Amarekhodi e-Electronic Health
Amarekhodi ezempilo e-elekthronikhi (ama-EHR) kanye namarekhodi wezokwelapha nge-elekthronikhi (EMRs) ayinzuzo yezobuchwepheshe bokwaziswa zanamuhla. Nakuba le mibandela emibili, i-EHRs ne-EMRs, isetshenziswa kaningi ngokungafani, ama-EHR anemininingwane yamuva kakhulu futhi ezama ukufaka idatha engaphezulu kune-EMRs. Ama-EHR aqukethe ulwazi kuwo wonke odokotela abathintekayo ekunakekeleni kwesiguli futhi bakhelwe ngenhloso yokwabelana ngolwazi.
Amarekhodi e-elekthronikhi ayanda ukwamukelwa kulo lonke elase-United States, esikhundleni sezinhlelo zephepha zamaphepha ezingapheli futhi ezingathembeki ezisekhona ezibhedlela eziningi. Lokhu kwenza ukunakekelwa kwezempilo kwethu kuphephe futhi kuphumelele. Akuzona nje izibhedlela ezenza ushintsho; amahhovisi odokotela, ukunakekelwa kwezempilo okuhlukene kwenza kube lula futhi izinkampani zomshuwalense zenza ushintsho ekugcineni idatha kwedatha. Lolu hlelo olusha oluthathwa ngemininingwane luhlanganisa abahlinzeki bezempilo nokwandisa amathuba okugula.
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Thola irekhodi eliphelele lezokwelapha ngo-6 izingxenye eziyisisekelo
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Imigomo ehambisana neRekhodi yezempilo ye-Electronic
Izimo eziphuthumayo, ezifana nezingozi, izinhlekelele zemvelo nokuhlaselwa kwamaphekula, ziyisikhumbuzo esibucayi ngokubaluleka kokufinyeleleka kwedatha yeziguli. Uma amarekhodi ezokwelapha esheshayo atholakale-kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isimo sendawo noma isiguli-imiphumela yomuthi ingaba namandla.
I-EHR ne-EMRs nayo ibaluleke kakhulu ezimweni zansuku zonke zezokwelapha. Esikhundleni sokuthembela ekuzikhulumeni kwesiguli ngomlando wabo wezokwelapha, odokotela abasebenzisa i-EHRs manje bedinga kuphela ulwazi lomuthi lwesiguli (njengegama nosuku lokuzalwa) ukufinyelela emlandweni wakhe wonke wezokwelapha. Lokhu kwenza inqubo yokuhlola ingasheshi nje kuphela, kodwa futhi iphephile futhi iphelele.
Uhulumeni wase-US ukhuthaza ngokugcwele ukusetshenziswa kwamarekhodi e-elektroniki ngokunikeza izinhlelo zokukhuthaza. Uma abahlinzeki bezempilo befakazela ukuthi basebenzisa ama-EHR futhi bavumelana nemithetho eyaziwa ngokuthi Ukusetshenziswa Okunenzuzo, laba bahlinzeki banelungelo lokubuyisela imali encane yokutshala izimali zabo. Inombolo yabanikezeli bezempilo abasebenzisa amarekhodi ezempilo ze-elekthronikhi iqhubeka njalo, isenza sibe yiqiniso lokuthi uhlelo lwezempilo olungathintekiyo lusondele nakancane.
Izinzuzo ze-EHRs
Ezinye zezinzuzo zamarekhodi ezempilo ye-digital zihlanganisa:
- Ukwaziswa okuhlangene nabahlinzeki bokunakekelwa okuyinhloko kungabelwa ngeminyango ephuthumayo. Isibonelo, uma umuntu ehlaselwa kumuthi othile, lokhu kuqaphile okusindisa impilo kudluliselwa ngisho noma isiguli singenalutho.
- Kukhona irekhodi lokuhlolwa kwezivivinyo zakamuva, ngakho-ke ukuphindaphinda okungadingekile kungagwenywa.
- Amanothi esibhedlele, ama-discharge plans kanye nemilayezo yokulandelela iyatholakala kalula, okwenza ushintsho kusuka kwesinye isimo kuya kwenye elula.
- Abasebenzisi bangangena kumarekhodi abo futhi bathole ulwazi lwabo lwezokwelapha.
Imisebenzi yezinhlelo ze-EMR / EHR
Ama-EHR aqukethe ulwazi oluyisisekelo olufana negama lakho, izinombolo zokuxhumana, umlando wezokwelapha, ulwazi mayelana nemithi nemithi yokwelapha, ulwazi mayelana nezinkinga zezokwelapha zamanje, imiphumela yokuhlolwa kanye namanothi okuqhubekayo, kanye nemibhalo yokuphatha neyezimali. Amarekhodi eDijimali aletha lonke ulwazi lwakho ndawonye futhi avumela ochwepheshe bezempilo abahlukene ukuba babelane futhi bahambisane nalolu lwazi. Isibonelo, udokotela wakho jikelele angafunda isifingqo sakho sokukhishwa kwesibhedlela, imibiko evela ochwepheshe kanye nemiphumela yokuhlolwa yamuva ngokufinyelela nje i-EHR yakho ku-intanethi.
Ezikhathini zanamuhla zedijithali, i- EHR kufanele ihlanganise imisebenzi emine : ukuhlelwa kwe-elekthronikhi, ukuhleleka kokuhlolwa kwe-elektroniki, ukubika kwemiphumela yokuhlolwa kanye nokugcina amanothi odokotela. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ama-EHR amaningi akhona awanasabelo ngolwazi ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ukuphatheka nokusebenzisana kuye kwaqashelwa njengezinkinga zamanje, futhi kudingekile umsebenzi omningi ukwakha uhlelo lokunakekelwa kwezempilo oluhlelekile . Umgwaqo ohlanganyelwe, ohlanganyelwe kuwo wonke umhlaba oye wamukelwa kabanzi, obeka izinyathelo ezibalulekile ukuthi abathintekayo bezenhlalakahle nezizimele bahlose ukufezekisa.
Le mizamo eqhubekayo ihlanganisa ukuthuthukisa amazinga wezobuchwepheshe, ukuguquguquka nokuhambisana nezinqubomgomo zokukhokha, ukuxhumanisa izinqubomgomo nezenzo zamabhizinisi, nokuxhumanisa ubumfihlo nemigomo yokuphepha. I-roadmap yamanje ibhekwa njengedokhumenti ephilayo, futhi izinguqulo ezintsha zakhiwa ngokusekelwe ekuhlangenwe nakho kanye nangempendulo.
Ukutholakala kwesineke kanye namarekhodi ezempilo zomuntu siqu (PHR)
Abahlinzeki abaningi bezempilo manje banikeza amathuluzi kagesi. La mathuluzi avumela ukuba sifinyelele idatha yethu yezempilo futhi sihlanganyele enkambeni yethu yokugcina irekhodi. Lokhu kusenza sikwazi ukubhekana nanoma yiziphi izikhala noma amaphutha angase avele kumarekhodi ethu. Uma sihlanganyela ngokuzibandakanya, ukwabelana ngolwazi kuba lula, okwenza sibe abalingani abalinganayo ohlelweni lokunakekelwa kwezempilo.
Amaprosesa asebegulayo adlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni isipiliyoni sethu sokunakekelwa kwezempilo. Intuthuko yanamuhla empilo yedijithali inikeza iziguli ukufinyelela kuma-EHR futhi zihlinzekela izici ezihlukene zokuphathwa kwezempilo siqu, kuhlanganise nokuhlela ukuqashwa, ukucela imithi yokuvuselela imithi nokuthuthukisa ukunemba kwamarekhodi wezokwelapha.
Amarekhodi ezempilo yomuntu siqu noma amarekhodi ezokwelapha siqu (PMR) ahlukile kuma-EHR kuze kube yilapho ungawalawula (kunokuba nje kuphela kumhlinzeki wakho wezokwelapha). Zitholakalayo kuwe futhi zingagcinwa ngezindlela ezahlukene, isibonelo, zilandiwe kwidrayivu yakho yekhompyutha noma zigcinwe efwini.
Ukusebenzisa okunenjongo
Ukusetshenziswa okunenjongo kuyisethi yemithethonqubo nezinhloso ezibekiwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi i-EHR isetshenziswa ngendlela enenjongo eyenza izinsika ezinhlanu zempilo. Ukusekelwa yi-Health Information Technology ye-Economic and Clinical (HITECH) Act, Ukusetshenziswa Okubalulekile kufaka phakathi ukusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bezokwelapha ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yokunakekelwa kwezempilo, ukunciphisa ukungalingani kwezempilo, ukubandakanya iziguli (nemikhaya yabo), ukuxhumanisa ukunakekelwa kwezempilo, nokuqinisekisa ubumfihlo ukuphepha kolwazi lwesineke. Umgomo wokusetshenziswa okunenjongo ukuthuthukisa impilo yabantu, ukwandisa ukukhanya, ukunika amandla iziguli kanye nokunikeza idatha eyengeziwe yokucwaninga.
Ukuguqulwa Ukusetshenziswa Okunenjongo kwakuhlelwe njengenqubo ehleliwe, enezigaba ezintathu eziyinhloko ezivela esikhathini esiyiminyaka emihlanu. Imithetho yesigaba sesi-3 - isigaba sokugcina esihlose ukuthuthukisa imiphumela yezempilo - sakhishwa ngo-Okthoba 2015 ngamasevisi weMediare and Medicaid Services (CMS) kanye neHhovisi loMxhumanisi wezeMpilo we-IT (i-ONC). Uma abahlinzeki bezempilo bekwazi ukuhlangabezana nohlu lwezinhloso zokusebenzisa okunenjongo, bathola ukubuyiselwa.
Ukwesekwa Kwezinqumo Zomtholampilo
Izinhlelo zokusekela izinqumo zemitholampilo (CDSS) yizinhlelo zesofthiwe ezangezinye zezicelo zokuqala ze-tech yezempilo. Ziyizinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlangene ezisiza odokotela nabanye ochwepheshe bezempilo ekwenzeni izinqumo zomtholampilo ezisuselwa ebufakazini kanye nokuthuthukisa imiphumela yokwelapha.
Lezi zinhlelo zingasebenza njengesikhumbuzo, izinhlelo zokuxilonga, izinhlelo zokuhlonza izidakamizwa namathuluzi okuphatha izifo, futhi zingahlanganiswa nakwa-EHRs. Ukwaziswa kwesineke kuhlanganiswe neziqondiso ezisekelwe ebufakazini ukunikeza isiguli izincomo kanye nokwelashwa okuhle. Ama-EHR angaxhuma imithombo eminingi yolwazi futhi ahlinzekele izimo zokuqagela zokubikezela ukusiza ukwelashwa. Ekunakekelweni kwesifo sikashukela, isibonelo, ama-EHR ahlangene nemikhakhalo yemitholampilo aboniswe ukuthi aphakeme kunezinhlelo ezijwayelekile zekhompyutha uma echazwa ngolwazi lwesiguli kanye nokunakekelwa kokuqondisa. Ama-CDSS amathembele kudatha evela kumaqembu esampula aphilayo bese uxhuma imithombo ehlukene yolwazi. Lokhu kwenza kube ithuluzi lokuhlonza elisebenzayo.
I-CDSS ingasiza kakhulu ekunakekelweni okuyinhloko, lapho odokotela abangazikhetheli kuzo zonke izindawo zokwelapha bahlangana neziguli ezinezimpawu ezihlukahlukene ezidinga izinhlelo zokuhlonza nokuphathwa ngokushesha. Izinhlelo ze-CDSS zokuxilonga zihlanganisa izindawo ezahlukene zemithi, kubandakanya impilo yengqondo, izifo zenhliziyo nezifo zesisu.
Ubumfihlo nokulondeka kokugcinwa kwerekhodi ye-Digital
Kunezinqubomgomo eziningi nezinqubo ezikhona ukuqinisekisa ukuvikelwa kwedatha egcinwe ngekhompiyutha. Isiko sobumfihlo nokuvikeleka sisekelwa futhi sihlonishwa, futhi ukuphepha kwe-intanethi kubaluleke kakhulu kuzilungiselelo lapho kusetshenziswa khona amarekhodi wezokwelapha zobuchwepheshe.
Umthetho Wokubika Ukubhekela Ukubheja Umshuwalense Wezempilo (HIPAA) wadluliselwa ngo-1996 ukuvikela amarekhodi namalungelo eziguli. Ibeka ukuthi kanjani, futhi nobani, ukwaziswa kwesiguli kungabiwa.
Kodwa-ke, kuye kwaba nokusabalalisa kwamadivaysi ezempilo edijithali nobuchwepheshe obuqoqa idatha yezempilo kusukela i-HIPPA idluliwe (isib. Izingubo zokugqoka), ngakho iningi alilawulwa yilo mthetho. Lokhu kwenza ukubuyekezwa okuqhubekayo nokuqapha okudingekayo futhi ngenhloso yokwethula nokuphepha kwethu.
Sinesithakazelo esiqinisekisiwe ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi amarekhodi ethu wezokwelapha aphathwa ngendlela efanele, futhi agcinwe futhi abelwe ngokufanele. Ngokufanayo nemibiko yethu yezikweletu, kuwukuhlakanipha ukuqapha ulwazi lwethu lwezokwelapha ngokunemba kanye nezizathu zokuqapha. I-HIPAA ichaza ukuthi ukuthola nokuthola ulwazi lwethu lwezempilo ngezinhloso zethu kungelungelo, hhayi ilungelo. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuthola ikhophi yekhompiyutha yemininingwane yethu yezempilo equkethwe kunoma iyiphi irekhodi lezempilo le-elektroniki.