okhushulwayo, osekelwa uJohnson noJohnson no-Oxford University, okumele kube nokuhlolwa kweSigaba II ku-2015. Umuthi wokugoma wokukhuphula udinga okungaphezu kweyodwa umthamo ukuze usebenze.
Le migomo, noma kunjalo, kuze kube yimanje ayinayo idatha yokusekela ukuthi umgomo wokubamba i-rVSV wenza ngalesi sikhathi.