Izinhlobo zomdlavuza obangela amagciwane okufanele wazi
Zikhona yini amagciwane abangela umdlavuza? Uma kunjalo, yiziphi amagciwane, abangela kanjani umdlavuza, futhi yiziphi i-cancer eziyibangela? Ingabe ikhona indlela yokuvimbela lokhu ukuthi kwenzeke?
Ama-virus ayingqikithi evamile yeCanscer
Ungase ucabange ngamagciwane amaningi njengengcindezi ebangela ukushisa okuvamile , kodwa amanye alawa ma microorganis enza okuningi. Eqinisweni, kucatshangwa ukuthi emhlabeni jikelele, cishe 20% wegciwane lesandulela ngculazi kubangelwa amagciwane.
E-United States, lelo nani liphansi, kodwa amagciwane asacatshangelwa ukuthi abangele phakathi kuka-5 no-10% wegciwane lekhansela.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi iningi lamagciwane awubangeli umdlavuza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngisho noma amagciwane adala ukushintshashintsha kwezakhi zofuzo ezidingekayo ukuze iseli libe nomdlavuza, iningi lala maseli alimele lisuswe amasosha omzimba wethu. Uma ukutheleleka kwegciwane kuholela emdlalweni, okubuye ukwazi ukubalekela isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela, kunezinye izici emsebenzini, njengoba kuboniswe ngezansi.
I-Cancer Cancer Cancer?
I-virus ayiyona into engaphezu kuka-DNA noma i-RNA ehlanganiswe nge-coat coat. Okubenza bahluke ngukuthi aziqukethe izinto ezidingekayo zokusebenza ngokwabo. Baphoqeleka ukuba bahlasele iseli elisha (kungaba isitshalo, isilwane, noma amabhaktheriya) ukuze zikhule futhi zikhiqize. Kunezindlela eziningana ukuthi igciwane lingabangela umdlavuza.
- Amanye amagciwane angabangela ukuvuvukala okungapheli. Ukuvuvukala okwenziwe kubangele ukwehlukaniswa kwamaseli ekwenzeni amangqamuzana ukuba athathe amangqamuzana awonakele. Noma nini amaseli ahlukana, kunengozi ukuthi ukuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo kuzokwenzeka. Ngakho-ke, ukuvuvukala okubangelwa ezinye zalezi zinambuzane kuholela ekwandeni kwamaseli, okwenza kube lula ukuthi amaphutha ezakhiweni zofuzo azokwenzeka, ekugcineni aholele emdlalweni.
- Amanye amagciwane angalimaza ngqo i-DNA emangqamuzaneni abangela umdlavuza.
- Amanye amagciwane angashintsha amasosha omzimba ukuze angakwazi ukulwa namaseli omdlavuza.
Ama-Virus awaziwayo okwenza umdlavuza
Amagciwane e-Cancer angaba i-DNA noma i-RNA virus. Ama-virus awaziwayo okwenza umdlavuza abhalwe ngezansi, nakuba kungenzeka ukuthi abanye bazotholakala esikhathini esizayo.
Qaphela nokuthi kunezinye amabhaktheriya nezinambuzane ezihlobene nokuthuthukiswa komdlavuza.
I-Human Papillomavirus (HPV) neCanscer
I-papillomavirus yomuntu (i-HPV) igciwane lesandulela ngculazi elichaphazela abantu baseMelika abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-20. Uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lokutheleleka ngocansi. Kukhona izinkinga ezingaphezu kwekhulu ezikhona ze-HPV, kodwa cishe ku-30 kuphela kulabo okucatshangelwa ukuthi kubangele umdlavuza.
Izinkinga ze-HPV ezivame ukuhambisana nomdlavuza zihlanganisa i-HPV 16 ne-HPV 18.
Ukugonywa kwe-HPV - ukudubula okuvikela i-HPV 16 ne-HPV 18 - kuyatholakala ezinganeni eziphakathi kweminyaka engu-11 no-12, futhi zinganikezwa kusukela ekuqaleni kweminyaka yobudala engu-9 futhi zibe nezindala ezineminyaka engu-26.
I-Cancer okwamanje ehlotshaniswa nezifo ze-HPV ihlanganisa:
- Umdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho - Izinkinga eziphezulu ze-HPV zithwala cishe zonke izifo zomdlavuza wesibeletho
- Umdlavuza weVulvar - ama-69% we-vulvar kansela abangelwa i-HPV
- Umdlavuza we-analysis - Amaphesenti angama-91 ekhansela elidala adala i-HPV
- Umdlavuza we-vaginal - 75% wamagciwane e-vaginal ngenxa ye-HPV
- Umdlavuza we-Penile - 63% wegciwane le-penile lihlobene ne-HPV.
- Umdlavuza wekhanda nomhlathi - Kucatshangwa ukuthi u-72% wegciwane lesandulela ngculazi eduze komphimbo uhlobene ne-HPV.
Kwamanye amanyevuza, idatha ayifani nakancane.
Isibonelo, i- HPV ixhunyaniswe nomdlavuza wamaphaphu , kodwa aziwa ukuthi i-HPV iyasiza ekuthuthukiseni umdlavuza wamaphaphu, uma kunalokho, ukuba nomdlavuza wamaphaphu kwandisa ithuba lokuthola i-HPV, noma uma kwenzeka kube yinto engahleliwe futhi ayihambisani.
Ngokujabulisayo, kubonakala sengathi ezinye ze-khansela zinezibikezelo ezingcono uma zihlobene nezifo ze-HPV. Isibonelo, umdlavuza womphimbo ocatshangelwa ukuthi ubangelwa ukuhlanganiswa kokubhema nokuphuza utshwala kunesifo esibi kakhulu kunelabo abazwa sengathi babangelwa i-HPV.
I-Hepatitis B ne-Cancer
Ukutheleleka nge- virus ye-Hepatitis B (HBV) kwandisa ingozi yokuba nesifo somdlavuza wesibindi .
Lezi zifo ezithathelwana ngegciwane ziyasakazwa kakhulu ngokudluliselwa kwegazi, umuthi, nezinye izikhukhula zomzimba kusuka komuntu oyedwa kuya kwesinye. Izindlela ezijwayelekile zokuchayeka zihlanganisa ubulili obuvikelekile, ukudluliselwa kosana kumntwana ngesikhathi sokubeletha, kanye nokwabelana kwezinaliti ezinomzimba (okuvame ukusetshenziselwa ukugujwa, kepha kungenzeka ngesikhathi sokudweba).
Iningi labantu lilulameka ngenxa yokutheleleka kwesifo se-hepatitis B (cishe amaphesenti angama-70 anezibonakaliso kanti amanye ama-30% ayenamandla), kodwa abanye abantu bayaqhubeka nokuhlaselwa isifo esingenasifo nesifo sofuba esibhedlela, ikakhulukazi labo abathola lesi sifo ebuntwaneni babo abangenayo izimpawu. Umdlavuza wesibindi kwenzeka ngokuvamile phakathi kwalabo abane-hepatitis B engapheli (abathwali be-hepatitis B.)
Iningi lezingane ezizalwa kusukela ngawo-1980 ziye zagonywa nge-hepatitis B, kanti abantu abadala abangazange bagonwe kufanele bacabange ukwenza kanjalo.
I-Hepatitis C neCanscer
Ukutheleleka kwesifo se-Hepatitis C futhi kwandisa ingozi yokuba nesifo somdlavuza wesibindi. Kuze kube yi-1980, ukutheleleka kwesifo sofuba (HCV) kwaziwa ngokuthi yi-non-A non-B hepatitis. Ukutheleleka kokuqala kungase kube nezimpawu, kodwa inani elikhulu labantu abanalo izimpawu. Ngokungafani nesifo se-hepatitis B , lapho lesi sifo esingahlali singapheli khona, cishe abantu abangama-80% abane-hepatitis C bakhula ukutheleleka okungapheli.
Njengoba amasosha omzimba aqhubeka nokuhlasela igciwane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, i-fibrosis iyaqala, ekugcineni iholele ku-cirrhosis. Lokhu kuvutha okungapheli nakho kungabangela umdlavuza wesibindi.
Igciwane lisakazwa ngegazi elithathelwanayo, njengokumpontshelwa nokusetshenziswa kabi kwezidakamizwa, kodwa abantu abaningi abanalo izizathu ezibonakalayo zobungozi zesifo. Manje kunconywa ukuthi abantu abadala abazalwa phakathi kuka-1945 no-1965 bahlolwe lesi sifo, kanye nabanye abangase basengozini.
I-Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) ne-Cancer
Igciwane le-Epstein-Barr livame ukubonakala ngokubangela i-mononucleosis kodwa lihlobene nokuthuthukiswa kwezinhlobo eziningana ze-lymphoma . Lokhu kufaka phakathi
- I-posttransplant lymphoma - Phakathi kwabangu-1 no-20% abantu bahlakulela i-lymphoma ngemuva kokufakelwa komzimba, futhi cishe zonke lezi zihlobene ne-Epstein-Barr virus infections.
- I-lymphoma ehlobene ne-HIV.
- I-burkitt's lymphoma - E-Afrika, i-Burkitt's lymphoma inesibopho sehafu yengane yesifo somntwana, kanti u-98% walezi zihlobene negciwane le-Epstein-Barr. Isixhumanisi phakathi kwe-Epstein Barr ne-Burkitt's lymphoma asinamandla ezinganeni eziphethe lesi sifo e-United States, futhi kucatshangwa ukuthi i-malaria ingenza buthakathaka amasosha omzimba kubantwana base-Afrika evumela ukuthi igciwane liguqule amangqamuzana abe ngumdlavuza.
- I-lymphoma ye-Hodgkin - Kucatshangwa ukuthi igciwane le-Epstein-Barr lidlala indima ema-40 kuya ku-50% wezifo ze-Hodgkin isifo e-US
I-Epstein-Barr virus iyaziwa ukuthi ibangela i-nasopharyngeal carcinoma kanye ne-gastric carcinoma.
I-Human Immunodeficiency Virus (i-HIV) ne-Cancer
I-HIV nomdlavuza kuxhunyaniswa ngezindlela ezimbalwa . Njengoba nje sazi iminyaka eminingi ukuthi izidakamizwa zokuzivikela zingenza buthakathaka isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela ngenxa yomshuwalense, ukuguquka kwamagciwane okubangelwa igciwane lesandulela ngculazi kungabangela abantu abanesifo sengculaza ukuba babangele umdlavuza. I-non-Hodgkin lymphoma, i-Hodgkin lymphoma, i-CNS i-lymphoma eyinhloko, i-leukemia, ne-myeloma yonke ihlobene nokutheleleka. Njengoba kuphawuliwe ngenhla, kubonakala sengathi i-HIV inciphisa isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela (njengoba kwenza malaria) evumela igciwane le-Epstein Barr ukuba libangele ushintsho oludingekayo ukuze i-lympohocytes ibe lymphoma.
Ngaphezu kwe-lymphomas, i-HIV yandisa ingozi ye-Kaposi's sarcoma, umdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho, umdlavuza wamaphaphu, umdlavuza womdlavuza, nomdlavuza wesibindi.
I-T- Lymphotrophic Virus (i-HTLV-1) ne-Cancer
I-HTLV-1 iyi-retrovirus (efana ne-HIV) ebangela ukuthi umuntu omdala we-T-cell i-leukemia / i-lymphoma.
I-Human Herpes Virus 8 (HHV-8) ne-Cancer
I-HHV-8 ingabangela i-sarcoma ye-Kaposi futhi yaziwa nangokuthi i-KSHV-Kaposi sarcoma herpes virus.
I-Merkel Cell Polyomavirus
I-Merkel cell polyomavirus - eyaziwa njengoMcPyV - ingabangela uhlobo lomdlavuza wesikhumba owaziwa ngokuthi i-Merkel cell carcinoma. Kodwa nakuba igciwane livame kakhulu kubantu bonke, umdlavuza obangelwa yinto engavamile.
Ukuvimbela
I-ounce yokuvimbela iyadingeka isisindo semithi, futhi kuyaphawuleka ukuthi eziningi zala ma virus angabangela umdlavuza zidluliselwa kusuka kumuntu kuya komuntu. Ukusebenzisa ubulili obuphephile futhi hhayi ukwabelana ngezinaliti kuyindlela eyodwa yokunciphisa ingozi. Ukubaluleka kokuphila okunempilo ngokujwayelekile - ukudla okulungile nokuzivocavoca - kugcizelela ekuboneni ukuthi umsebenzi wokuzivikela omzimba ungakhuphula kanjani ingozi yezinye zegciwane lesandulela ngculaza.
Ukuvimbela umdlavuza obangelwa amagciwane kuyindawo ejabulisayo yocwaningo - ikakhulukazi umqondo wokukwazi ukuvimbela ezinye zalezi zomshukela ngokusebenzisa imithi yokuvimbela igciwane ukuba lingene emzimbeni kuqala.
Encwadini yokugcina, ososayensi basebenzela inhlanganisela ehlukene yamagciwane kanye nomdlavuza futhi basebenzisa amanye amagciwane ukulwa nomdlavuza esikhundleni sokubangela.
Imithombo:
Amasevisi Okulawula Nokuvimbela Izifo. I-Link Between HPV ne Cancer.
Amasevisi Okulawula Nokuvimbela Izifo. Izincomo zokuhlola ze-Hepatitis C Infection.
Geng, L., no-X. Wang. Izifo eziphathelene ne-Epstein-Barr ezihlobene ne-Virus: ezihlotshaniswayo nezokutholwa komtholampilo. I-International Journal of Medicine Clinical and Experimental Medicine . 2015. 8 (9): 14656-71.
Grundhoff, A., noN. Fischer. I-Merkel cell polyomavirus, igciwane elivame kakhulu elinamandla amakhulu. Umbono wamanje ku-Virology . 2015. 14: 129-37.
I-National Cancer Institute. Agents ezithathelwanayo.
UVedham, V., Verma, M., noSahabir. Ukuqala kwesikhashana ukuvezwa kwezigciwane ezithathelwanayo kanye nentuthuko yomdlavuza kamuva. I-Cancer Medicine . 2015. 4912): 1908-22.