I-pneumonia

Ngokuningiliziwe kwe-Pneumonia

I-pneumonia yisifo esithinta izigidi zabantu ngonyaka ngamunye. Nakuba kungenye yezimbangela eziyishumi zokufa phakathi kwabantu abadala uma zihlangene nomkhuhlane, ukuqina kwayo kungashintsha kakhulu. Kunezinhlobo eziningi ezahlukene ze-pneumonia futhi kuthinta abantu bazo zonke ubudala. Njengoba kujwayelekile-kepha ngokuvamile kuvamile, udinga ngempela ukwazi ukuthi kuyini, ukuthi wenzeni uma uthola, nokuthi ungakuvimbela kanjani.

Kuyini Isimpumoniya?

> Buka ukukhiqizwa kwe-airways kanye ne-pus yokukhiqiza nge-pneumonia.

I-pneumonia isifo noma ukuvuvukala kwemaphaphu. Ingathinta ingxenye eyodwa yamaphaphu akho (lobar pneumonia) noma izigaba kuzo zombili amaphaphu (multilobar pneumonia). Uma une-pneumonia, ama-air sacs emaphashini akho agcwaliswa ngamapulisi noma ezinye iziphuzo kanye ne-oksijini inenkinga yokufinyelela igazi lakho.

Ubani Othintekayo?

Abantu beminyaka yonke bangathola i-pneumonia.

• Ukuthi Isifo Se-Pneumonia Sitholaphi

• I-Mycoplasma noma i-Walking Pneumonia: Okufanele Ukwazi

Labo abasengozini enkulu bahlanganisa:

• Noma ubani oneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-65 ubudala
• Noma ubani onesivikelo somzimba sokuzivikela
• Izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka emibili ubudala
• Noma ubani onesifo senhliziyo noma sephaphu
• Noma ubani onokudakwa ngokweqile
• Noma ubani onokwehluleka kwezinso
• Noma ubani one-HIV
• Noma ubani onesifo sikashukela
• Amazwe ase-Alaskan kanye nabantu abathile baseMelika aseMelika

Izimbangela ze-Pneumonia

I-pneumonia ingabangela noma iyiphi inombolo yezinto. Ngokungafani nezifo ezivame kakhulu ezinezizathu ezihlukile (umkhuhlane ubangelwa igciwane lesandulela ngculazi, umgudu we-strep ubangelwa amabhaktheriya we-streptococcus, njll.), Isibhamu singabangelwa amagciwane, amabhaktheriya, amafungus, ama-mycoplasma, noma ngisho namakhemikhali.

• Izinhlobo ezingu-7 ze-Pneumonia Okufanele Uzazi

Indlela I-Pneumonia Isakazwa Ngayo

Ezimweni eziningi, abantu bathola i-pneumonia ngoba banezinye izifo zokuphefumula ezifana nomkhuhlane. Uma izivikelo zomzimba zomuntu zibuthakathaka ngubhubhane, amabhaktheriya angahlasela emaphashini futhi abangele i-pneumonia. Kwezinye izimo, amagciwane angadluliselwa kusuka kumuntu kuya komuntu, okwenza ukuba i- pneumonia isakaze emoyeni. Lokhu kuvame kakhulu nge-mycoplasma pneumonia.

Okufanele Ukulindele

Izimpawu zesifo se-pneumonia zingase zihluke kuye ngokuthi yini ebangela lokho, kodwa ezinye izimpawu ezivamile zingabandakanya:

• Ukukhwehlela okubuhlungu
• Ukukhwehlela okukhiqizayo
• Fever
• Ukuphefumula noma ukuphefumula okubuhlungu, ikakhulukazi uma kuvuselelwa

Amacala amaningi adinga imishanguzo yokwelashwa, ngakho-ke kumele ubone udokotela ukuthi atholakale enesifo se-pneumonia. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungase udinge oksijeni noma imithi eyengeziwe ezokusiza ukuba uphefumule kangcono. Futhi nakuba abantu abaningi bekwazi ukwelashwa ekhaya, abanye abantu badinga ukuhlala esibhedlela.

Ubude bezimpawu

Isikhathi esiphezulu se-pneumonia sihluka kuye ngokuthi hlobo luni kanye nempilo yakho yonke ngaphambi kokugula.

Ngokusho kwe-American Lung Association, "abantu abanempilo eningi abaphulukana ne-pneumonia ngamasonto amathathu kuya kwamatsatfu, kepha ukugula kungasongela ukuphila." Iningi lezinkinga ze-pneumonia zebhaktheriya zixazulula ukwelashwa emavikini amathathu kuya kwamathathu.

I-Mycoplasma pneumonia , eyaziwa nangokuthi "ukuhamba" i-pneumonia, ingahlala amasonto amane kuya ayisithupha. I-pneumonia eyi-viral ingakwazi ukuhlala isikhathi eside kakhulu kepha ngokuvamile ayinzima kakhulu njenge-pneumonia yebhaktheriya.

Uma Ucabanga Unayo I-Pneumonia

Uma ucabanga ukuthi ungase ube ne-pneumonia, thintana nomhlinzeki wakho wokunakekela impilo noma ufune usizo lwezokwelapha. Umhlinzeki wezempilo kuphela ongakwazi ukuhlola i-pneumonia futhi anqume uhlelo olufanele lokulashwa . Ukwelashwa kuzokwenziwa ngokubangela imbangela nokuqina kwesifo.

Uma uthola ukuthi ulashwa, uphathwa futhi ungapheli kahle ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa ngama-antibiotic (ikakhulukazi uma une-pneumonia ye-bacterial), noma uthuthukise izimpawu ezintsha, xhumana nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo.

I-pneumonia iyimbangela ehamba phambili yokufa okuvimbela ukugonywa e-United States.

Nakuba kungenakuvinjelwa amaphesenti angu-100 yesikhathi, kukhona umgomo okhona ukuze usize abantu abasengozini enkulu bagweme ezinye zezimbangela ezinkulu kakhulu.

Ongakwenza Ukuvimbela I-Pneumonia

Uma ungekho eqenjini eliphakeme kakhulu, izinyathelo ezilula zokuzivikela ekuguleni-njengokugeza izandla zakho, ukugwema abantu abagula kakhulu, nokuthola imithi yakho yokugoma-ingahamba ngendlela ende.

Nakuba umgomo wokugoma awuvimbeli i-pneumonia (ivikela kuphela umkhuhlane), uhlinzeka ngokuvikeleka okuthile ngoba isibungu sesifo se-pneumonia ngokuvamile siyisifo somkhuhlane. Uma ungakwazi ukugwema umkhuhlane, amathuba okuthola i-pneumonia anciphisa. Abantu abasemaqenjini aphezulu kufanele baphinde bagonywe ngaphezu kokuthola umgomo wokugoma.

Kukhona umgomo wokugonywa kwe-pneumonia izingane (i-PCV13) enikezwa njengengxenye yokugonywa kwabantwana abangaphansi kweminyaka emibili. Ivikela ama-bacteria ayishumi nambili e-pneumococcal okuyizona ezibangela kakhulu ukugula ezinganeni.

Enye imithi yokugoma i-pneumonia, i-PPSV23, itholakala kubantu abadala nabantwana abangaphezu kweminyaka emibili futhi kunconywa kubantu abanezinkinga ezingelapheki zezokwelapha ezibabeka engozini enkulu futhi kubo bonke abantu abadala abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65.

• I-brronchitis vs. Pneumonia: Indlela Yokutshela Ngokwehlukile

• Ukuphefumula Pneumonia: Ukuvimbela, Ukukhomba Nokuphathwa

Lo mgomo uvikela izinhlobo ezingu-23 ze-pneumonia ye-pneumococcal.

Uma ungaqiniseki uma udinga ukugonywa kwe-pneumonia noma cha, khuluma nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo. Umgomo we-PPSV23 uyatholakala kubantu abadala kuma-pharmacy amaningi.

Kuyini Ukuguquka Kwesivunguvungu?

Nakuba ama-antibiotic afana ne-penicillin ayekade ephumelela kakhulu ekwelapheni i-pneumonia , lesi sifo siye sashintsha futhi amabhaktheriya amaningi abangela ukuthi aphikisana namagciwane anamuhla. Yingakho kubaluleke kakhulu ukugonywa ngalesi sifo esibi kakhulu.

Ubani Okudingayo Ngayo Nini?

Buza udokotela wakho uma isikhathi esihle kakhulu sokugonywa ngukuthi. Izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka emibili kufanele zibe negciwane elibizwa ngokuthi i-Prevnar (i-PCV) izikhathi ezine ngaphambi kokuzalwa kwabo kwesibili ukuvimbela ukugula okungathí sina okuvela e-pneumonia. Ngokujwayelekile, umthamo owodwa kuphela wokugoma kuyadingeka kubantu abadala. Noma ubani osezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu kufanele abe nomgomo wokuphefumula nge-pneumonia.

Isiphi Isikhathi Sesibili Sokugoma Kwe-Pneumonia Kuyadingeka?

Nakuba abantu abaningi abadala bedinga kuphela umthamo owodwa wokugonywa kwe-pneumonia, abanye bangadinga umthamo wesibili ukuvikelwa ngokwanele. Lokhu kuhlanganisa:

• Umuntu oneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-65 ubudala owayenezidakamizwa zokuqala ngaphambi kweminyaka engama-65 nangaphezulu kweminyaka emihlanu edlulile kusukela ekutholeni
• Noma ubani one-pleen eyonakele noma engekho
• Noma ubani one-sickle cell isifo noma umdlavuza
• Noma ubani one-HIV
• Noma ubani onokwehluleka kwezinso noma isifo se-nephrotic
• Noma ubani oye waba nokuguqulwa komnkantsha noma umzimba
• Noma ubani othatha izidakamizwa zokuzivikela, njenge-steroids ende noma i-chemotherapy

Ngabe Kufanele Kuphi Isimo Sokubili?

Noma ubani oneminyaka engaphansi kwengu-10 edinga umthamo wesibili angayithola ngemva kweminyaka emithathu ngemuva kokuthatha umthamo wokuqala. Noma ubani oneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-10 edinga umthamo wesibili angayithola eminyakeni emihlanu emva kokuthatha umthamo wokuqala.

Izimpande Zemizwa Yomgomo

Imiphumela emibi eya kwi-PPV ngokuvamile ilula kakhulu; kubhekwa njengomuthi wokugoma ophephe kakhulu. Noma kunjalo, imiphumela emibi ejwayelekile ifaka phakathi:

• Ubuhlungu noma ubomvu endaweni yomjovo
• Fever
• Ama-muscle aches

Ukusabela okuvamile kwe-allergenic kuvamile ukuba kubikwe, kepha kungenzeka ukuthi izinkinga ezinkulu kakhulu, kuhlanganise nokufa, zingabangela kulo mgomo, njenganoma yimiphi imithi. Kodwa-ke, ingozi yezinkinga ezinkulu ezivela kulesi sifo iphezulu kakhulu.

Izwi elivela

Nakuba isibungu sesifo esibuhlungu singasongela ukuphila, abantu abaningi abayitholayo. Kubalulekile ukunaka izimpawu zakho futhi ufune ukunakekelwa kwezempilo uma udinga. Uma unenkinga yokuphefumula noma ubuhlungu ukukhwehlela, xhumana nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo.

Uhlelo lwakho lwezokwelapha luzoxhomekeka kukuphi uhlobo lwe-pneumonia olutholakala ukuthi unawo, ngakho qiniseka ukuthi ulandela iseluleko somhlinzeki wakho futhi uthathe noma yimiphi imithi njengoba kunqunyiwe. Uma udinga ukuthatha ama-antibiotics, thatha konke; ungayeki ukuthatha nje ngoba uzizwa ungcono. Lokhu kungasho ukuthi ukwelapha kancane kancane ukutheleleka kwakho nokuthi amabhaktheriya angathuthukisa ukumelana nemithi elwa namagciwane .

> Imithombo:

> Ukuvimbela i-Pneumonia. I-American Lung Association. http://www.lung.org/lung-health-and-diseases/lung-disease-lookup/pneumonia/preventing-pneumonia.html. Ifinyelele ngo-Julayi 17, 2016.

> Isitatimende Sokwaziswa Ngezifo (VIS). "Umuthi Wokugoma I-Pneumococcal Polysaccharide - Okudingeka Ukwazi. 29July1997. UMnyango WezeMpilo Nezikhungo Zabantu Ngezifo Zokulawulwa Kwezifo Nokuvimbela Uhlelo Lokugoma Isifo. /nip/publications/vis/vis-ppv.pdf>.

> Kuyini Isifo Somoya? - NHLBI, NIH. http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/pnu. Ifinyelele ngo-Julayi 17, 2016.

> Wunderink RG, i-Waterer GW. Umkhuba wokwelapha. I-pneumonia etholakale umphakathi. N Engl J Med . 2014; 370 (6): 543-551. i-doi: 10.1056 / NEJMcp1214869.