Uma ungakhetha ukwelapha kunokwelashwa kunqenqemeni, ungathanda?
Lapho kwenzeka ukugula okubi kakhulu, iziguli eziningi kanye nabathandekayo babo bafuna ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu. Kwabaningi, lokhu kusho ukutholakala okungenele okuqinisekisiwe nokuphephile. Kodwa incazelo ye-'the best 'futhi' ephezulu kakhulu kuze kube yimanje 'ihlukile kubantu abahlukene.
Ucwaningo lwezokwelapha luhamba ngesivinini esisheshayo. Ososayensi bezokwelapha bathola izindlela ezintsha zokwelapha izifo ezingathatha iminyaka ukuqinisekiswa nokubona sengathi ziphephile ngokwanele umphakathi. Inqubo yokwakha ukwelashwa okusha ngokuvamile idinga ukuhlolwa okulinganiselwe kokuhlolwa. Uma ukwelashwa okusha okulungele iziguli zangempela eziphilayo, izisebenzi zokuvolontiya zivame ukuqashwa ukuze zihlolwe ukuthi ukwelashwa okuphephile futhi okuphumelelayo ngokusebenzisa izivivinyo zomtholampilo .
Yiziphi Izivivinyo Zomtholampilo?
Izivivinyo zemitholampilo yizilingo ezenzelwe ukunquma ukuthi imithi emisha noma ukwelashwa kusebenza kanjani. Isisekelo sanoma yiluphi uhlolo lwezokwelapha luyisiqhathaniso phakathi kwamaqembu amabili abahlanganyeli - ngokuvamile iqembu elilodwa elithola uhlobo lokungenelela kanye nelinye iqembu elitholayo ukungenelela okuhlukile noma ukungeneleli. Ukwelashwa kanye nedatha zihlolwe ngokucophelela yiqembu elicwaninga bese lihlolwe ukuhlola umehluko emiphakathi phakathi kwamaqembu amabili.
Ubani Owengamela Izivivinyo Zomtholampilo?
Ukwamukelwa nokuqondiswa kwezivivinyo zemitholampilo akunamandla kakhulu - kudinga izicelo ezivame kakhulu nokuvunyelwa emazingeni amaningi. Abacwaningi kumele babe nolwazi futhi bafanelekele ukuthola imvume yokuqalisa ukuhlolwa kwemitholampilo. Ngokuvamile, isibhedlela noma umyunivesithi noma umkhiqizi wezokwelapha udinga idatha yokuqapha ngokuphepha, ngezinye izikhathi athola ukuhlolwa kwesilwane, ngaphambi kokuvumela isifundo somuntu.
Ngokuvamile, inhlangano ephethwe yinhlangano, efana ne-Federal Food and Drug Administration inikeza ukuqondiswa nokuhlelwa okuhlelekile.
Ubani Ohlalela Izivivinyo Zomtholampilo?
Izinkampani zokwelapha, abakhiqizi bezokwelapha, izibonelelo zikahulumeni, izisekelo noma izinsizakalo ezingenzi inzuzo zivame ukukhokhela izindleko zokuhlola. Ngezinye izikhathi, ucwaningi ososayensi emayunivesithi bathola izimali ezivela kumunye noma ngaphezulu kula mithombo futhi bangasebenza ngokubambisana namaqembu avela emitholampilo eminingi.
Izinzuzo
- Ezinye izilingo zinikeza ukubuyisela iziguli zezindleko zezokwelapha noma isinxephezelo semali.
- Amavolontiya anethuba lokuzama izindlela ezintsha zokwelapha.
- Amavolontiya akudingeki aphuthelwe emitholampilo emisha nje ngoba ayengavunyelwe 'okwamanje.'
- Ezinye izisebenzi zokuzithandela azikho ezinye izindlela zokwelashwa ngaphandle kokwelashwa kokuhlola uma ubhekene nesimo sokubikezela okubi.
- Amavolontiya angakwazi ukuqeda ukubamba iqhaza nganoma yisiphi isikhathi uma bengathandi ukungenelela.
- Ukuhlolwa kungase kudinge ukuvakashelwa nokuqapha okungaphezulu kwempilo, futhi ngaleyo ndlela kungenzeka ukunakekelwa komuntu siqu nokunakekelwa kwezempilo okungcono njengenzuzo 'eyakhelwe ngaphakathi'.
- Amanye amavolontiya ayawazisa ithuba lokudlala indima ebambe iqhaza ekuthuthukisweni kwesayensi.
I-Cons
- Kweminye imizamo yokucwaninga, ukuphepha akusekwe kahle.
- Izinzuzo zezokwelapha eziningi zokuhlola aziqinisekisi kahle.
- Kuningi okungaziwa.
- Amavolontiya kanye nabahlinzeki babo bokunakekelwa kwezempilo bangase bangazi ukuthi bayiseqembu lezokwelapha noma iqembu elingekho ukwelashwa.
- Amavolontiya angase athole umphumela we-placebo. Umphumela we-placebo uvela uma othile enempawu (kungenzeka ukuthi zihle noma zimbi) ngenxa yezilindelo ezihlobene nokwelashwa noma ukungahambi kokwelashwa.
- Ukuhlolwa kungadinga ukuvakashelwa nokuqapha okungaphezulu kwezempilo, okungadla isikhathi.
Ungayithola Kanjani Isivivinyo Sokugula?
Kwezinye izimo, udokotela wakho angase akhombise isilingo somtholampilo ukuze akunike ukufinyelela kokwelashwa okungenzeka ungakwazi ukuthola.
Ungacela udokotela wakho uma kukhona ukwelashwa okuhlolwayo okufanelekelayo. Ungasesha futhi iwebhusayithi yesibhedlela noma iwebhusayithi yevesunivesithi eziseduze ngokufuna 'izivivinyo zemitholampilo,' noma 'ucwaningo.'
Ungabheka izilingo ngokusebenzisa i-National Institute of Health noma i-National Institute of Health isayithi lelwazi lesiguli. Futhi, amaqembu achwepheshe akhethekile angabhala izinsiza zezifo ezithile. Isibonelo, i-American Academy of Neurology inikeza ulwazi mayelana nocwaningo lwe-stroke. Izinhlangano ezingenzi inzuzo nezisekelo eziqondene nezifo zingasiza ekuhlinzekeni isiqondiso esithile uma zixhaswa ukuhlolwa kwemitholampilo.
Izwi elivela
Kwabanye, ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu kusho ukuthi kuphephile futhi kutholakala kakhulu okutholakala. Kwabanye, ukungenelela okungcono kakhulu kusho okuzungezile kakhulu-noma yikuphi - ngisho noma kungazange kuvivinywe futhi kuqiniswe noma kuboniswe ukuthi kuphephile.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uzibheka kuphi embukisweni, akusizi neze ukuzwa mayelana nokwelashwa kokuhlolwa kokugula kwakho, futhi ukufunda ngabo akudingi ukuba ubhalise.
Izinsiza ezengeziwe:
- I-National Institute of Health - I-NIH Clinical Research Trials nawe
- I-ClinicalTrials.gov iyi-registry kanye nemininingwane yedatha yokusekela esidlangalaleni futhi isesekelwa ngasese ngezifundo zomtholampilo zabahlanganyeli bomuntu abaqhutshwa emhlabeni jikelele.
- Izivivinyo zemitholampilo - i-American Academy of Neurology