I-defective septal defect, noma i-ASD, ivame ukubizwa ngokuthi "umgodi enhliziyweni," inkinga yenhliziyo yokuzalwa . Ngenkathi ivame ukutholakala ezinganeni, inkinga ingase ihlale ingatholakali futhi ibe yumuntu omdala.
Iphutha e-ASD liwumgodi we-septum ye-atrial, okuyinto udonga lwamasuli olwehlukanisa i-atrium elungile futhi elishiye i-atrium. Enhliziyweni evamile, ohlangothini olungakwesokudla uphampa igazi elimpofu e-oxygen kanye nehlangothini lesokunxele amaphampu egazini eliye lasetshenziswa umoya.
Iphutha livumela ukuthi izinhlobo ezimbili zegazi zixube, okuholela egazini elihamba ngomzimba ophethe oksijini encane.
Lolu hlobo lwesiphambeko, olukhona cishe ku-4 kuya kwezingu-8 kuzo zonke izinsana eziyizinkulungwane ezizalwa, ezilinganiselwe ngobukhulu. I-ASD emikhulu, iphakamisa amathuba okuthola izimpawu ezifana nokukhathala nokuphefumula.
Izinhlobo
Ukukhubazeka kwe-Atrial septal kuya emaceleni amathathu. Ngaphakathi kwenhlobo ngayinye yesici, ubukhulu bungase buhluke. Kungenzeka kube mncane noma omkhulu futhi kungadinga ukuhlinzwa noma ukuvalelwa ngaphandle kokungenelela okuhlinzayo. I-cardiologist kuphela noma udokotela ohlinzayo we-cardiothoracic anganquma ubunzima bezinkinga zenhliziyo.
- I-Secundum ASD (ASD 2 noma i-ASD II): Uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwe-ASD, lapho isici sitholakala khona phakathi kwe-septum ye-atrial.
- I-Primum ASD (ASD 1 noma i-ASD I): Uhlobo lwesibili olujwayelekile kakhulu lwe-ASD, lapho isici sitholakala endaweni yokugcina indawo ye-septum. Lolu hlobo lwe-ASD luvame ukuhambisana nezinye izinkinga, kufaka phakathi i-endocardial cushion ventricular defect defect, okusho ukuthi ukukhubazeka kufaka ingxenye engezansi yenhliziyo kanye nengxenye engenhla.
- I-Sinus Venosus ASD (i-Sinus Venus): Lolu hlobo lwe-ASD lwenzeka engxenyeni engenhla ye-septum, esiseduze nalapho i-vena cava iletha igazi enhliziyweni emzimbeni.
Izimbangela
I-ASD ayinaso isizathu esicacile, kodwa ezinye izinto zenza inkinga yenhliziyo ibe lula. Ezinye izifundo zibonisa ulwazi oluphikisanayo.
Isibonelo, isifundo esisodwa sibonisa ukuthi ukubhema ngumama ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kungaholela engozini yokukhubazeka kwe-atrial septal kanti enye ingabonisi ukwanda kwengozi. Yikuphi okuthakazelisayo nokho ukuthi bobabili abazali bangafaka isandla engozini yengane ekwakheni i-ASD ngokukhetha kwabo kokuphila.
Izinto ezibangela
- Ukusetshenziswa komnyokazi omama (umama)
- Imithi yezidakamizwa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa: Izidakamizwa zibandakanya i-busulfan, i-lithium, i-retinoids, i-thalidomide, ne-trimethadione, kanye ne-insulin, imithi ye-blood pressure, i-erythromycin (i-antibiotic), i-naproxen (i-Aleve), i-anticonvulsants (imithi yokwelashwa), i-nitrofurantoin, i-clomipramine, kanye budesonide.
- Ukusabalalisa umama noma ubaba (ubaba) ekudonseni kwamakhemikhali
- Ukusetshenziswa kohlobo lwe-cocaine
- Ukubhema okunzima kwezingane
- Isifo sikashukela somama kanye ne phenylketonuria
- Ukutheleleka kwamathambo okubeletha omama
Izimpawu Nezibonakaliso
Ama-ASD amaningi amancane futhi abangela izimpawu ezimbalwa, uma kukhona. Ezimweni eziningi, inhliziyo ekhononda ingase ibe uphawu olulodwa kuphela ukuthi kukhona ukukhubazeka. Kwezinye izimo, izimpawu zingase zibe nzima. Lokhu kuxhomeke kakhulu ebukhulu besici. Eziningi zalezi zinkinga azibonisi kuze kube yilapho isici sisekhona iminyaka eminingi, ngokuvamile singabonakali kuze kube ngumuntu omdala. Izingane azikwazi ukukhombisa izimpawu.
- Ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo kwesokudla
- I-Arrhythmia
- Ukushaywa yisisu: Igazi elivuthiwe cishe likwazi ukugqoka ukuthi lingaya kanjani ebuchosheni futhi lidale isifo
- Heart Murmur
- Ukucindezeleka komfutho wegazi
- Ukubuthakathaka noma ukukhathala kalula
Imithombo:
> I-Septal Defect yase-Atrial. Izinkonzo zezempilo zeMnyango wezeMpilo waseTexas.
> Yiziphi izinyosi enhliziyweni. I-National Heart Lung ne-Blood Institute.