Uhlobo lwezidakamizwa nombala weso linganquma isikhathi
Ukunciphisa abafundi bamehlo kusiza i-ophthalmologist ukubuka izakhiwo zangaphakathi, kufaka phakathi i-lens, i-optic nererve, imithwalo yegazi kanye ne-retina. Ukuxilonga kuhilela ukusebenzisa amaconsi ehlose akhethekile angakhuthaza ukuchotshozwa kwemisipha ezungeze umfundi futhi uvuselele imisipha ukuze ivulekele.
Ukuxilonga kuyisici esiyinhloko sokuhlolwa kwe-eye okuphelele , okuvumela odokotela ukuba babone futhi bahlolisise izinkinga zamehlo ezingase zingaboni. I-American Academy of Ophthalmology manje isikhuthaza ukuthi abantu abadala bahlale behlolwa njalo kusukela eminyakeni engama-40.
Ukuqonda umfundi
Umfundi ufana nokuvula ikhamera ngoba kuba mkhulu noma encane, kuye ngokuthi kubaluleka kangakanani ukukhanya. Ukuze wenze lokhu, umfundi uzothola i- miosis , lapho ukuqhutshwa komfundi kuveze ukuthi kuvalwe, noma i- mydriasis , lapho ukuqhutshwa komfundi kuvumela khona ukuvula.
Ubukhulu bomfundi bulawulwa yizo zombili isimiso sezinzwa zomzwelo ("impini noma indiza" impendulo) kanye nesistimu ye-neasympathetic yesisindo (impendulo evumelana lapho umzimba unciphisa imisebenzi ephezulu yamandla).
Ubukhulu bomfundi bangashintsha ngezizathu eziningi. Kungalungiswa ekuphenduleni inani lokukhanya elivezwe kulo. Kungashintsha futhi lapho umuntu ejabule, njengokuphendula ngesenzo sobulili, noma ubhekene nokucindezeleka ngokomzwelo. Kukholelwa ukuthi impendulo noma "ukulwa noma ukushayela" kuyisimo sokuziphendukela kwemvelo, okuvumela ukukhanya okungaphezulu kweso ukuze umzimba ukwazi ukusabela kalula ngokulimala okungenzeka.
Isikhathi esivamile soMfundi wokuhlukumeza
Ukunciphisa amehlo kuyingxenye ebalulekile yokuhlola iso. Kuhilela ukuphathwa kwamaconsi amabili noma amathathu alawulwa ngqo emehlweni. Kuncike kulokho udokotela azama ukufeza nokuthi ngabe umfundi ukhulu kangakanani, izinhlobo ezahlukene zamaconsi eziso zingasetshenziswa, kubandakanya:
- I-Phenylephrine
- I-Tropicamide
- I-Hydroxyamphetamine
- I-Cyclopentolate
- Atropine
Amaconsi ejoka afakwa kuwo womabili amehlo ukuze i-retina, i- macula , ne-optic nerve ihlolwe ngokucophelela besebenzisa ukukhanya okugcinwe ngesandla nokukhulisa lensi. Ngenkathi ukuxilwa ngokwayo akusizi ubuhlungu, kungabonakala kungakhululekile njengoba iso lingenayo indlela yokuzivikela ekukhanyeni.
Ngemuva kokuhlolwa kwehlohlo elihlotshisiwe, abafundi bakho bazohlala bevulekile amahora amathathu kuya kwangu amane, ngezinye izikhathi isikhathi eside. Lesi sikhathi siyahlukahluka ngohlobo lwamaconsi asetshenzisiwe, kanye nombala wamehlo akho. Ngokuvamile, amehlo enombala omnyama anezikhathi ezincane zokuphuza, kuyilapho amehlo enemibala ekhanyayo angase ahlale evulekile amahora ayisishiyagalombili.
Izingane, okwamanje, zivame ukuhlanjululwa ngamaconsi amakhulu ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukunemba kokuhlolwa. Akuvamile ukuthi ezinye izingane zivuke ekuseni ngemuva kokuhlolwa nabafundi babo bevulekile.
Isikhathi esingavamile sobudlelwane bomfundi
Iningi, kodwa hhayi yonke, amaconsi abangela umphumela ohlangothini obizwa nge- cycloplegia . I-Cycloplegia yisifo sokukhubazeka okwesikhashana semisipha evumela iso ukuba ligxile ezintweni eziseduze. Kwamanye abantu, lesi sici singaphelela amahora. Kwabanye, kungathatha izinsuku eziningana ukuze lo mbono uqiniseke ngokugcwele.
Kunezimo lapho udokotela efuna ukukwenza nge-intention nge-cycloplegia. Esinye isibonelo esinjalo kubantwana abancane abanamandla okugcizelela ukuthi ngokuvamile kunzima ukulinganisa umbono wabo noma iphutha lokuziphendulela . Amaconsi aseCycloplegic angasetshenziselwa ukuhlola izifo noma ukuhlukunyezwa okubangelwa ubuhlungu obukhulu nokuzwela okukhanya. Esinye isimo esinjalo sibizwa nge- uveitis , ukuvuvukala kwesendlalelo esiphakathi kweso (uvea).
Odokotela bezilwane zezingane bangase basebenzise ukuphatha isimo esibizwa ngokuthi iso elibucayi lapho umntwana eba nombono oncishisiwe nganoma yisiphi isizathu sezizathu. Lezi zinhlobo zamaconsi anqunyelwe isikhathi esiningi, kuze kube izinyanga ezimbalwa kwezinye izimo.
Kubantu abaningi, umphumela ohlangothini uyinkimbinkimbi kodwa awuxoliseki. Ukubhekana nombono ozwakalayo nokuzwela ukukhanya, izibuko ezilahlwayo zivame ukuhlinzekwa ukusiza ukunciphisa ukunganaki kwesikhashana. Ngokungafani nezibuko ezivamile, lezi zivimbela ukukhanya komngcele kusuka ohlangothini lwamalensi kanye nangaphambili.
> Imithombo:
> Cunningham, E. and Riordan-Eva, uP. Vaughan & Asbury's General Ophthalmology. (Ukukhishwa kwe-18). I-New York: I-McGraw-Hill Medical; 2011; I-ISBN 10: > 0071634207,
> I-National Eye Institute: Izikhungo Zikazwelonke Zempilo. "Kuyini ukuhlolwa kwe-eye dilated olunzulu?" I-Bethesda, e-Maryland; 2014.