I-General Anesthesia Side Effects kanye nezinkinga

Ukuqonda Izingozi Nemiklomelo Ejwayelekile Yama-Anesthesia

Kunemiphumela emibi eminingi engaba khona ehlobene nokusetshenziswa kwe-anesthesia yokuhlinzwa nezinqubo. Lezi zinkinga ziyahlukahluka kakhulu ezinkingeni ezincane kuya ezinkingeni ezibalulekile nezingozi zokuphila. Ngenhlanhla, izinkinga ezinkulu ngemuva kokuthola i-anesthesia azivamile futhi isiguli esiphezulu ngeke sithole izimpikiswano noma ezincane kuphela emahoreni nezinsuku ezilandela inqubo yabo.

Uhlobo lwemiphumela emibi umuntu angayithola ngenxa ye-anesthesia izohluka ngokuphawulekayo ngokusho kohlobo lwe-anesthesia abayitholayo, ubude besikhathi basaphansi kwe-anesthesia, nokuthi uhlobo lwenkinga eyenza i-anesthesia iyadingeka. Isibonelo, ingane edingeka ukuba ibe nesithasiselo ngaphandle kodwa ayikho enye yezindaba zezempilo futhi iphinde ihlaselwe i-anesthesia yehora cishe izobhekana nezinkinga ezincane kune-smoker oneminyaka engu-85 ubudala onesifo sikashukela oba namahora amaningana we-anesthesia ngesikhathi senhliziyo yabo evulekile ukuhlinzwa.

I-General Anesthesia ichazwe

Lolu hlobo lwe-anesthesia lusetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa, futhi lisetshenziswe esibhedlela noma endaweni yokuhlinzeka isikhungo sokuhlinzeka. Imithi inikezwa kokubili njengegesi ephazamisayo futhi nge-IV ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa. Ngalolu hlobo lwesilwane, isiguli asikwazi ngokuphelele indawo yaso futhi asizwa ubuhlungu njengoba besesimweni esijulile kunokulala.

I-anesthesia jikelele idinga ukuthi isiguli sibe nethubhu eliphefumulayo elibekwe ukuze bakwazi ukuba ngomoya endaweni yokuhlinzwa. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi imithi ejwayelekile ye-anesthesia ayifuni nje ukwenza isiguli singakwazi futhi singakwazi ukuzwa ubuhlungu bokuhlinzeka, futhi siphoqeleka imizimba yomzimba kuhlanganise nemisipha eyenza amaphaphu asebenze.

Nakuba imishanguzo ye-anesthesia ejwayelekile ibangela ukukhubazeka okugcina isiguli singakwazi ukuhamba-okubaluleke kakhulu phakathi nokuhlinzwa okubucayi-lokhu kungabangela nezinkinga ezibangelwa ukungahambi isikhathi eside. I-anesthesia, njengokuhlinzwa okuningi, kuvamise ukuhlaziywa ngokucophelela kwezingozi ezingase zibe khona uma kuqhathaniswa nemivuzo engaba khona-nokuqagela okufundiswe kakhulu ngumhlinzeki we-anesthesia mayelana nokuthi cishe kungenzeka kanjani, okuhle noma kubi. Izenzo nazo zithathwa ukunciphisa amathuba ezinkinga futhi kwandise amathuba okuthola imiphumela emihle.

Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi izingozi ze-anesthesia jikelele azizona izingozi kuphela isiguli okufanele siziqaphele ngaphambi kwenqubo yabo, izingozi zokuhlinzwa ngokwazo kufanele zicatshangelwe. Yonke inqubo inezinto eziyingqayizivele ezingaba yingozi, engahambisani ne-anesthesia. Isibonelo, isiguli esisebenza ngokuhlinzwa ukuze sisuse isithasiselo singaba nezici eziyingozi ezihlobene nokutheleleka okukhona esithasiselo okungenzeka zisakaze esiswini ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa, kanye nokukwazi ukutheleleka ekufakweni, okungahambisani izingozi ze-anesthesia ejwayelekile.

Izinkinga Ezivamile Ngemva Kokujwayelekile Anesthesia

• Isiyaluyalu / Ukuvuthwa : Ukuphikisana okuvame kakhulu emva kwe-anesthesia jikelele kuyisicasuli nokuhlanza. I-postusative ne-vomiting (PONV) ye-post esebenzayo ilula ukuvimbela kunokwelapha, futhi imithi eminingi iyatholakala iziguli ezithola le nkinga.

• Ukuzikhethela ukuthi ngabe isiguli sizobhekana nesicanucanu se-post operative nokuhlanza sinomlando wokuzihlambalaza nokuhlanza ngemuva kokuhlinzwa kwangaphambilini. Labo abaye bakuthola esikhathini esidlule banamathuba amaningi okuphinde bawabone, futhi bajwayele ukuxilongwa ukuze bavimbele ukuthi kungabikho futhi.
• Umkhuhlane / i-Hoarseness : Ngemva kokuba ithubhu yokuphefumula ifakwe, ingozi yomzimba noma izwi elizwakalayo elizwakalayo lingalindelwa, ikakhulukazi uma ukuhlinzwa kwakuyisikhathi eside. Nakuba lokhu ngokuvamile kungenakuvinjelwa, ukuphuza komlomo, i-lozenges neminye imithi esetshenziselwa ukunciphisa ubuhlungu be-throat kufanelekile ezinsukwini ngokushesha ngemuva kokuhlinzwa. Ukwesaba okungathuthuki emva kwezinsuku ezinhlanu kuya kwezingu-7 emva kokuhlinzwa kumele kuhanjiswe nomhlinzeki wezempilo.

• Umlomo omile : Le nkinga ngokuvamile ixazulula lapho isiguli sikwazi ukudla nokuphuza emva kokuhlinzwa. Umlomo uvuliwe kancane ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa ngenxa yethudu lokuphefumulela, futhi ngokuvamile uvame lapho isiguli sigula.
• Ukuphikisana / Ukukhukhumeza : Lokhu kuyisenzo esivamile emithini ehlinzekwa ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa futhi ngokuvamile ixazulula lapho imithi ivala. Kungabuye kubangelwe ukudonsa okuncane ekushiseni komzimba ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa, inkinga exazululwa kalula ngokumboza ngezingubo ezimbalwa ezengeziwe kuze kube yilapho izikhukhula ezibandayo zidlula. Ukuba khona komkhuhlane nakho kungabangela ukukhukhumeza nokuthuthumela, kodwa kuyinto engavamile kakhulu ngemva kokuhlinzwa ngaphandle uma ukutheleleka kube khona ngaphambi kwenqubo.
• Ukulala: Imithi esetshenziselwa i-anesthesia jikelele ingabangela ukulala nokuhlushwa kwabantu abaningi emahoreni alandela ukuhlinzwa. Ngokuvamile, emva kokulala okuhle ebusuku, iziguli zibonisa ukuthi zizizwa zifana nazo.
• I-Muscle Aches : Omunye wemithi esetshenziswa ngokuvamile nge-anesthesia ejwayelekile yayaziwa ukuthi ibangele ama-muscle aches. Ukuqamba amanga ngokuphelele endaweni eyodwa ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa kungase kubangele ama-muscle aches. Iziguli zivame ukukhononda ngobuhlungu bomzimba emva kwenqubo, ngokuvamile ubuhlungu obuya emuva, obangelwa ukuhluleka ukushintsha izikhundla ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa.
• Ukunambitha: Imithi ehlinzekwa ngesikhathi nangemva kokuhlinzwa ingaba, futhi ivame ukuyenza, iholele ekutheni ithole. Imithi yokuhlunguphazwa kwemithi eyaziwayo iyaziwa kakhulu ngokubangela ukuba itching, okuyinto evame ukuyihlamba kunokuba imithi ye-anesthesia.

Izinkinga Eziningi Ngemva Kwesibili Anesthesia

Ukudideka : Ukushintshwa kwesimo sengqondo, ikakhulukazi kulabo abadideka kalula ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa, ngezinye izikhathi kubonakala ngemuva kokuhlinzwa. Lokhu kuvame kakhulu kubantu abadala asebekhulile, banesifo sengqondo sokugula, isifo se-Alzheimer noma ezinye izimo ezenza kube khona ukudideka. Ukuhlanganiswa kwemithi kanye nokuthambekela kokudideka ngokuvamile kuvame ukwanda kwezimpawu kuze kube yilapho umzimba uqeda ngokuphelele i-anesthesia.

Ukushintsha okuvela emakhaya kuya engaziwa (esibhedlela, isikhungo sokuhlinzeka) kungadala ukudideka. Uma ukunakekelwa kunikezwa ku-ICU, lokhu kuyinto eyaziwayo engozini yokubili kokudabuka nokwehla kwesiphithiphithi, njengoba isiguli sivuselelwa ngaso sonke isikhathi ngezibani kuzo zonke amahora emini nobusuku, umsindo womshini wokubamba nokushaqisa, futhi njalo (okudingekayo) ukungenelela kwezokwelapha ngabasebenzi.

Ukuvuthwa okunzima : Ukuhlinzekwa kwe-anesthesia jikelele kuphazamisa imisipha yomzimba, futhi isisu sisisipha. Akukhona nje kuphela ukuthi imithi ingathinta isisu, kodwa ukuhlinza okuningi kudinga ukubekwa kwe-catheter ye-urinary. Ukususwa kwe-catheter yamanzi, ngokuvamile eyaziwa ngokuthi i- foley catheter , kungaphazamisa ikhono lokuguqula ezinsukwini ezilandelayo.

Ukuthukuthela kuvamile ngemuva kokuba kufakwe i-foley, engabangela ukushisa lapho uchama, okungasho ukuthi kukhona ukutheleleka kwamagciwane (UTI) okwamanje. Ngenkathi ukutheleleka komgogodla kungcono emva kokuba u-foley abekwe ukuhlinzeka, iziguli eziningi azihlangabezi nemiphumela emibi evela ku-catheter. Ezimweni ezingavamile, isiguli asikwazi ukuchama emva kokuhlinzwa , futhi lokhu kudinga ukunakekelwa ngokushesha kwezokwelapha.

I-Ileus : Njengoba nje isisu singakwazi ukukhubazeka ngemithi, kanjalo namathumbu, futhi uma amathumbu engavuki esikhathini esithile esithile, kubizwa ngokuthi i-ileus. Le nkinga ngokuvamile ixazulula ezinsukwini ngokushesha ngemuva kokuhlinzwa. Ngesikhathi sokuhlinzeka ngosuku olufanayo isiguli sivame ukugcinwa ekamelweni lokuphumula kuze kube yilapho beqala ukudlula igesi , isibonakaliso sokuthi abanalo i-ileus futhi bangaya ekhaya ngokuphepha.

Ukulukhuni ukuphuma ku-ventilator : Kulezi ziguli eziningi, ithubhu yokuphefumula isuswa ngokushesha nje lapho ukuhlinzwa sekuphelile futhi bayakwazi ukuphefumula ngokwabo kungakapheli imizuzu yokuqeda inqubo yabo. Ezinye iziguli, ngokuvamile ezigulane noma ezigulayo, zidinga isikhathi esengeziwe sokukhishwa ngempumelelo ngomoya. Iziguli ezingenakususwa ngokuphepha ephepheni ngokushesha emva kokuhlinzwa zingase zenze njalo ngemuva kwamahora ambalwa ukuvusa ngaphezulu emithini. Ezimweni ezingavamile, isiguli siyodinga ukuhlala isikhathi eside endaweni yokunakekelwa okujulile ngenkathi ithimba lezempilo lisebenza ukuze iguqule isiguli ngokuzimela.

Ukuphefumula / I-Pneumonia : Lokhu kuyinkinga enkulu engenzeka lapho ukudla noma uketshezi kukhishwa ngamaphaphu emaphashini ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa. Ngenxa yokuthi isiguli asikwazi, futhi ithubhu lokuphefumula isendaweni, kulula ukufaka izinto zangaphandle emaphashini. Ngesikhathi esivamile sokuphila kwansuku zonke sisho lokhu "ukwehla ipayipi engalungile" futhi sikhonsa noma ngabe yini. Ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa, akunakwenzeka ukukhwehlela, noma uqaphele ukuthi into ehla phansi ipayipi engafanele, eholela kumathe noma ngisho nokuhlanza ukuya emaphashini. Lokhu kungaholela ekuphefumulweni kwe-pneumonia ngemuva kokuhlinzwa, okubhekwa njengengcindezi engathí sina edinga ukwelashwa kwama-antibiotic futhi kungaholela ekutheni ungene esibhedlela kwezinye izimo.

Ama-blood clots : Ukuba ngesimo esifanayo amahora ambalwa ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa kungandisa ingozi yokwenza i-clot yegazi, eyaziwa ngokuthi i- vein thrombosis ejulile , ngemva kokuhlinzwa. Lezi zindwangu zivame ukwenzeka emaphethelweni, ikakhulukazi emilenzeni. Uma usuke wahlinzwa futhi wazibuza ukuthi kungani abasebenzi bekufuna wena futhi uhambe ngokushesha ngemva kokuba ukuhlinzwa kwakho kuqediwe, kwakuwukuvimbela ama-clots egazi ukuba awenze.

I-hyperthermia engalungile: Lesi yisimo esibi kakhulu esiyizo zofuzo, isenzo esithathwa njengefa ngokweminye imithi esetshenziswa ngesikhathi se-anesthesia engasongela ukuphila. Lesi simo sibangela ukuphazamiseka okukhulu komkhuhlane kanye nemisipha engabangela ukwehluleka komzimba uma kungatholakali futhi kuphathwa ngokushesha. Isiguli esinezihlobo nomlando we-hyperthermia embi singahlolwa ngaphambi kokuthola ama-anesthetics.

Ukuqwashisa kwe-anesthesia : lokhu kuyimvelo engavamile eyenza ukuthi i-anesthesia ingasebenzi ngokugcwele ekubangela ukungabi nalutho. Iziguli zibika okuhlangenwe nakho okuvela ekukhunjweni izingxenye zezingxoxo eziqhutshwa ekamelweni lokusebenza ngesikhathi senqubo yabo ukuze bakwazi ukubona, ukuzwa nokuzwa konke okwenzeka ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa. Ngenhlanhla, ukuqwashisa kwe-anesthesia akuvamile uma i-anesthesia efanelekile inikezwa ngesikhathi senqubo.

> Umthombo:

> I-Anesthesia Fact Sheet. I-National Institute of General Medical Sciences. Kufinyelelwe ngoMeyi, 2017. https://www.nigms.nih.gov/education/pages/factsheet_Anesthesia.aspx