Umnikelo wokukhomba ukuthi imbangela ye-AIDS isagcwele ukungqubuzana
Umlando we-HIV uyinkimbinkimbi. Ngasekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-1980, kwaziwa kancane ngesifo esingaqondakali esasibulala izinkulungwane zabantu abazivikela ngamasosha omzimba abawa phansi ngokuphumelelayo, ebashiya besengozini yokuhlukumezeka.
Omunye walaba ososayensi ovezwe ukuthola imbangela yalesi sifo- igciwane lesandulela-ngculazi (i-HIV) -nguRobert Gallo, owabambisana nabashicileli bakhe, washicilela ucwaningo lwabo kumagazini weSayensi ekuqaleni kuka-1984.
Ngakho-ke, ngo-2008, lapho iNobel Prize for Medicine yanikezwa abafaki beFrance abahlangene uLuc Montagnier noFrançoise Barré-Sinouss i, ngabe uGallo akafakiwe yini?
Umsebenzi Wokuthoma Ekutholeni Ukutholwa kwe-HIV
URobert Charles Gallo wazalwa ngo-1937 futhi, ngemva kokuhlala kwakhe kwezokwelapha eYunivesithi yaseChicago, waba umcwaningi e-National Cancer Institute, isikhundla esabeke iminyaka engu-30. UGallo uyavuma ukuthi isinqumo sakhe sokuphishekela umsebenzi womcwaningi womdlavuza sithinte kakhulu ekufeni kade udadewabo emdlalweni.
Ucwaningo oluningi lwe-Gallo ne-Institute lugxile kwi- T-cell leukocytes , i-subset yamangqamuzana egazi elimhlophe okuyisisindo sempendulo yomzimba yomzimba. Ucwaningo olusisekelo luholele uGallo neqembu lakhe ukuba bakhule ama-T-cell futhi bahlukanise ama-virus abathintekayo, kuhlanganise nomunye okuthiwa igciwane lesifo se-T-cell leukemia (noma i-HTLV).
Ngenkathi izindaba ze-"gay cancer" engaqondakali zabikwa okokuqala e-US ngo-1982, uGallo kanye neqembu lakhe banaka ukukhomba ukuthi yini ababekholelwa ukuthi i-agent egazini eyenza ukuphulukiswa okusheshayo kwama-T-cells ezigulini ezigulayo nokufa.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo uMontagnier nomngane wakhe uBarré-Sinoussi we-Institut Pasteur nabo babephishekela lokho ababekholelwa ukuthi yiyimbangela yegciwane ababeyibiza ngokuthi i- AIDS (i-immune deficiency syndrome) . Ukucwaninga kwabo kwaholela ekutholeni lokho ababekubiza ngokuthi i-lymphadenopathy virus ehambisanayo (i-LAV), abayiphakamisayo yimbangela yalesi S AIDS ngo-1983.
U-Gallo neqembu lakhe bahlukanisa igciwane babhala i-HTLV-3 futhi bashicilela uchungechunge lwezihloko ezine, basho iziphetho ezifanayo njengoMontagnier nomngane wakhe uBar-Sinoussi.
Kwakuse-1986 kuphela ukuthi ama-virus amabili-i-HTLV-3 ne-LAV-aqinisekisiwe ukuthi ayigciwane elifanayo, ngemva kwalokho labizwa ngokuthi i-HIV.
Ukutholwa kwe-Co-Discover kuholela ekuphikisweni kweNobel
Ngo-1986, uGallo wanikezwa i-Lasker Award ehloniphekile yokutholakala kwe-HIV. Ukuhlukana kwaphazamiseka ngandlela-thile engabonakali kaGallo encwadini inoveli Futhi iBhange Lidlalwe nguRandy Shilts, kanye ne- HBO TV movie yegama elifanayo .
Ngo-1989, umlobi wezokuphenya uJohn Crewdson washicilela isihloko esithi uGallo waphatha kabi amasampula we-LAV kusukela ku-Institut Pasteur, amacala ayewaxoshwa kamuva ngemuva kokuphenywa yiNational Institutes of Health (NIH).
Ngokombiko we-NIH, i-Montagnier ithumele isampula yegciwane kusuka kwesiguli esigulayo kuya ku-National Cancer Institute ngesicelo sikaGallo. I-Montagnier engazi lutho, isampula yayingcolisiwe ngenye igciwane-yilo kanye leli qembu laseFrance elizobe lihlukanisa ngokuthi i-LAV. I-sampuli yegciwane yaqinisekiswa ukuthi yenziwe yinkambiso yamasiko kaGallo, eholele kulokho okwakubhekene nendaba eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu yokukhomba ngomunwe emlandweni ucwaningo lwe-AIDS.
Kwakuphela ngo-1987 ukuthi ukuphikisana kwaqedwa, futhi bobabili i-US neFrance bavuma ukuhlukanisa imali evela kwamalungelo obunikazi. Nokho, ngalesi sikhathi, idumela likaGallo liye lahlukunyezwa kakhulu, futhi naphezu kombiko we-2002 kumagazini weSayensi (lapho uGallo noMontagnier bavuma khona ukutholakala komunye nomunye), uMontagnier kuphela noBarré-Sinoussi bathola ukuqashelwa yiKomiti Ye-Nobel ka-2008 .
Umnikelo oqhubekayo kaGallo we-AIDS Research
Naphezu kwalokhu, umnikelo kaGallo ocwaningweni lwe-AIDS awuphikisiwe. Ngaphezu kokutholakala kokutholakala kwegciwane lesandulela ngculaza, uGallo kuthiwa uhlinzeka ucwaningo olusisekelo oludingekayo ukuthuthukisa ukuhlolwa kokuqala kwe-HIV.
Ngo-1996, uGallo nabalingani bakhe basungula i-Institute of Human Virology, inhlangano eyanikezwa imali eyizigidi eziyizigidi eziyizigidi ezingu-15 ezivela ku- Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation ngokucwaninga kwayo emigodini yokuvimbela i-HIV.
Ngo-2011, uGallo wasungula i-Global Virus Network ngenhloso yokwandisa ukubambisana phakathi kwabaphenyi begciwane nokulwa nezikhala ekucwaningweni.
Imithombo:
I-Montagnier, L. "Inhloko yomlando. Umlando wokutholakala kwe-HIV." Isayensi . Novemba 2002: 298 (5599): 1727-1728.
UGallo, R. "Inhlawulo yomlando. Iminyaka yokuqala ye-HIV / AIDS." Isayensi . Novemba 2002: 298 (5599): 1728-1730.
UGallo, R. kanye noMontagnier, uL. "Incwadi yomlando." Okulindelekile ngekusasa. " Isayensi . Novemba 2002: 298 (5599): 1730-1. doi: 10.1126 / scien ce.1079864. PMID 12459577.