Ngo-Mashi 15-17, 1917, endlini yokuhlala eClifton Springs, eNew York, abantu abayisithupha bahlangana ukuze bathole iNational Society ye-Promotion of the Occupational Therapy. Ukusetshenziswa kwemisebenzi bekulokhu kukhula kusukela ekuqaleni kwekhulu leminyaka, kodwa lo mhlangano uthathwa njengesisekelo somsebenzi omusha.
Namuhla, ukwelashwa komsebenzi kuhlanganisa umhlaba wonke.
E-US kuphela, isebenzisa abantu abangaba ngu-140 000 futhi ingenye yemisebenzi ekhula ngokushesha eMelika.
Abasunguli bahlanganisa umqondo wezifo zengqondo, unobhala, uthisha, isisebenzi senhlalakahle kanye nabakhi ababili. Ngamunye wayekholelwa ukuthi ukunakekelwa okuhlinzekwe ezibhedlela kwakunganele. Babekholelwa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwemisebenzi yokuhlala isikhathi seziguli kwakungakwazi ukuthuthukisa inqubo yokuphulukisa.
Qaphela ukuthi unyaka osungula uhambelana ne-US engena eMpini Yezwe I, ezoletha izidingo ezintsha namathuba kulo msebenzi wokubuthwa. Futhi, phawula ukuthi abathathu abasunguli abayisithupha babengabesifazane-isilinganiso esiphawulekayo sokucabangela ukuthi kuyoba iminyaka emithathu ngaphambi kokuba i-US ibone ilungelo lomuntu lokuvota.
UGeorge Edward Barton: Umdwebi kanye nesifo sofuba isiguli
UGeorge Barton, kanye noWilliam Rush Dunton Jr., wayengumsunguli wabasunguli. Yena noDunton bathumela izimemo kwamanye amalungu amane.
UBarton wayengumakhi wezakhiwo, owakhulelwa isifo sofuba kanye nokukhubazeka kwesokunxele. Kamuva, wachitha isikhathi esiteshini sokuhlushwa futhi waxhaswa yizimo.
Ngesikhathi esesitokisini, wakha nesithakazelo ekusetshenzisweni komsebenzi ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yokunakekelwa nokukhishwa kokulungiswa.
Wathembisa ukuthi uzochitha impilo yakhe yonke "enikezwe ukukhulunywa kwabagulayo nabakhubazekile." Wasekela i-Consolation House, eyisibonelo sokuqala esikhungweni sokuvuselela indawo, lapho enza khona ukwelapha emsebenzini.
UDkt William Rush Dunton, Jr.'s: The Psychiatrist
UDunton wayengudokotela owakhonza njengoMongameli wokuqala weNational Society ukukhuthazwa kwe-Occupational Therapy. Wasebenza esikhungweni sikaJohn Hopkins School of Medicine kanye nodokotela osizayo eSheppard Asylum.
UDunton wasebenzisa imisebenzi yakhe kanye namakhasimende akhe futhi wabona okusemandleni kulo mkhuba. Phakathi nemisebenzi yakhe, wabhala ngokucacile ngomsebenzi, ebhala izincwadi ezingaphezu kuka-120 nezihloko ezihlobene nokwelapha emsebenzini. Imisebenzi emikhulu yayihlanganisa I-Principles of Occupational Therapy (1918), I- Reconstruction Therapy (1919), ne-Prescribing Occupational Therapy (1928).
USusan Cox Johnson: Uthisha
USusan Johnson waqeqeshwa njengomfundisi futhi waqala umsebenzi wakhe ngokufundisa ubuciko esikoleni esiphakeme kanye nemiklamo yaseBerkley, eCalifornia. Wabe eseya ePhilippines ukuze afake imishini emincane yokufundisa. Wabuyela e-US ngonyaka ka-1912 futhi wathola umsebenzi njengoMqondisi weKomidi Lesisebenzi (uMnyango Wezinsizakalo Zomphakathi waseNew York State).
USusan waqhubeka nokufundisa ukwelapha emsebenzini emnyangweni wezokwelapha e-Columbia futhi uhlele futhi aqondise umnyango wezokwelapha emsebenzini eMontfiore Home naseSibhedlela. Wabuye wabhala izihloko eziningi mayelana nokwelapha umsebenzi weSibhedlela samanje .
UThomas Bessell Kidner: Omunye Umqambi
UThomas Kidner usebenze njengoMongameli weNational Society for the Promotion of Occupational Therapy kusukela ngo-1923-1928. Wahlala eCanada futhi wayenguNobhala Wezobuchwepheshe Wezibhedlela ZaseCanada zaseCanada. I-Kidner idalwe ngokuthi isakhiwo sokuthuthukiswa kanye nomsebenzi womphakathi, ngokudala ukubhaliswa kukazwelonke nokubeka amazinga emfundo yezokwelapha.
U-Isabel Barton wathi lokhu ngoKidner, "Wayengumuntu othakazelisayo, ngakho-ke uBrithani kakhulu, ngisho nasekusongweni kwejazi lakhe lasekuseni, ibhulukwe elinemibala, i-collar kanye ne-tie. Wayegcwele ubufakazi futhi yena noMnu. Barton babehlala ndawonye njengama-raconteurs. "
U-Isabel G. Newton: UNobhala
Ngo-1916, u-Isabel wayesebenza njengomgcini wezincwadi esitshalweni sokulondoloza nokusika, lapho ethola ucingo oluvela kuGeorge Barton ukukala isithakazelo sakhe sokuba unobhala we-Consolation House. Baqhubeka beshada. U-Isabel wasebenza kanye naye ekufundiseni izakhamizi zaseContolation House, kwaze kwaba sekufeni kukaBarton ngo-1923. Ngo-1968, wabhala incwadi ethi The American Journal of Occupational Therapy - "Consolation House, eminyakeni engama-50 eyedlule" -ukubhala izinkumbulo zakhe ngayinye wabasunguli.
Eleanor Clarke Slagle: Umsebenzi Wezenhlalakahle
U-Eleanor Clarke Slagle uthatha izifundo ezenhlalakahle (kubandakanya izinkulumo ezivela kuJane Adams) ngenkathi ngo-1911, wagcwalisa izifundo zeCreative Occupations and Recreation at the Chicago School of Civics and Philanthropy. Phakathi neminyaka embalwa, waba umqondisi wophiko lwezokwelapha emsebenzini eJohn Hopkins, eBoston, ngaphansi kuka-Adolf Meyer, omunye umgqugquzeli wokuqala wezokwelapha.
Wabuyela eChicago ngo-1915 futhi wamisa uHenry B. Favill School of Occupations futhi waqondisa isikole kusukela ngo-1915 kuya ku-1920. Ukusuka lapho, wathuthela eNew York ukuyosebenza njengomqondisi wezokwelapha emnyangweni weNew York State uMental Hygiene .
U-Eleanor wakhethwa njengomphini kaMongameli we-Society for the Promotion of the Occupational Therapy ngo-1917 wabe esesebenza ehhovisi ngalinye elitholakalayo phakathi kuka-1917 no-1937.
I-Slagle ibhekwa njengomama wezokwelapha emsebenzini. I-American Occupational Therapy Association minyaka yonke ibamba i-Eleanor Clarke Slagle Lecture ngokuhlonipha kwakhe. Ukuphumelela kwakhe akuzange kuqaphele ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwakhe: u-Eleanor Roosevelt wakhuluma edilini lakhe lomhlalaphansi.