I-FAQs Nge-Dysplasia ye-Bronchopulmonary Ezinganeni Zaphambi Kokuqala
I-dysplasia ye-bronchopulmonary, noma i-BPD, uhlobo lwesifo se-lungs esithinta izingane ezingenesikhathi esasidinga ukwesekwa kokuphefumula ngemuva kokuzalwa. I-BPD ifomu le-chronic lung disease, noma i-CLD.
Sibutsetelo
I-BPD ingumphumela wesikhathi eside wokuqeda ukuqina okubangelwa ukuvuvukala nokwehla emaphashini wengane. Lezi zinguquko zamaphaphu zenza kube nzima ezinganeni nge-BPD ukuphefumula kahle ngaphandle kokusekelwa ukuphefumula.
Uma unomntwana ongakabi yisikhathi ku-NICU oneminyaka endala noma ngaphezulu futhi usadinga ukwesekwa kokuphefumula (nasal cannula, CPAP, noma umoya we-ventilation), ingane yakho ingaba ne-BPD.
Izimpawu
Ukucindezela ukuphefumula okuphefumulayo yisisindo esiyinhloko se-BPD. Amantombazane ane-BPD angadinga oksijini okwengezayo ukuze alondoloze ukuphefumula okuphephile oksijini . Ukuphefumula okuphuthumayo, ukuphuphuma kwesisu, kanye nokukhishwa kwesifuba nakho kuvamile.
Nakuba i-BPD ihlasela kakhulu amaphaphu, ingabangela izimpawu kuwo wonke umzimba. Amantombazane ane-BPD kufanele asebenze kanzima kunabanye abantwana abaphefumule, nokuncelisa noma ukuphuza amabhodlela kwenza kube nzima kakhulu ukusebenza. Bashisa amafutha amaningi okuphefumula, futhi badla isikhathi esinzima. Ngenxa yalokhu, bavame ukuba nezinkinga zokudla okunomsoco ezifana nokunciphisa umzimba obuthakathaka futhi bangathuthukisa ukuphikisa komlomo.
Inhliziyo namaphaphu zixhunyiwe, futhi izinkinga emaphashini zivame ukuthinta inhliziyo. Izinkinga ze-cardiac ezifana nokuhluleka kwe-heart congestive kanye ne- cor pulmonale zingatholakala ezinganeni ezine-BPD.
Ukuxilongwa
Ngaphambi kokuthola ingane yakho nge-BPD, odokotela bazobuka izici eziningana. Ingane yakho ingatholakala ukuthi ine-dysplasia ye-bronchopulmonary uma inayo:
- Umlando wokusekela ukuphefumula: imiphumela ye-BPD esuka ekulimazeni kwamaphaphu okungenzeka uma umoya uphoqeleka emaphashini, ngokuvamile ngeventilator noma ekungeneni kwe-pressure ventilation (PPV). Ukwelashwa kwe-oksijeni nakho kungalimaza izicubu zamaphaphu.
- Ukuphikelela ukucindezeleka kokuphefumula: Izinsana ezine-BPD zivame ukucindezeleka okuphefumula okuhlala isikhathi eside kunezinsuku zokuqala ezingu-28 zokuphila noma kuze kube ngemva kokuba ingane ifike emasontweni angama-36 eminyaka. Lezi zingane ziphefumule ngokushesha, zifuduze, zinezinkinga zokugcina umoya omuhle we-oxygen, noma zibukeka sengathi zisebenza kanzima ukuphefumula.
- I-X-Rays ebonisa i-BPD: I- X-ray ingasetshenziswa ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa kwe-BPD. Ngama-x-ray, amaphaphu omntwana one-BPD abukeka evuliwe futhi amathishu amaphaphu ayedlula kunejwayelekile. Amapayipi abukeka "angenangqondo" futhi lokho okutholakele akutholaki kangcono ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Ukwelapha
I-BPD yisimo esingapheli, futhi isikhathi yilapho kuphela ukwelashwa. Njengoba ingane yakho ikhula, izodla amasha, amathishu amaphaphu anempilo futhi izimpawu zizohamba ngcono. Ezinye izingane ezine-BPD ziphuma zonke izibonakaliso zesifo ngesikhathi sokuya esikoleni sasenkulisa, kanti abanye bazoba nezinkinga zomphefumulo wesikhathi eside ezifana ne-asthma noma izifo ezivamile zamaphaphu.
Ngesikhathi ingane yakho isencane, umgomo wokwelapha ukunciphisa izimpawu ngenkathi amaphaphu ekhula futhi evuthiwe. Imithi ejwayelekile ye-BPD ihlanganisa:
- Ukusekelwa ngokuphefumula: Amantombazane ane-BPD angahle adinge ukuthi abe nge-oksijeni eyenezela izinyanga. Lezi zingane zingase zikhishwe ku-NICU zidinga oksijini ekhaya. Izinsana eziningi ezine-BPD zidinga i-cannula yomzimba ukuze zinike umoya-mpilo ngemuva kokuya ekhaya; Abanye badinga ukuphuma kwe-tracheostomy kanye ne-mechanical mechanical full or part time.
- Ama-Nebulizers: I-nebulazer umshini ophendula imithi ibe yimpumputhe engaphefumulelwa emaphashini. Iziguli ezine-BPD zingasebenzisa i- bronchodilators engabhalwa ukuvula amaphaphu abo, noma i- steroids e- inhaled ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala.
- I-Diuretics: I-edema ye-pulmonary, uphawu lwe-BPD, uhlobo lokuvuvukala emaphashini okwenzeka lapho uketshezi kwakha emathangeni amaphaphu. Uketshezi oluthe xaxa emaphashini kungenza kube nzima ukuphefumula futhi kungenza i-BPD ibe yimbi nakakhulu. Ukunikeza ama-diuretics (ngezinye izikhathi okubizwa ngokuthi "amaphilisi amanzi") kungasiza ukunciphisa uketshezi emaphashini futhi kwenze kube lula ukuphefumula.
- Ukudla okuphezulu kwekhalori: Ngoba ukudla kunzima ezinganeni ezine-BPD, azikwazi njalo ukungenisa amakholori anele ukuze athole isisindo. Odokotela bangase banikeze ifomula ekhethekile ye-preemie ngamakholori amaningi kunomsoco womntwana ovamile noma kungenzeka ukuthi omama baqinise ubisi babo besifuba ngamakholori engeziwe ukuze kube lula ezinganeni nge-BPD ukuze zithole isisindo.
Imiphumela Yesikhathi Eside
Iningi lezingane ezinesifo se-BPD ezinezimpawu zazo futhi zizoholela impilo enempilo ende. Ngeminyaka engaba ngu-2 ubudala, i-dysplasia ye-bronchopulmonary ivame ukuxazululwa futhi lezi zinsizwa zibe nomsebenzi wamaphaphu evamile.
Ezinye izinsana, ikakhulukazi labo abanezinye izinkinga zempilo ezihlobene nokuphelelwa isikhathi, zingase zibe nezinkinga zesikhathi eside zamaphaphu. Amantombazane ane-BPD angase abe engozini ephezulu yemiphumela yesikhathi eside yokuqeda isimo esingaphambene namaphaphu. Izinkinga ze-neurological ezifana nokukhubazeka kokufunda, ukukhubazeka kwesibindi , nokulibaziseka kwentuthuko konke kuvame kakhulu ezinganeni ezine-BPD.
Ukunakekelwa Kwekhaya Kwangemva Kwokwelashwa
Uma umntwana wakho ene-BPD, umgomo wakho oyinhloko ngemuva kokukhishwa kwesibhedlela ukusiza ukuba ahlale enempilo. Ngokuqinisekisa ukuthi ingane yakho ithola ukudla okunomsoco futhi ihlala igciwane lesandulela ngculazi, uzosiza amaphaphu wengane yakho ukuba ikhule.
Ukutheleleka kuyisongo esikhulu kwengane ene-BPD. Ngisho nokushisa okuncane kungaguqula ukutheleleka kwamaphaphu, ngakho qiniseka ukuthi wonke umuntu oxhumana nomntanakho uyahlanza izandla. Buza udokotela wakho uma ingane yakho ifaneleka ukuthola i-Synagis ukuvimbela ama- RSV , futhi uhlale ezindaweni ezingabantwana zokunakekelwa kwengane isikhathi eside ngangokunokwenzeka.
Ukugcina ukudla okunempilo nakho kubaluleke kakhulu kumntanakho. Uma uncelisa, ulondoloze isikhathi eside ngangokunokwenzeka. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kunesidlo sakho sebele noma ibhodlela, qinisekisa ukuthi ingane yakho ithola ukudla okunempilo kakhulu ngangokunokwenzeka.
Funa ukungenelela kokuqala embonisweni yokuqala yokuphuza ukuthuthukiswa noma izinkinga zezinzwa. Ukungenela kwangasese kungasiza ekubambeni izimpawu ezicashile ukuthi ingane yakho ingase ingaboni izigameko ezingokwenyama nangokwengqondo ngesikhathi, futhi ingasiza ingane yakho ukuba ibambe oontanga.
Ukuvimbela
Esikhathini esedlule, izandulela eziningi zine-BPD ekukhishwe esibhedlela. Ngenxa yentuthuko ngendlela odokotela abanakekela ngayo izingane ezingakabiphi, izinga le-BPD liye lahla kakhulu eminyakeni engamashumi amabili edlule. Odokotela bayasiza ukuvimbela i-BPD ngokusebenzisa ukucindezelwa kwe-ventilator ephansi, ngokusebenzisa i-CPAP esikhundleni se-ventilators uma kunokwenzeka, futhi ngokusebenzisa amazinga aphansi e-oxygen. Ukunakekelwa kwezingane eziqhubekayo kuqhubeka nokuqhubekela phambili, futhi ngethemba lokuthi izinga lomphumela ojulile, wesikhathi eside wokubeletha ngaphambi kwesikhathi uzoqhubeka nokuncipha.
Imithombo:
> Gracey, K., Talbot, D., uLankford, R., noDodge, P. "Ibhokisi lokufundisa lomndeni: Iyini i-Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia?" Intuthuko Ekunakekelweni Kwangasese. Dec. 2002. 2: 339-340.
U-Romanko, E. "Ukunakekela Izingane ne-Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia Ekulungiseni Ikhaya." Umhlengikazi wezempilo ekhaya. Feb. 2005. 23: 95-103.
I-Tropea., K. no-Christou, H. "Izindlela ezihamba phambili ze-Pharmocologic zokuvimbela nokwelashwa kwe-Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia." I-International Journal of Pediatrics . NgoNovemba 4, 2011. 2012: amakhasi angu-9.