Ukunciphisa i-viral kuchazwa ngokuthi, ngokoqobo, ukucindezela noma ukunciphisa umsebenzi nokuphindaphinda kwegciwane. Lapho ukhuluma ngemithi yokwelapha i-antiretroviral ye- HIV , irejista ibhekwa ukuthi iyaphumelela kakhulu uma kunciphisa umthamo wegciwane lomuntu kumazinga angatholakali *. Igama elithi "umthamo wegciwane" libhekisela kwinani lamakhophi we-HIV nge-ml yegazi. Ngamanye amazwi, kungumuthi wegciwane egazini.
Ukunciphisa i-Viral kanye ne-HIV
Ngokuvamile, abantu abanesandulela ngculazi kudingeka basebenzise ukwelapha okulwa nama- antiretroviral (i-CART - eyaziwa nangokuthi i-antiretroviral therapy noma i-HAART) esebenzayo ukuze kutholakale ukucindezelwa kwegciwane lesikhathi eside. Lokhu kuchazwa ngokuthi izinga legciwane elijikelezayo egazini lihlala liphansi kakhulu noma lingabonakali. Kudingeka ukwelashwa kwe-antiretroviral edidiyelwe ngoba i-HIV ingashintsha lapho isidakamizwa esisodwa (esibizwa nangokuthi monotherapy) sisetshenziswa. Kunzima kakhudlwana ukuthi i-HIV ingabi nemithi phambi kwemithi eminingi yezidakamizwa. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ngisho noma lezo zidakamizwa ziqukethe iphilisi elilodwa .
Ngezinye izikhathi, uhlobo oluthile lwegciwane alukwazi ukusiza isiguli esinegciwane lesandulela ngculaza ukuthi sithole umthamo ongavoneki wegciwane. Ezimweni ezinjalo, inhlanganisela entsha yezidakamizwa izolingwa kuze kuphele ukucindezelwa okugcwele kwegciwane. Kodwa-ke, ukuthola imiphumela yokuhlola ebonisa ukuthi amazinga e-HIV egazini ayitholakali akufani nokutshelwa ukuthi uphulukiswe igciwane.
Ngisho noma kungekho gciwane elikhona egazini, amangqamuzana anesandulela ngculazi angase ahlale emzimbeni . Ngakho-ke, kunokwenzeka ukuthi igciwane lingase liqale ukuphindaphindiwe (ukukopisha ngokwalo) futhi uma ukwelashwa ngezidambisigciwane kuyomiswa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuba nomthamo wegciwane "okungabonakali" kusho ukuthi kukhona amakhophi ambalwa kakhulu wegciwane okufanele atholakale ngokuhlolwa kwamanje.
Njengalokhu, "okungabonakali" kuyisisusa esihambayo. Iminyaka engamashumi amabili edlule ukuhlolwa kwakungacabangi kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, lokho okubizwa ngokuthi imithwalo engavumeleki yegciwane lengculazi kungenzeka ukuthi iphakeme kakhulu kunanamuhla.
Lokho kusho ukuthi kunezinzuzo eziningi ezikhona zokugcina umthamo wegciwane elingenakulinganiswa. Abantu ababa nemiphumela yokuhlolwa babonisa imithwalo engavumeleki yegciwane lengculaza ngokuvamile banempilo kunabo bantu abanemiphumela ebonisa amazinga aphezulu wegciwane egazini labo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abantu abaye bazuza umthamo wegciwane elingenakutholakali futhi bancane amathuba okudlulisela i-HIV kubalingani babo bobulili. Lona ngumgomo owenza ukwelashwa njengokuvimbela noma i-TasP. I-TaSP yilapho abantu abanesandulela ngculaza banikezwa ukwelashwa kwasekuqaleni ukuthuthukisa hhayi nje impilo yabo kuphela kodwa impilo yemiphakathi yabo.
Ukunciphisa i-Viral in General
Ukuphathwa kwegciwane lesandulela ngculazi yisimo esiyinhloko lapho abantu abaningi bazozwa khona ukucindezelwa kwegciwane lesandulela ngculaza . Noma kunjalo, akuwona kuphela umongo lapho ukucindezelwa kwegciwane kusebenza khona. Ikhono lomzimba lokuvimbela ukuphindaphinda kwamagciwane nokunciphisa umthamo wegciwane lesandulela ngculazi lufanelekile ekuxoxweni kwezifo eziningana ezingavamile. Lokhu kubandakanya amagciwane we- hepatitis ngezinye izikhathi . Ukunciphisa i-viral kuyinkinga yokuphumelela kwezokwelapha ezinye lezi amagciwane.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi, njengoba kuchazwe ngenhla, ukwelashwa akudingeki ngaso sonke isikhathi ukufeza ukucindezelwa kwegciwane. Kwezinye amagciwane, kwezinye izimo, isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela singakwazi ukwehlisa amazinga kuze kube yilapho igciwane lingatholakali egazini. Kwezinye izimo, isimiso somzimba samasosha omzimba singaqeda ngokuphelele igciwane. Noma kunjalo, ukususwa kwegciwane ngokuvamile akusetshenziselwa ukuchaza inqubo yokuqeda igciwane emzimbeni. Kuvame ukusetshenziselwa ukuchaza izimo lapho igciwane lilawulwa khona, kepha lapho likhona emazingeni aphansi (noma angabonakali). Lokhu kulawulwa kungazuzwa noma isistimu yomzimba noma ngokusebenzisa ukwelashwa.
Izibonelo: Izidakamizwa eziningana ezisetshenziselwa njengengxenye yesifo se-HIV zingase zisebenze ekunqandeni ukutheleleka okungapheli kwesifo se-hepatitis B. Lezi zidakamizwa kubhekwa ukuthi zisebenza ngokubili ngokumelene nama-virus omabili. I-HIV ne-hepatitis zivame ukutholakala ndawonye ezigulini ezingozi kakhulu.
Imithombo:
Engell CA, Pham VP, Holzman RS, Aberg JA. Umphumela we-Virologic wokusebenzisa i-Tenofovir / Emtricitabine ukuphatha isifo sofuba esibhedlela se-HIV-Coinfected. I-ISRN i-Gastroenterol. 2011; 2011: 405390.