Ukuvakasha kwezokwelapha, okubizwa nangokuthi ukuhlinzekwa ngamazwe noma ukuhlinzekwa kwamanye amazwe, kuyinkqubo yokushiya izwe lakini ukuze uthole ukwelashwa kwelinye izwe. Lokhu akufanele kudidaniswe nokuhlinzwa okungahleliwe kwelinye izwe ngenxa yokugula okungalindelekile noma ukulimala. Ukuvakasha kwezokwelapha kusho ngokuzithandela ukuya kwelinye izwe ngenhloso yokwelashwa noma ukuhlinzwa.
Ngalesi sikhathi, kulinganiselwa ukuthi abantu abangu-750 000 noma ngaphezulu baseMelika bazofuna usizo lwezempilo ngaphandle kwe-United States ngonyaka ozayo. Abaningi balabo bayobe befuna ukuhlinza ngezindleko eziphansi, noma inqubo abangakwazi ukuyenza ekhaya.
Okwenza ukuvakasha kwezokwelapha kudume kakhulu
Ukuvakasha kwezokwelapha kuyathandeka ngezizathu ezihlukahlukene, kusukela ezindlekweni zokuhlinzeka ekhaya, ekubeni ngumuntu ovela kwelinye izwe othanda ukuhlinzwa ezweni lakubo.
- Izindleko ezingezansi zokuvakasha kwezokwelapha: Izindleko zokuhlinzwa ziphansi kakhulu emazweni angaphandle uma kuqhathaniswa nezindleko zokuhlinzwa okufanayo e-United States. Kumuntu onenqubo engahlanganiswa nomshuwalense, njengokuhlinzekwa ngezimonyo, noma umuntu ongenomshwalense, umehluko ungaba omkhulu.
Eqinisweni, izindleko zezinqubo ezithile zingaba ngamaphesenti angaphansi kwamaphesenti angamazwe angaphandle kunokuba zingase-United States. Ukuhlinzwa eNdiya kuyinto engabizi kakhulu, futhi iziguli ziyahambela eMalaysia, eBrazil, eSingapore, eCosta Rica, eMexico, eThailand naseVietnam.
Siyazi ukuthi kungani ukuhlinzekwa e-United States kubiza kakhulu , kodwa kungani ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha nokuhlinzwa ngaphandle kwezwe kungabizi kakhulu? Izindleko zabasebenzi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi bangumhlengikazi, ama-aid, odokotela abahlinzayo noma abadokotela, ngokuvamile kuvame kakhulu. Futhi, umshuwalense wokungasebenzi kahle, ongaphezulu kwama-$ 250,000 ngezinye izinto ezikhethekile, uhla kakhulu phesheya. Uma izindleko zomsebenzi ziphansi, konke kuyabiza kakhulu, kusukela esakhiweni lapho kunakekelwa khona izindleko zokudla okuhlinzekwe esibhedlela.
- Izinkampani Zomshuwalense: Ezinye izinkampani zomshuwalense ziye zaqala ukukhuthaza ukuvakasha kwezokwelapha ngenxa yokonga okukhulu. I-Blue Cross neBlue Shield isiqalile uhlelo lapho isiguli sinomphathi wecala elibelwe khona ukuthi sizohlela ukuhamba nokuhlala kokubili isiguli kanye nomngane wokukhetha kwabo. Umphathi wecala wenza amalungiselelo okunakekelwa kwezokwelapha, futhi uhlele ngisho nokunakekelwa ngemuva kokusebenza, uma kunesidingo, ekhaya. Ukulondolozwa komshuwalense kusho ukugcinwa kwabashuwalense.
Ezinye izinkampani zomshuwalense zinikeza izinzuzo zezezimali zokuhlinzekwa ngaphandle, ukunciphisa noma ukukhipha iphesenti yendleko isiguli esilindeleke ukuba ikhokhe.
- Ukunethezeka Nezobuhlengikazi Ezizimele: Ezinye iziguli zithatha ukunethezeka okufana ne-spa ezihlinzekwa izibhedlela zangaphandle, ngokubona ithuba lokuhlwithwa njengenzuzo eyengeziwe yokuhlinzwa okungabizi. Ezinye izakhiwo zinikeza amakamelo esibhedlela ukuthi afana ne-hotel suite ngaphandle kwegumbi lesibhedlela sendabuko. Ezinye izibhedlela zinikeza eyodwa kokunakekelwa kwabahlengikazi oyedwa, okuyinto ephana kakhulu futhi eqaphele kunezilinganiso zokuqashwa ezitholwa yizibhedlela eziningi.
- Ukuhlala kwelinye izwe: Kuzwakala kuhle, akunjalo? Inkampani yakho yomshuwalense ikudonsa endaweni engavamile ngaphesheya kwezwe? Kungani ungangeni eholidini kwelinye izwe kanye nokuhlinzwa?
Iholidi livame ukuhlelwa ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa noma ngemuva kokuhlinzwa, ukusebenzisa ngokunakekelwa kokuhlala kwelinye izwe ukuhamba ngenjabulo. Lena indlela engabizi kakhulu yokuya kwelinye izwe uma inkampani yomshuwalense ikhokha indiza futhi izindleko zokuhlala ziphansi. Kubonakala kunengqondo ukululama ogwini noma endaweni enhle, ikakhulukazi uma izindleko zokuhlala ngokuvamile ezingabizi uma kuqhathaniswa nokuhlala ekhaya. Khumbula nje, ukubhukuda akukhuthazwa kuze kube sekugcineni ukucubungula kwakho kuvaliwe ngokuphelele, futhi ungase ungabi nomuzwa wokuthi wenze okungaphezu kokuhamba ngezinsuku ezilandelayo ngenqubo yakho.
- Imithetho Nemigomo Yokunciphisa Umthetho: Abanye abahambi bafuna ukuhlinzekwa phesheya ngokweqile imithetho ebekwe nguhulumeni wabo, inkampani yomshuwalense noma esibhedlela. Le mithetho ikhona ngokujwayelekile ukuvikela isiguli engalimazi, ngakho ukuzungezile akuyona into engcono ngaso sonke isikhathi.
Isibonelo, isiguli singatshelwa ukuthi isisindo sabo siphansi kakhulu (siphephile) ukuze sifanelekele ukuhlinzwa kwesisindo. Udokotela ohlinzayo kwelinye izwe angase abe nomgomo ohlukile kulabo abafanelekayo ukuhlinzwa kwesisindo, ngakho-ke isiguli singase sifinyelele ngaphandle kwamanye amazwe ngenqubo abayifunayo. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi ngokutshala izivakashi (ngaphezulu kwalokho kamuva).
- Abahlinzayo abanezici: Odokotela bamazinyo emazweni athile bavame ukubizwa ngethalenta labo endaweni ethile yokuhlinzwa. Abahlinzayo baseBrazil bavame ukuhlinzekwa ngamakhono abo okuhlinzwa epulasitiki aqinile, futhi banomkhuba ogcwele, njengoba abaseBrazil behlelwa ngamahle ukuba babe nokuhlinzwa okupulasitiki kunabantu abavela cishe kunoma yiliphi elinye izwe. I-Thailand ibikwa ukuthi iyona ndawo yokuvakasha yezokwelapha eziyinhloko kubantu abafuna ukuphindaphinda ngokobulili. Ngokuvamile kulula ukuthola ukuhlinzwa futhi izindleko ziyancishiswa kakhulu, futhi odokotela abahlinzayo benza izinqubo njalo, ezingabangela ikhono elithuthukisiwe.
Ngokuvamile izivakashi eziningi zezokwelapha ziyamangala ukuthi udokotela wabo waqeqeshwa e-United States. Akuzona zonke odokotela abayizikhulu, kodwa amazinga aphakeme kakhulu abasebenza ekuhlinzekeni kwamanye amazwe aqeqeshiwe ezikoleni zezokwelapha ezikhuluma isiNgisi nezinhlelo zokuhlala bese ebuyela ezweni lakubo. Laba odokotela bavame ukukhuluma izilimi eziningi futhi kungenzeka ukuthi ibhodi iqinisekiswe ezweni lakubo nakwamanye amazwe, njenge-United States.
Khumbula, ukuvakasha kwezokwelapha akukhawulelwe emazweni angaphandle kwe-United States. Abantu abaningi bafuna ukunakekelwa ezindaweni ezahlukene zase-United States ngenxa yobuchwepheshe obunqunyiwe obukhona, kanye nokuphepha kwemithi yokunakekelwa kwezempilo kanye nemithi yokwelapha.
Imisindo yezokuvakasha yezokwelapha iyamangalisa, ngakho-ke kuyini okubambelayo?
Ngokumangalisayo njengokuvakasha kwezokwelapha umsindo, kunezimpikiswano ezithile okufanele zicatshangelwe ngaphambi kokubhalisa ukuze uthole ukwelashwa kwakho noma ukwelashwa kwezwe kwelinye izwe. Izinzuzo zezezimali ziyaziwa kahle, kodwa ukwehla kwezimali kungaba okuphawulekayo, ngisho nokubulala kwezinye izimo.
- Ukwelashwa Kwekhwalithi Embi Kungenzeka: Njengoba nje kukhona odokotela abahlinzayo abaphesheya, kunezinye odokotela abahlinzayo abanamakhono kakhulu. Ngokuvamile kunzima ukuthola ulwazi mayelana nodokotela kanye nekhwalithi yomsebenzi wabo kusuka kude. E-United States, kuvamise kulula ukuthola ulwazi mayelana nokuhlukunyezwa kwamacala, izigwegwe ngamabhodi wezokwelapha, kanye nezinye izenzo zokugwema ngokumelene nodokotela. Lolu lwazi lungase lungatholakali kalula nabanikazi bamazwe angaphandle futhi lungenza ukwenze kube nzima kunzima ukuhlinza udokotela ohlinzayo omkhulu .
Udokotela kufanele aqeqeshelwe endaweni ethile yezokwelapha ezifanele izidingo zakho zezokwelapha nezokuhlinzwa. Akufanele ube nokuhlinzekwa kweplastiki kusuka kudokotela ohlinzayo owaqeqeshwe ukuba abe udokotela wenhliziyo, futhi akufanele ube nokuhlinzwa okwenziwa ngumuntu ongaqeqeshwe njengodokotela ohlinzayo. Akukona okwanele ukuba ube udokotela, udokotela kumele aqeqeshelwe ekukhethekile.
Ngaphambi kokuvuma ukuhlinza, kufanele wazi iziqiniseko zakho zokuhlinza: lapho bafunde khona, lapho baqeqeshwa khona, nokuthi yiziphi izici ezibekwe yibodi. Ungathembeki ebufakazini obuvela ezigulini zangaphambilini, lezi zenziwe kalula kuwebhusayithi ngisho noma zilungile, ukuhlinzwa okulodwa okuhle akusho ukuthi kuzoba kuhle.
Amantombazane amaningi ase-American apulasitiki asebenzisa amahora amaningi ekulungisa lezi zibazi futhi eveza ukulimala okuhlinzwa okwenziwe udokotela ohlinzayo kwelinye izwe. Ukusesha okusheshayo kwi-intanethi kuzokwenza ngokushesha ukuhlinzeka ngamakhulu ezithombe nezindatshana zabantu abathile abalimele unomphela ngudokotela ohlinzayo wangaphandle. Abahlinza abahlinzayo abaqeqeshiwe, noma abahlinzayo abaqeqeshiwe abasebenzisa izinto eziphuthumayo, bangaholela embikweni wokugcina oyingozi. Ikhwalithi Yabasebenzi: Abahlengikazi yingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yokunakekelwa kwezempilo, futhi ukunakekelwa abahlinzekayo kungasho umehluko phakathi komphumela omuhle kanye nesabekayo. Umhlengikazi oqeqeshwe kahle angabona inkinga engase ibe khona futhi ayilungise ngaphambi kokuthi ibe yinkinga ngempela. Umhlengikazi oqeqeshwe kabi angase angaboni inkinga aze aphuze kakhulu. Izinga labasebenzi abahlengikazi liyoba nomthelela oqondile ekunakekeleni kwakho.
I-Quality of the Facility: Ingabe indawo lapho ukuhlinzeka kwakho kuzokwenziwa khona ubuciko, noma ingcolile, nemishini yakudala, ubuchwepheshe besikhathi esiphuthumayo, nezinsizakalo ezincane? Ingabe isibhedlela sikulungele ukukusiza uma ugula kakhulu emva kokuhlinzwa noma kuzodingeka uthunyelwe esikhungweni esithile ukuze uthole ukunakekelwa okungaphezulu? Ingabe ukuhlinzwa kuzokwenziwa esibhedlela noma esikhungweni sokuhlinzeka esikude futhi esikude nesibhedlela esikhulu?
Le mibuzo ibalulekile futhi kufanele iphendulwe ngaphambi kokukhetha indawo yokuhlinzwa. Indawo oyisebenzisayo kufanele ibe yisibhedlela nokunakekelwa kwezinga le-ICU (uma kwenzeka kunenkinga ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa noma ukuvuselela) noma kufanele kube eduze nesibhedlela esikhulu esinamandla okukuhambisa ngokushesha.
Bheka indawo eqinisekisiwe emhlabeni wonke, njenge-Joint Commission International. I-Joint Commission iyisigungu sezibhedlela esiqinisekisayo e-United States, sinquma ukuthi izibhedlela zinikeza ukunakekelwa okufanele noma uma kunesidingo. Ukuhlukaniswa kwamazwe ngamazwe kwenza okufanayo nezibhedlela ezingaphandle kwe-United States, futhi ukuqinisekiswa uphawu lwekhwalithi.I-Flying Home Ngemuva Kokuhlinzwa: Kukhona ingozi yegazi ngemva kokuhlinzwa , futhi ukuhamba ekhaya, ikakhulukazi lapho kuhamba khona indiza ende, kwandisa ingozi yezindwangu. Uma ikhaya lezindiza lide, hlela ukuvuka uphinde uhambe phezulu futhi uhlahle i-aisles ngehora ngalinye. Zama ukugwema ukuhamba ngezindiza ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngemva kokuhlinzwa; ukulinda isonto kuzoncipha amathuba okuthuthukisa i-clot yegazi noma enye inkinga enkulu phakathi nendiza.
Ukudla okuhlukene: Uma unesifo esiswini, ungase uthande ukucabanga kanzima ngokuhlinzwa ngaphandle. Ukudla kuvame ukuhluke kakhulu ezibhedlela zakwamanye amazwe, futhi kwezinye izindawo, kukhona ingozi yokuthi ngisho namanzi ayoba nomsindo emzimbeni wakho. Ukuba nesifo sohudo noma i- postoperative ye-nausea nokuhlanza kungaba yingozi emva kokuhlinzwa, ikakhulukazi uma kuqhutshwa ukudla ngokudla kwakho owenza nsuku zonke.
Isivinini solimi: Uma uhlinzeka ezweni lapho isiNgisi kungesilo ulimi oluyinhloko, kuzodingeka wenze amalungiselelo ukuze ukwazi ukuxhumana nabasebenzi. Ungamangala lapho ufunda ukuthi abasebenzi bakhuluma ulimi lwakho oluyinhloko kahle. Uma kungenjalo, kuzodingeka ucabange ukuthi uzokwenza kanjani izifiso zakho nezidingo zakho owaziwa udokotela ohlinzayo, abasebenzi kanye nabanye ozohlangana nabo.
Ithemba Ngcono Kakhulu, Lungiselela Okubi Kakhulu
Cabanga ukuthi uya kwelinye izwe ukuhlinzwa futhi ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa kukhona iphutha. Isibonelo, udokotela ohlinza ngengozi usika indawo encane yesiguli sakho ngesikhathi senqubo yakho. Kungase kungabonakali njengento enkulu, kepha emva kwezinsuku ezimbili ugula kakhulu ngesifo esithathelwana yi-IV antibiotics . Udinga ukubuyela ekuhlinzekeni ukulungisa iphutha. Uma ungaphuculanga, kuzodingeka uthuthelelwe ku- ICU , futhi kungase kudingeke ukuba ube ngephini ukuze isimo sakho sithuthuke.
Esibhedlela sase-United States, leli zinga lokunakekelwa liyatholakala kabanzi. Izibhedlela eziningi zinezikhungo zokunakekela kakhulu, kanti iziguli ezidinga ukudluliselwa esibhedlela esikhulu kungaba. Cabanga lokhu kwenzeka ngesikhathi ukwelashwa ngaphandle kwezilwandle. Ingabe lesi sakhiwo sinesi-ICU? Imali oyikhokhayo ikhava engalindelekile njengale noma ingabe kuzoba nezindleko ezengeziwe? Ungakwazi yini ukufika ekhaya uma impilo yakho incike kulo? Ingabe uhambo lwakho luhlanganisa umshuwalense wezohambo lwezokwelapha, uhlobo oluthile lokwaziswa okungekho emthethweni olusiza ngezindleko ezihlobene namaphutha ezempilo? Ingabe uhambo lwakho luhlanganisa umshuwalense wokubuyisela emuva, uhlobo lomshwalense okhokhela abasebenzi bezokwelapha ukuze bakuthathe kwelinye izwe futhi babuyisele ezweni lakho elihle ngokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngenkathi usendiza?
Ukuthola izimpendulo zale mibuzo, nokuqinisekisa ukuthi izinga eliphezulu lokunakekelwa litholakala kalula, lizoholela ekuhlangenwe nakho okuphephile kokuvakasha, ukwazi ukuthi uzokwenzelwa uma kwenzeka isimo esiphuthumayo.
Ukunakekelwa Okulandelwayo
Kubalulekile ukuhlelela ukunakekelwa kwakho kokulandela ngaphambi kokushiya izwe lakho. Odokotela abaningi nodokotela abahlinzayo bayanqikaza ukunakekela isiguli esithole ukunakekelwa ngaphandle kwezwe, ngoba ngokuvamile abajwayele ukuvakasha kwezokwelapha futhi banenkinga ngekhwalithi yokunakekelwa kwamanye amazwe. Ukuhlela ukunakekelwa okulandelwayo ngaphambi kokuhamba kuzokwenza kube lula ukuguqulwa ukunakekela ekhaya nokucindezeleka kokuzama ukuthola udokotela ngemuva kokuhlinzwa .
Amazwi ambalwa ngokuvakasha kwe- Organ Transplant
Ukuvakasha kokutshala izihlahla kuyindawo eyodwa yokuvakasha kwezokwelapha okudangala kakhulu ngabachwephesha bokufakelwa emazweni amaningi. Izingxenyana eziningi zomhlaba jikelele zibhekwa ngokuthi "ukudayiswa okumnyama" okungeyona nje empofu ekhwalithi, kepha ngokuziphatha okungalungile nokuziphatha okungalungile. Kunezimpikiswano ezihlobene nempilo ezihlobene nezindinganiso eziningi zefilosofi nama-international transplants.
I-China, izwe elikholelwa ukuthi lenze amazwe angaphezu kwamazwe angaphezu kwamanye amazwe, kuthathwa kabanzi ukuthi ithatha izitho eziboshwa ezombusazwe ngemuva kokubulawa kwazo. E-India, abanikeli abaphilayo bavame ukuthembiswa imali eningi ngeminikelo yabo yezinso, kuphela ukuthola ukuthi baye bahlaselwa futhi bangalokothi bathole inkokhelo. Ukuthengisa isitho eNdiya kungekho emthethweni, njengoba kusezindaweni eziningi zomhlaba, ngakho-ke kuncane okusizayo kumnikezi.
Khona-ke kukhona umphumela wokugcina, ukuthi isilwane sisebenza kanjani emva kokuhlinzwa sekuphelile. Ngokungena kwezimakethe ezimnyama, ukunakekelwa okuncane kuvame ukuthathwa ngokuhambisana nomnikeli nomamukeli, okuholela emazingeni aphezulu okulahlwa. Abacwaningi baseCanada bathole ukuthi abavakatjhi bezandla zokufakelwa babenamathuba amathathu ukuya kwesine ukufa noma ukulahla isitho esitshalwe kabusha kunalabo abathola isitho ngemuva kokuluhlu lokulinda.
Abantu abaningi banomuzwa wokuthi benza into edingekayo nokuthi ngeke baphile uma bephoqeleka ukuba bahlale ohlwini lokulinda lokufakelwa. Okuphambene kungenzeka kube yiqiniso, njengoba abanye abamukeli beza ekhaya benesigungu esisha nesifo esisha. I-Cytomegalovirus, isifo sofuba, i-hepatitis B ne-hepatitis C zivamile. Ngokuvamile isifo esisha esiholela ekufeni, kunokuba kulahlekelwe isilwane ukuze kunqatshelwe.
Abahlinzayo abahlinzayo abavame ukunganqikazi ukunakekela isiguli ngemva kokuhlinzwa kokufakelwa nodokotela ongaziwa, isiguli esivimbela ngenhloso ngenqubo yokunikela e-United States. Ukuziphatha eceleni, ikhwalithi ephansi yokuhlinzekwa okutholakala kuma odokotela abahlinzayo abadayisi abamnyama, ehlanganiswe ngengozi enkulu yokutheleleka, ukuxilongwa, nokulahlwa kwenza isiguli esinokugqoka sibe nesiguli esinzima sokwelapha. Ukwazi ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi othile ubulawe ukuthola isitho kuyinkimbinkimbi yokuthi odokotela abaningi abahlinzayo banqabe ukubuka.
Ngaphambi kokuba uqedele isinqumo sakho, qinisekisa ukucabangela zonke lezi zici bese ubuza imibuzo efanele ukuze ukwazi ukutholwa ngokucophelela ukunakekelwa okufanele.
> Imithombo:
> Ukuvakasha kwezokwelapha. Amasevisi Wokulawula Izifo. http://www.cdc.gov/features/medicaltourism/
> Ukuvakasha kwezitshalo: Ukuthi kuyingozi kanjani? I-American Association of Iziguli Zengane. https://www.aakp.org/education/resourcelibrary/transplantation-resources/item/transplant-tourism-how-dangerous-isit.html
> Ukuvakasha kwezitshalo: Ukwelapha iziguli lapho bebuyela e-US. I-AMA Journal of Ethics. http://journalofethics.ama-assn.org/2008/05/ccas2-0805.html