I-Echolalia ingaba yisinyathelo sokuqala esibalulekile ekukhulumeni ulimi olukhulunywe.
Uma izingane ezizimele ziqala ukukhuluma, zingase zingenzi ngendlela efanayo nezinye izingane. Abaningi baqala ngokukopisha amagama abazwayo, kunokuba bazame ukusebenzisa imishwana namagama amasha abazodwa. Lokhu "ukuchofoza" kungaba isinyathelo sokuqala esibalulekile ekufundeni ukukhulumisana ngamazwi, noma kungaba nje ukuziphatha okuphindaphindiwe kwe-autistic.
Yini Echolalia?
I-Echolalia yiyona ephindaphindiwe ngokuqondile, noma echoing, yamagama nemisindo. Izingane ezine-autism zivame ukukhuluma ngamazwi, okusho ukuthi zisebenzisa amagama (futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nokusebenzisa lawo magama ngokufanele) - kodwa amagama abo kuthiwa ngendlela efanayo, futhi ngokuvamile ngezwi elifanayo, njengalezo ezizwile ku-TV bonisa, encwadini, kusuka othisha wabo, noma kusuka komunye umthombo.
I-Echolalia iyindlela ehlukile yokukhuluma, futhi kungenzeka kube yinye yezindlela zokuqala lapho ingane yakho isebenzisa inkulumo ukuxhumana. Ngakho-ke, nakuba kungachazwa njengesibonakaliso se-autism, kungase kube yindawo enhle yomhlengikazi womlimi noma okhuluma ulimi ukuqala ukusebenza nomntanakho. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kwezinye izimo, i-echolalia ayinayo incazelo yokuxhumana nhlobo.
Yini Echolalia Sound Like?
Ngezinye izikhathi i-echolalia yi-echo ngokushesha. Ngokwesibonelo, umama uthi "Johnny, ufuna ukuphuza?" futhi uJohnny uyaphendula "Ufuna isiphuzo." Kulokhu, uJohnny angase aphendule ngokufanele umbuzo womama, futhi angase afune kakhulu isiphuzo.
Kodwa esikhundleni sokusebenzisa inkulumo yombhalo efana no "yebo sicela," noma "Ngingathanda i-lemonade," ukhuluma ngegama lakhe eliqondile.
Njengoba nje i-echolalia ivame ukubambezeleka. Ingane ibukela isiqephu seSesame Street futhi, kamuva ngalolo suku, izwa ukuxoxa ngokubambisana phakathi kukaBert no-Ernie noma ukucula ingoma yezingoma.
Izingane ezine-autism zingase zibe nezinkumbulo ezingavamile ezingqondweni, futhi kwezinye izimo zingakhulume izingxenye ezinkulu zama-movie ozithandayo aphethwe ngamazwi nangezwi. Ngezinye izikhathi ingane ye-autistic ingasebenzisa amagama ka-Ernie ngenhloso ewusizo eyakhe; ngezinye izikhathi amagama asho nje imisindo ephindaphindiwe.
I-Echolalia esebenzayo futhi engasebenzi
Kwezinye izingane ezizimele ze-autistic, i-echolalia imane nje ukuphindaphindiwe kwemisindo engenamqondo. Ukubheka okungelona ukusebenza kwamazwi wangempela ngokuhleleka okunengqondo kungadukisa kakhulu abazali, njengoba kuzwakale sengathi ingane yabo isebenzisa ulimi olunenjongo uma lokho kungekho ngempela icala. Ingane ingase ikwazi ukuphinda isetshenziswe sonke isiqephu se-Sponge Bob kodwa ayikwazi ukuqonda ukuthi yiziphi izinhlamvu, ukuthi ziyini, noma ukuthi kusho ukuthini indaba. Kungenzeka ukuthi ukuphindaphinda kwezandi ezikhishwe ngekhanda kunomphumela wokuqeda ezinye izingane embukisweni.
I-echolalia esebenza kahle, noma kunjalo, ukusetshenziswa okufanelekile kwemisho ekhishwe ngekhanda ngenhloso yangempela. Isibonelo, ingane izwa umugqa ku-TV njengokuthi "uthole ubisi?" futhi kamuva, uma esomile, angase athi "uthole ubisi?" ngendwangu efanayo kanye nokugcizelela njengesikhangiso ku-TV. Futhi, kulokhu, ingane isebenzisa inkulumo ekhishwe ngekhanda noma ephindaphindiwe, kodwa manje isebenzisa ngendlela esebenzayo.
Ucela isiphuzo, futhi isicelo sakhe siqondakala - kodwa akahambanga namazwi akhe siqu.
Uma i-echolalia isebenza kahle, kuyimbangela yokugubha: ingane yakho ithuthukise ithuluzi lokukhulumisana nezidingo zakhe nezidingo, ngamazwi. Ukuthi wenze lokhu kusho ukuthi uyakwazi ukwenza okuningi, ngosizo lomuthi wezinkulumo.
Ngisho nalapho i-echolalia ingasebenzi kahle kakhulu kuvame ukuqala kahle kokukhuluma kanye / noma ukudlala ukwelapha. Isibonelo, umntwana angase abe ngekhanda izingxenye eziphelele zevidiyo oyintandokazi, bese uwaphindaphinda ngokuphindaphindiwe. Inhloso yengane ekubuyiseleni kungase kube ukuzithobisa noma ukunciphisa ukukhathazeka - kodwa ukuphindaphinda kungabonisa nokuthakazelisa kwangempela izici zevidiyo.
Kunoma yikuphi, ukudlala ukwelashwa okufana ne-Floortime kanye nokwelashwa kwenkulumo nomuntu owaziwa ngethrafikhi yokukhuluma nge-pragmatic kungasiza ingane yakho ukuba isebenzise kangcono amakhono olimi lakhe. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, inkulumo ye-echolalic yengane yakho cishe iyoba yinto evamile futhi isebenzayo.
Imithombo:
S teigler, LN. Ukuhlola izincwadi ze-echolalia: kuphi ama-pathologists olimi lokukhuluma? Am J Speech Lang Pathol. 2015 Nov; 24 (4): 750-62.
> Van Santen, Jan PH, et al. Ukuqhathanisa inkulumo ephindaphindiwe ekuphazamiseni kwe-autism spectrum nokukhubazeka kolimi. " Ucwaningo lwe-Autism: iphephandaba elisemthethweni le-International Society for Autism Research 6.5 (2013): 10.1002 / aur.1301. PMC . Iwebhu. 16 Julayi 2017.