Uma unomlando womndeni wesifo somdlavuza, kungenzeka ukuthi uzwile igama elithi "previvor." Uma unesifo se- genetic futhi ungakaze uzwe leli gama, ungathola ukuthi kusiza kusiza ukuthi kunzima ukuchaza, futhi uthole ukwesekwa.
Ake sibheke incazelo ye-prevolution, izinketho zokwelapha ezitholakalayo, imizwelo ekhethekile kanye nokwesaba okungaphumelela kokuthola, nokuthi yikuphi ukusekela okutholakalayo.
Incazelo
Igama elithi "previvor" lahlanganiswa yinhlangano ye-FORCE futhi libhekisela ekulondolozweni kwesimo somdlavuza. Ngamanye amagciwane, kunezinyathelo zokuvimbela ezingathathwa ekunciphiseni ingozi, kodwa ngokungafani nalabo abaye bathola ukuthi banomdlavuza, kukhona ulwazi oluncane lokuthi ungaqala kanjani. Yini okudingeka ukwazi ukuthi unikwe amandla njenge-prevolution noma ufunde ukuthi uyisandulela?
Ngamanye amagciwane, kunezivivinyo zokuhlola ezingasiza ekuqaleni. Ngezinye, kungase kube nokuhlinzwa noma imithi enganciphisa ingozi yokuthi uzoba nomdlavuza kuqala.
Isibonelo, uma umuntu ekhona, isibonelo, inguquko ye-BRCA1 yezakhi zofuzo ngenengozi ephakeme yokuthuthukisa umdlavuza webele noma we-ovarian, ungase uqale ukuhlolwa kokuqala nge-mammograms noma i- MRIs yebele . Labo abasengozini yomdlavuza wekoloni bangase baqale ukuhlolwa kwe- colonoscopy esemncane. Izindlela zokuzivikela zingase zibe khona futhi, njengoba kwakuyi-Angelina Jolie okhethweni okwenzayo nemastectomies yakhe ye-prophylactic.
Izizathu Zomunye Umuntu Angase Abe Isivivinyo
Kunezizathu eziningana zokuthi kungani umuntu engabhekwa njengesandulela. Zihlanganisa:
- Labo abanokushintshashintsha kwezakhi zofuzo ezivusa ingozi yomdlavuza, njenge-BRCA1 ne-BRCA2.
- Labo abanomlando onamandla womdlavuza. Amalungu omndeni amaningana anomhlobo owodwa womdlavuza noma abantu abanomdlavuza othile (njengesifo somdlavuza wamabele kwamanye amalungu kanye ne-pancreatic kwelinye) banokukhathazeka okwengeziwe kunabanye.
- Ukuba nengozi yomshuwalense ophakamisa ingozi yakho, isibonelo, unomlando wezifo zamathumbu ezivuthayo ezingakhuphula ingozi yomdlavuza wakho wekoloni.
Ukuthola Uma Ukhona
Iningi labantu "abavimbela phambili" cishe alingazi ukuthi leli gama liyavumelana. Ukuhlola i-Genetic yomdlavuza kungumcimbi wamuva nje, futhi ukuqaphela kwethu ngomdlavuza kuyingozi kakhulu nsuku zonke. Kubalulekile ukuthi wonke umuntu abe nokuqonda umlando womndeni wabo kanye nokuhlelwa kwezakhi zofuzo futhi afunde ngomdlavuza wefa kanye nokuhlolwa kofuzo uma kusebenza.
Njengoba ukuqonda komdlavuza wezingane kusemncane, kukhona ulwazi oluningi olungalungile ngaphandle kwalokhu. Akukhona ukuhlolwa kwegazi okulula okungakutshela ukuthi yikuphi ukukhansela ongase uthuthuke, futhi awukho imikhombandlela eqinile yezimo eziningi ezingenzeka.
Ukuqonda okuyisisekelo kwezibalo kubalulekile nalapho ufunda ngezingozi zofuzo zokugwema ukwesaba okungadingekile. Isibonelo, ungase uzwe ukuthi ukuba negazi elithile liphindaphinda ubungozi bakho bohlobo lomdlavuza. Izibalo ezifana nalezi zingadukisa. Uma kubhekisela emdlalweni njengengculaza yesifuba, umdlavuza owenzeka kumama-1 kwabayisishiyagalombili, lokhu kuyimbangela ebalulekile. Ukuba nezinkinga ezimbili kungakunikeza ingozi eyodwa kwezingu-4 zokuthuthukisa lesi sifo.
Ngokuphambene nalokho, uma umdlavuza ongavamile ungumuntu oyedwa kuphela kubantu abayi-100,000, ukuzwa ukuthi unecala kabili kungase kusabe. Noma kunjalo, lokhu kusho ukuthi ingozi yakho manje ingu-1 ku-50,000.
Uma unqikaze ukubuza amalungu omndeni wakho ukuthi yiziphi izimo ezigijime emndenini wakho, awusodwa. Kungaba ingxoxo engalungile ukuqala. Ungase ufune ukuhlola imibono yokuthi ungaba nengxoxo yomlando womndeni womdlavuza.
Izinselelo
Sizokwenza ezinye zezindlela zokwelashwa uma ungumuntu ongenasiphelo, ukucubungula umndeni, nokuthi ungabhekana kanjani nemizwelo, kodwa kubalulekile ukuba ukhulume kuqala ngokuthi kungani ukuvivinya umzimba kungaba inselele enjalo.
Phela, abanye abantu bangase bakhulume kahle kodwa okulimazayo, njengokuthi "okungenani awunayo umdlavuza!"
Labo abanomdlavuza wesibeletho bangase bangaqapheli izinselele zokuba yisandulela, njengoba kuphawuliwe kule nkulumo yokugcina. Ungase ucabange ukuthi abathintekayo kufanele bathole ukusekelwa okuwusizo kulabo asebevele baxilongwe, kodwa lokhu akuyona njalo indaba. Ngokudabukisayo, ngoba kukhona ukusekela okuncane kakhulu kwabakhubazekile kunabasindile. Njengesandulela, ungase uzizwe uwedwa futhi uwedwa.
Ukuba yisandulela ngukukhathazeka okukhathazayo, futhi ngezinye izindlela, le nkathazo ingaba yimbi nakakhulu kunayo yabasindile. Kungani? Uma uthola ukuthi unomdlavuza ungathola uhlelo lokwelapha. Ungenza okuthile. Esikhundleni salokho, njengesandulela-phambili, abantu babhekana nokwesaba okungaziwa nokungaqiniseki kwekusasa.
Omunye umehluko kuwukuhlelwa kokwelashwa. Izikhombisi-ndlela zikhona eziningi ze-khansa, futhi incologists eziningi zijwayele lezi. Yini okufanele uyenze njengesandulela ngculazi ukuze unciphise ingozi noma usizo ekutholeni umdlavuza ngokushesha? Akusobala ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ubuchwepheshe obusetshenziselwa ukuthola ukufakwa kwesimo (ikakhulukazi ukuhlolwa kofuzo) kudala ngemuva kokuqaphela ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi kukhona okukhona. Okufanayo kungase kwenzeke ekwelapheni kodwa kunemithwalo engokomzwelo. Cabanga nge- mastectomy kabili kumuntu omncane, owesifazane ongenalo umdlavuza.
Esicwaningweni esisodwa esibheka ukululekwa kokuzala ekukhusheni, kwafunyanwa ukuthi abangaphansi kwesigamu sezazi zempilo ababuzwa babejwayele abaphathi. Futhi, kulabo ababejwayelene nabo, iningi lalisho ukuthi ulwazi lwabo lwaluphansi noma olulinganiselwe.
I-Cancer Hereditary ngokumelene nezinguquko ze-Gene Specific
Ukufanekisa ezinye zezinselele ekuqondeni umdlavuza webele webele, kuyasiza ukukhuluma ngalokho okushiwo ngumdlavuza webele. Kungenzeka ukuthi uzwe nge-BRCA izakhi zofuzo, kepha lezi akhawunti kuphela 20 kuya 25 amaphesenti wegazi ezibelethwe ibele. Izinguquko ze-BRCA zicatshangwa ukuthi ziyingxenye emaphesenti angu-5 kuya ku-10 emdlavuza webele.
Kunezinhlobonhlobo ezingaphezu kwezingu- 72 zokuguqula izakhi zofuzo ezihlobene nomdlavuza wesifuba , ezinye zazo ezingengozi enkulu futhi ezinye zazo zingengozini ephansi. Ngaphezulu kwalokhu, cishe kuningi esingazitholi. Ukuhlola kutholakala ukuguqulwa kwe-BRCA, kanye nabanye, kodwa isikhathi esiningi abesifazane abahlakulela umdlavuza webele wenyama abaqapheli ingozi yabo. Yingakho kubalulekile ukucabangela umlando womndeni futhi ungaboni ukuhlolwa kofuzo kuphela. Eqinisweni, odokotela abathile bakholelwa ukuthi noma ubani onesifo sokuhlolwa kwegciwane kufanele futhi abone umeluleki wezakhi zofuzo. Umeluleki wezakhi zofuzo angase abe nomuzwa wokuthi ingozi ikhona ngokubheka umlando wakho womndeni noma ngabe izivivinyo zakho zivamile.
Ukuphatha Izingozi Zakho
Ukuphatha ukulingana kwakho nomdlavuza kuzoxhomeka ezintweni eziningana, kufaka phakathi uhlobo lomdlavuza, ingozi ehambisanayo yokuthi ungahlakulela umdlavuza, iminyaka yakho, nokunye okuningi. Umuntu ngamunye uhlukile, futhi indlela ingahluka kubantu ngabanye kuye ngokuthi yikuphi ekuphileni kwabo. Uma ufisa ukuba nomndeni, ukukhishwa kwama-ovari wakho ngeke kube yindlela enhle, kodwa uma usuqedile umndeni wakho futhi unokuguqulwa kwe-BRCA okungenzeka.
Ake sibheke ezinye izibonelo zokuhlola (ukusiza ekutholeni kokuqala) kanye nokwelashwa (ukunciphisa ingozi) okungase kucatshangelwe.
Izibonelo zokhetho zokwelapha zihlanganisa:
- Izibalo zokuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo ezinezimo eziphakeme zesifo somdlavuza webele (BRCA1 noma i-BRCA2).
- Ukususwa kwama-ovari nama-tublopian tubes kwabesifazane abane-BRCA izakhi zofuzo.
Izinketho zokuhlola ziwukuphela kokukhethwa kwamanye khansela. Isibonelo, uma umuntu enesifo somdlavuza wesifo samaphaphu, akakwazi nje ukucela ukususwa kwamaphaphu amabili. Kulesi simo, ukuhlolwa kokuqala, noma ukucwaninga kaningi kungacatshangwa. Izibonelo zifaka:
- Ukuhlolwa kwangaphambili kanye / noma i-MRIs yomdlavuza webele.
- Izivivinyo ze-GYN nama-ovarian ultrasounds ukuthola umdlavuza we-ovari.
- I-Colonoscopy ukuhlolela umdlavuza wekoloni (enezinye ze-syndromes ezizalwa njenge- Lynch syndrome lokhu kungase kuqalwe ekupheleni kwengane).
- I-PSA nokunye ukuhlolwa kwamadoda ane-BRCA. (Nge-BRCA, amadoda angashintshayo angase angabi nomthelela wokuthuthukisa umdlavuza wesifo sofuba kodwa angase ahlakulele umdlavuza wesifo sofuba. Isibalo seminyaka engu-5 sokusinda samadoda anesifo somdlavuza we-prostate manje samaphesenti angu-99, kanti izinga lokusinda iminyaka emihlanu lamadoda ukuguqulwa kwe-BRCA ngamaphesenti angu-50).
- Izikhathi zokwelapha ezivivinywa njalo nomlando womndeni we-melanoma.
Ukubhekana Nezizwelo
Uma ufunde ukuthi uyisandulela, mhlawumbe uzizwa kokubili ukhathazekile futhi ucindezelekile. Ukukhathazeka ngenxa yokungaqiniseki nokukhathazeka ngoba iziqondiso, uma zikhona nhlobo, azicacile.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ungase uzwe noma ubuzwe ububele obufanele. Amazwana okukhulunywe ngenhla, "okungenani awunayo umdlavuza," kukhulunywa kakhulu kaningi. Lokho esikufundile ngokusinda komdlavuza wukuthi ukujula kwemizwa ezwayo kufana nokuthi ngabe umuntu uthola ukuthi unesifo somdlavuza ophulukisiwe, noma uthola ukuthi unesifo somdlavuza ophuthumayo noma wokuphela.
Uma utshelwe ukuthi uyisisulu esiphuthumayo, uyadinga uhlobo loxhaso olungawuthola uma unomdlavuza, futhi mhlawumbe ngaphezulu. Ukuba nokuxilongwa okuqondile, ngisho noma kubi, ngezinye izikhathi kunzima kunokubhekana nokungaziwa.
Ukuthola Ukusekela
Ukuthola ukwesekwa kuyadingeka uma uyisivivinyo. Sizwa okuningi mayelana nokusekela okubalulekile kulabo abaye bathola ukuthi banomdlavuza. Ukusekelwa sekuye kwaxhunyaniswa nokusinda ezifundweni ezimbalwa! Labo abathintekayo emaqenjini okusekela umdlavuza bavame ukuveza ukuthi lezi zixhumanisi ziyigugu kangakanani ngisho noma zinezihlobo nabangane abangisekelayo. Kuqinisekisa ukukhuluma nomuntu othi "uyitholile" futhi uyaqonda ngempela ukuthi uyaphi.
Kuyafana nalabo abasengcupheni, abangase bazizwe behlukaniswe bobabili abangenazo izimo kanye nalabo abanomdlavuza. Izinhlangano ezifana ne-FORCE (Ukubhekana Nengozi Yethu Yokunikezwa Amandla Emdlavuza) zikhona lapho. Amaqembu e-Facebook aphuma, futhi kukhona abantu abakhuthele kwezinye izingxenyekazi zenhlalo. Uma ufisa ukubheka kuma-social media ukwesekwa, i-hashtag yi-#previvor.
Amathiphu
Amathiphu ambalwa wabakhubazekile ahlelekile, nakuba wonke umuntu ehlukile.
- Funda ngokuzikhethela kwakho. Lesi yisimo esisodwa lapho ulwazi lungamandla khona ngempela.
- Yamukela ukuthi akubona wonke umuntu owazi ukwesaba nokungaqiniseki okuhambisana nokuba nomdlavuza.
- Thola udokotela (o) oqondisisa izakhi zofuzo zomdlavuza futhi unentshisekelo nokuhlangenwe nakho kokunciphisa ingozi nokutholakala kokuqala.
- Yiba nommeli phakathi komndeni wakho nabangani abangakwazi ukukumela uma ugxekwa nganoma iyiphi indlela oyithathayo.
- Zama izindlela zokuqondisa izingxoxo lapho abantu abakutshela khona okufanele ukwenze. Uma ukhuluma ngokukhululekile ngokuba yisandulela-ngqondo ungaba nabangane abahlose kahle ukuthi batusa konke okuvela ekudleni kwesojolothi kuphela emanzini asanda kutholakala e-Amazon. Khumbula ukuthi abantu bavame ukuthola izeluleko eziningi nemibono yokuthi bangaphatha kanjani umdlavuza noma ukuguquka, kuphela ukushintsha izingqondo zabo uma bezitholile ngokwabo.
- Thola ukwesekwa.
Izwi elivela
Uma ufunde ukuthi unesimo somdlavuza, ungase uzwe uzikhathazekile. Sekuyiminyaka yamuva nje ukuthi sesinezivivinyo zofuzo ezitholakalayo noma ezaziwa ngezinye izikhathi ezibekiwe. Lokhu kungakushiya ucindezelekile.
Ukufunda okuningi ngangokunokwenzeka mayelana nokujwayela kwakho nokubeka ingozi ekuboneni kuyasiza kakhulu. Ukuthola ochwepheshe bezempilo abanesithakazelo futhi abashukumisekile ukukusiza kuyimfuneko, kodwa ukuthola ukusekelwa kwabanye okufana nokubhekana nesimo sangaphambili kuyigugu.
> Imithombo:
> Gietel-Habets, J., de Die-Smulders, C., Tjan-Heiginen, V. et al. Ulwazi lwezobuchwepheshe, isimo sengqondo nokudluliswa kokuziphatha kokuhlolwa kwesifo se-Preplantation ye-Hereditary Breast ne-Ovarian Cancer. Ukukhiqiza Biomedicine Online . 2018. 36 (2): 137-144.
> Leonarczyk, T., no B. Mawn. Ukuphathwa Kwengozi Yokuphathwa Kwemdlavuza We-BRCA + Abesifazane. West Journal of Nursing Research . 2015. 37 (1): 66-84.
> Robson, M., Bradbury, A., Arun, B. et al. UmNyango we-American Society of Clinical Oncology Policy Statement Update: Genetic and Genomic Testing for Cancer Susceptibility. I-Journal ye-Clinical Oncology . 33 (31): 3660-3667.