Abantu abayisithupha bahlangana ngo-March 1917 ukuze basebenzise iNational Society ye-Promotion of the Occupational Therapy. Lezi zithandathu zibizwa ngokuba yizona ezisungula ukwelashwa emsebenzini.
Kodwa, ukukhula nokuzikhandla okuzungezile ukusetshenziswa kwemisebenzi njengoba ukwelapha ukwelashwa akuzange kwenziwe kuphela ngabantu abayisithupha. Indlela emkhatsini womhlangano ongu-6 amadoda nabesifazane abafana nemisebenzi emkhakheni okhulayo eminyakeni engu-100 kamuva kunabantu abaningi abazinikezele endleleni.
Ngokuhlonishwa okukhulu, uSusan Elizabeth Tracy, uHerbert J. Hall, MD, no-Adolf Meyer babe nomthelela omkhulu kulo lonke unyaka wokuqala wezokwelapha. Bonke abathathu babexhumana njalo nabasunguli abayisithupha nanamuhla, iminikelo yabo ilandelwa kalula, njengoba bonke babhala imisebenzi ephawulekayo eyasiza ukuqhubela phambili ukwelapha emsebenzini.
Ukuzijwayeza ngemisebenzi yabo, kanye nalaba bantu abathathu, kubalulekile ekuqondeni ukukhula kokwelapha emsebenzini.
USusan Elizabeth Tracy
USusan Tracy wamenywa ukuba abe yingxenye yeqembu lokusungula, kodwa wayefundisa inkambo emsebenzini futhi wayengakwazi ukuya khona. Ngakho-ke, uSusan ubhalwe njengenhlangano yokufaka esikhundleni sokusekela.
U-Tracy waqeqeshwa njengomhlengikazi futhi wayesebenzisa imisebenzi neziguli ukusheshisa inqubo yokuphulukisa (nokuqeqesha abanye abahlengikazi ukuba benze okufanayo) ngasekuqaleni kuka-1905.
Abaningi basunguli babegxila ekuhloleni ukusetshenziswa kwelashwa lokusebenza kulabo abanezimo zempilo yengqondo.
U-Tracy wabona uhlelo olubanzi kakhulu. Ngo-1910, washicilela incwadi ethi Studies in Invalid Occupation . Izihloko zesahluko zencwadi yakhe zikhomba, emazwini kaTracy, angazuzisa ekusebenziseni imisebenzi: izingane ezijwayelekile, izikhundla ezikhawulelwe, ngokuhlukanisa, izifundo ezinikezwe ngesandla esisodwa, umfana ogulayo, esibhedlela, ugogo, osomabhizinisi, amandla okunciphisa, ngesikhathi sokulinda, ngaphandle kokubona, ingqondo ephahliwe.
UHerbert J. Hall, MD
UHerbert Hall waphothula ngo-1885 ngesidingo sezokwelapha esivela eHarvard. IHholo lalinesithakazelo ekudidiyeleni i-Arts and Crafts Movement emithi. Umsebenti wakhe wemtholampilo wagxila ekumeni nasekuqondiseni "ukwelashwa komsebenzi" njengokwelashwa kweziguli ezinezinkinga zesifo. Wavula i-workshop eMassachusetts lapho eqasha khona izingcweti ukuze afundise ukugqoka izandla, ubumba, izinto zensimbi nezinkuni. Ngo-1905 no-1909 Hall wathola izibonelelo zamaRandi ezingu-1000 kusukela eHarvard ukusiza ekutadisheni ukwelashwa kwe-neurasthenia ngokusebenzisa umsebenzi.
Ngenxa yezizathu engingathanda ukuzenza, ukuphakanyiswa kwakhe kokufakwa kuNational Society for the Promotion of Occupational Therapy kunqatshelwe nguWilliam Rush Dunton.
IHholo laqhubeka njengomengameli we-American Occupational Therapy Association kusukela ngo-1920-1922.
IHholo elibhalwe izincwadi ezintathu ezisekhona kubafundi: I-Mind Untlasted, Umsebenzi Wezandla Zethu: Isifundo Sezenzo Zokungavumeli, Nemisebenzi Yemizi Yabantu Abakhubazekile .
Adolf Meyer
UMeyer wayengumhlengikazi owaziwayo wezifo zengqondo engxenyeni yokuqala yekhulu le-20 leminyaka. Usebenze njengengqondo yesifo sengqondo kanye nesikhulu esibhedlela saseJohn Hopkins iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-30 futhi wayengumongameli we-American Psychiatric Association kusukela ngo-1927-1928.
Ukuvezwa kukaMeyer nesithakazelo emisebenzini yesiguli kwaqala ekuqaleni kuka-1892 futhi kwaxoxwa ngawo kwelinye lamaphepha okuqala ayethula e-US
E-John Hopkins, waqasha u-Eleanor Clarke Slagle njengoMqondisi we-Occupational Therapy. I-Slagle, manje ethathwa njengomama wezokwelapha, ibiza uMeyer njengethonya elikhulu emsebenzini wakhe.
UMeyer wabhala i- Philosophy of Occupational Therapy futhi wayethumela emhlanganweni wesihlanu weNational Society ukugqugquzelwa kwe-Occupational Therapy. Ingcaphuno engezansi ichaza ukuqonda kukaMeyer of psyhcobiololgy-umqondo owawuthinta-lapho umqondo wezifo zengqondo wacabangela izici zezinto eziphilayo, ezenhlalakahle nezingokwengqondo zomuntu lapho ebeka ukwelashwa.
Ukuqonda okuphelele kweziguli zakhe kwakuhambisana kakhulu nesithakazelo sakhe ekwelapheni komsebenzi.
Umzimba wethu awuyona nje amakhilogremu amaningi kakhulu enyama nasetheni ebonakala njengomshini, onomqondo ongafihliwe noma umphefumulo ongeziwe kuwo. Kuzo zonke izilwane eziphilayo zithinta ngesigqi sayo sokuphumula kanye nomsebenzi, ukushaya isikhathi (njengoba singase sithi) ngezindlela eziningi kangaka, eziningi ziqondakala kalula futhi ziqhakaze ngokugcwele uma zizizwa njengezinye zazo - ukuguqula energy-transformers ezakha izwe langempela lezidalwa eziphilayo.