I-congenital ibhekisela esimweni noma ezifweni ezikhona lapho zizalwa. Lesi simo singathola ifa ( izakhi zofuzo ) noma kubangelwa izimo zemvelo.
Ezinye izifo ezithathelwana ngamabele, njenge-HIV, zingadluliselwa kumntana futhi zibangele isimo sokubeletha. Izinto zokubeletha ezifana nokusetshenziswa kotshwala noma izidakamizwa, ukudla okunomsoco kanye nempilo ephansi kungabangela izinkinga zokubeletha
Izibonelo
- Ukukhubazeka kwenhliziyo okubangelwa yilabo abathinta isakhiwo senhliziyo nendlela igazi eligeleza ngalo. Ukuhamba kusuka ezincane - kungenayo izimpawu - ekusongeni ukuphila, yilolu hlobo oluvame kakhulu lokukhubazeka kokuzalwa
- I-lip and lip , ephazamisa ukuthuthukiswa kophahla lomlomo nophuzu ophezulu. I-Cleft lip ingabangelwa yizakhi zofuzo ezithathwe kubazali, ubuthi bezemvelo, ama-virus noma zingase zenzeke emakhonsathini nezinye izinkinga zokuzalwa.
- Iziphutha ze-Neural ezinjenge- spina bifida
- I-Down Syndrome ebangelwa i-chromosome eyengeziwe
I-World Health Organization (WHO) ilinganisela ukuthi ingxenye engaba ingxenye yazo zonke izimo ezingezansi zokubeletha zingase zixhunywe nezizathu ezithile, ezifana nokutheleleka, ukungondleki noma ukungcola utshwala, konke okungaholela ekuthuthukiseni okungavamile ngaphakathi kwesibeletho. I-WHO iqhubekele izinhlangano ezingamalungu ekuvimbeleni kangcono izinkinga zokubeletha - nokunakekelwa ngcono kwezinsana ezinalezi zimo - kubangelwa ukufa kwabantu abangama-276,000 emhlabeni wonke kulokho okwenzekile ngonyaka ka-2013.
Ihlelwe nguSharon Basaraba
Imithombo:
Congenital. I-US National Institute of Health Genetic Home Reference Glossary.
Anomalies Congenital. I-World Health Organization Ishidi Lolwazi Lomphakathi. http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs370/en/
Yiziphi Izinkinga Zenhliziyo Yomzimba? I-US NIH National Heart, Lung, ne-Blood Institute Public Information Sheet.