Ngokusho kweNational Cancer Institute, umdlavuza webele we- invasive uthinta cishe owesifazane kwabayisishiyagalombili base-US, kanti amaphesenti angaba ngu-5 kuya kwangu-10 azo zonke izinhlobo zomdlavuza webele.
Njengamanje, abantu abaningi bajwayelene ne-BRCA1 ne-BRCA2 yokuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo, ezithatha ukuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo-noma okungafani nokulandelana kwe-DNA-okwandisa ingozi yokuthuthukisa umdlavuza webele.
Ngokwezibalo ezivela ku-National Cancer Institute, oneminyaka engama-70 ubudala, amaphesenti angu-55 kuya kuma-65 amaphesenti abesifazane abazuze i-BRCA1 yokuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo futhi cishe amaphesenti angu-45 abesifazane abathola i-BRCA2 yokuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo cishe izohlolwa ngomdlavuza webele. Kuze kube manje, ukuguqulwa kwe-BRCA1 ne-BRCA2 kwakha cishe amaphesenti angu-20 kuya kuma-25 amaphesenti azo zonke izinhlobo zomdlavuza webele.
Kodwa le datha kuphela ibheka ingxenye encane yabesifazane abazokwakha lesi sifo. Ingabe ososayensi banoma yikuphi ukukhetha ukuhlukahluka kofuzo noma izici ezingase zithinte indima ekuthuthukiseni umdlavuza webele? Empeleni, zikhona.
Ukufunda Okubili Ukukhanya Kokukhanya Kwezinguquko Ezintsha Ze-Gene
Ngo-Okthoba 2017, izifundo ezimbili zanyatheliswa emaphephandabeni e- Nature and Nature Genetics , ngokulandelana, okwabika ngokutholakala kwezinguquko ezingu-72 ezazingakaze zithole ukuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo ezandisa ingozi yowesifazane yokuthuthukisa umdlavuza webele. Ithimba lamazwe ngamazwe, elaqhuba izifundo, libizwa ngokuthi i-OncoArray Consortium, futhi lihlanganisa abacwaningi abangaphezu kuka-500 abavela ezingxenyeni ezingaphezu kuka-300 emhlabeni jikelele-lolu cwaningo luyakhulunywa njengesifundo somdlavuza webele kakhulu emlandweni.
Ukuqoqa ukwaziswa kwalolu cwaningo, abacwaningi bahlaziya idatha yezofuzo zabesifazane abangu-275,000-abangu-146 000 abaye bathola ukuxilongwa ngomdlavuza webele. Leli qoqo elikhulu lwazi lusiza ososayensi babone izingozi ezintsha ezenza abanye besifazane bangene emdlalweni webele futhi banganikeza ukuthi kungani izinhlobo ezithile zegciwane zingaphezu kanzima ukwelapha kunabanye.
Nakhu okunye okushiwo ngokucwaninga okubalulekile:
Ezicwaningweni ezimbili, abacwaningi bathola inguquko engu-72 entsha yokuguqula izakhi zofuzo ezithinta umdlavuza webele wesifo.
Ukuthola lezi zinguquko zofuzo, abacwaningi bahlaziya i-DNA yamasampula egazi kwabesifazane abathintekayo esifundweni; cishe isigamu sithole isifo somdlavuza webele. I-DNA yalinganiswa ezindaweni ezingaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-10 kulo lonke i-genome ekufuneni izinkomba ezicashile zokuthi ngabe i-DNA yabesifazane abaye bathola ukuthi banesifo somdlavuza webele ihlukile ngendlela ehlukile ku-DNA kulabo ababengazange bahlolwe.
Ezingu-72 abahlukahlukene abacwaningi abazitholile, ezingu-65 zazo zazihlobene kakhulu nengozi yokukhula komdlavuza webele.
Izinhlobo eziyisikhombisa ezisele zihambisana nomngcipheko ophakeme wokuthuthukisa umdlavuza webele we-hormone-receptor-negative. I-American Cancer Society ichaza lolu hlobo lomdlavuza webele ngokusho ukuthi, "Amakhansela webele we-hormone-negative (noma ama-hormone-negative) awasho ama-estrogen noma ama-progesterone receptors. Ukwelashwa ngezidakamizwa zokwelapha i-hormone akusizi ngalutho kula makhansela. "Ngamanye amazwi, lezi zinguquko zofuzo zingabangela uhlobo lomdlavuza webele lapho izidakamizwa ze-hormone nemithi yokwelapha, njenge-Tamoxifen noma i-Femara, enganele.
Uma kufakwe ezithombeni zangaphambilini, lezi zitholakele ezintsha ziletha inani eliphelele lokushintshashintsha kwezakhi zofuzo ezihambisana nengozi eyengeziwe yokuthuthukisa umdlavuza webele kuze kube ngu-180.
Njengoba kushiwo kulolu cwaningo, ukuhlukahluka kwezakhi zofuzo okusanda kutholakala kwandisa ingozi yowesifazane yokuthuthukisa umdlavuza webele ngamaphesenti angama-5 kuya ku-10%. Ngenkathi lezi zinguquko zingenalo ithonya njenge-BRCA1 ne-BRCA2, ucwaningo lukhombisa ukuthi lezi zinhlobonhlobo ezincane zingaba nethonya eliyinkimbinkimbi kulaba besifazane abanakho, okungabandisa amathuba okuthuthukisa lesi sifo.
Lokho okushiwo abesifazane besengozini yokuthuthukisa i-Hereditary Breast Cancer
I-Breastcancer.org, inhlangano engenzi inzuzo eyinikele emkhankasweni wokuqoqa ulwazi nokudala umphakathi kulabo abathintekayo umdlavuza webele, ukwabelana ngalolu lwazi, "Abantu abaningi abahlakulela umdlavuza webele abanalo umlando womndeni wesifo.
Kodwa-ke, uma umlando oqinile womdlavuza webele kanye / noma ovunguvungu ukhona, kungase kube nesizathu sokukholelwa ukuthi umuntu uzuze ifa elingavamile elihlobene nengozi yomdlavuza webele. Abanye abantu bakhetha ukuhlolwa kokuhlolwa kofuzo ukuze bathole. Ukuhlolwa kofuzo kuhilela ukunikeza isampula segazi noma isimiso esingacutshungulwa ukuze kuthathwe noma yikuphi okungajwayelekile kulezi zakhi zofuzo. "
Njengamanje, ukuvivinya kwezakhi zofuzo ezivame kakhulu zalesi sifo kuyi-BRCA1 ne-BRCA2 yokuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo. Kodwa njengoba isayensi ithumela okunye okwenziwe ngezakhi zofuzo ezihlobene nomdlavuza webele, udokotela wakho angancoma ukuthi aqhubeke nokuhlolwa nomeluleki wezakhi zofuzo . Uma umlando wakho womuntu siqu noma womndeni ukhombisa ukuthi ungaba umthwali wezinye izifo ezingezansi zofuzo, iphaneli yezakhi zofuzo ezengeziwe ingaba yinzuzo kuwe. Njengoba intuthuko emkhakheni wezakhi zofuzo iqhubeka, izinqubo zokuhlola okunembile kuzovumela ukutholakala kwangaphambili kwezinkinga zempilo yomdlavuza wesifuba, indlela engavamile yokunakekela, nezinketho zokwelashwa ezingcono.
Zikhona Izindlela Zokuvimbela Abesifazane Abangathatha?
I-Breastcancer.org incoma ukuthi abesifazane abaqaphela ukuthi banezakhi zofuzo ezihlobene nomdlavuza wesifuba baqaphele ukusebenzisa izinyathelo zokuvimbela ezilandelayo ukunciphisa ingozi :
Gcina isisindo ebangeni eliphilile
Yenza ohlelweni oluvame ukuvivinya umzimba
Gwema ukubhema
Cabanga ukunciphisa noma ukuqeda udoti
Yidla ukudla okunomsoco ocebile
Amasu okuvimbela okungeziwe angabandakanya:
Qala ukuhlolisisa umdlavuza webele wesifo ngesikhathi sokuqala, kuye ngomlando womndeni wesifazane
Ukwelashwa kwama-Hormonal
- I-mastectomy ye-prophylactic, noma ukususwa kokuhlinzwa kwamabele okuphilile
Izwi elivela
Umlando womndeni wesifazane ngamunye uyingqayizivele, ngakho-ke akukho ukulingana komuntu oyedwa-konke okuvimbela noma ukwelapha umdlavuza webele wesifo. Uma usengozini yokuthola umdlavuza webele webele, yiba nomthelela futhi ukhulume nodokotela wakho mayelana nokunciphisa kangcono ingozi yesifo futhi, uma kunesidingo, ukungenelela kwezokwelapha okufanelekile.
Uma kufanele uzithole ubhekene nesifo sokuxilongwa kwesifo somdlavuza webele webele, finyelela kwabanye ukusekela. Umphakathi wesifo somdlavuza wesifuba uphumelela, futhi ugcwele abanye besifazane abanamandla kunabo bonke ozohlangana nabo. Bazokukhuthaza ekuhambeni kwakho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusekelwa okungeziwe kunganciphisa imizwa yokuzihlukanisa okungase ivele ngesifo somdlavuza webele.
> Imithombo:
> Isibeletho se-Breast Cancer Hormone Receptor. I-American Cancer Society website. https://www.cancer.org/cancer/breast-cancer/understanding-a-breast-cancer-diagnosis/breast-cancer-hormone-receptor-status.html
> Amaqiniso esitatimende seKhansela: I-Female Breast Cancer. I-National Cancer Institute iwebhusayithi. https://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/breast.html
> Michailidou K, Lindstrom S, uDennis J, et al. Ukuhlaziywa komphakathi kuveza ingozi engama-65 yomdlavuza webele webele. Imvelo. 2017. ini: 10.1038 / nature24284
> Milne RL, Kuchenbaecker, KB, Michailidou K, et al. Ukuqhathaniswa kwezinhlobonhlobo eziyishumi ezihlobene nengozi yesifo somdlavuza wesifuba se-estrogen-negative. I-Nature Genetics. 2017. ini: 10.1038 / ng.3785
> Ukufundwa Kuthola 72 Ukuguqulwa KwamaGene Omusha Okuxhunyaniswe Ngomdlavuza Webele. Iwebhusayithi yeBreastcancer.org. http://www.breastcancer.org/research-news/72-new-genetic-mutations-linked-to-bc-found