Uma une-hepatitis ye-viral, kungenzeka wazi ukuthi kunezindlela ezehlukene lapho amagciwane angasakazeka khona. Ngakho lokhu kusho ukuthini uma unomntwana? Uzokwazi yini ukuncelisa? Yiziphi izinyathelo zokuqapha okudingeka zithathwe ngezindlela ezahlukene ze-hepatitis?
I-Hepatitis Yokuncelisa Nokuncelisa
Ukukhathazeka okuvamile phakathi komama abanesifo sofuba esibangelwa yi- viral hepatitis kuyingozi yokudluliselwa ezinganeni zabo ngenxa yokuncelisa ingane.
Nakuba ubuningi bobufakazi besayensi bubonisa ukuthi lo mkhuba uphephile ngokuphelele, izinyathelo zokuqapha kufanele zithathwe ezimweni ezithile.
Phakathi kwababasekeli yi-American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), okuyinto evumela ngokuqinile ukuncelisa ukondla omama abanesifo sofuba futhi kubheka njengendlela engcono kakhulu yokuthuthukiswa nempilo enhle yezingane zabo ezisanda kuzalwa.
Iziphetho ngokuyinhloko zisekelwe ekucwaningeni kwe-epidemiological kumazinga okudlulisela umama kuya komntwana we-hepatitis A, B, C, D, E kanye ne-E nakwamanye amazwe athuthukile.
I-Hepatitis A ne-Hepatitis E
I-virus ye-Hepatitis A (HAV) isakazeka ngokuyinhloko ngomzila we-fecal-oral, okubandakanya ukungenisa ukudla okungcolile noma amanzi, ukubandakanya ocansini ngomlomo ngomlomo, nezinye izimo lapho udaba lwamafayili lungadluliselwa khona kumuntu nomuntu. Ngakho-ke, ukuhlanzeka okuhle, kufaka hlangana ukuhlanza izandla ngokuqinile, kubhekwa kubalulekile ekuvimbeleni ukusabalala kwe-HAV.
Ukuthintana namanye amachiza omzimba akubhekwa njengendlela yokudlulisela. Akukho bufakazi be-HAV obuye buhlukaniswa nobisi lwebele lomuntu, okwenza ukuba ukuncelisa ukubeletha kuphephile ngokuphelele kubantwana abahlengikazi.
Uma umama evezwe ku-HAV, anganikwa i- immune globulin (IG) , uhlobo lwe-antibody oluhlanziwe olungamvikela ekuthuthukiseni lesi sifo.
Kubomama asebevele benesandulela ngculazi, abanye odokotela batusa ukunikeza i-hepatitis A immune globulin kumntwana osanda kuzalwa uma umama ekhombisa izimpawu ezimbili ngaphambi kokubeletha kanye nesonto elilodwa ngemuva kokubeletha. Abanye odokotela bacabanga ukuthi lo mkhuba awudingekile njengoba ukudluliselwa kwe-HAV kumama kuya kwengane akuvamile.
I-virus ye-Hepatitis E (HEV) ifana ne-hepatitis A ngendlela esakazeka kuyo. Nakuba kungavamile kakhulu e-United States, kuvame ukubonakala kwezinye izingxenye ze-Asia, i-Afrika ne-Central America.
I-Hepatitis E ingaba yinselele kumfazi okhulelwe njengamaphesenti angama-20 abesifazane abathola ukutheleleka ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kungenzeka ukuthi bahlakulele isifo sofuba esifinyelele (ukuhluleka kwesibindi). Kodwa-ke, njenge-hepatitis A, ukuncelisa ukubeletha kusacatshangwa kuphephile kumama abathintekile nge-HEV.
I-Hepatitis B ne-Hepatitis D
I-virus ye-Hepatitis B (i-HBV) idluliselwa kusuka kumuntu kuya komuntu ngegazi elithathelwanayo, ngokuvamile ngokuhlanganyela izinaliti ezingcolile noma ukulala nomuntu one-HIV.
I-virus ingatholakala emithonjeni eminingi emzimbeni kodwa isifo esithathelwanayo kuphela lapho ikhona emazingeni aphakeme kunoma yiliphi igazi, umuthi noma umathe.
Ngokungafani ne-hepatitis A ne-E, i-HBV ingasakazeka kusukela kumama kuya kwengane ngesikhathi sokuzalwa. Le ndlela yokudlulisa ijwayelekile eYurophu naseNyakatho Melika kodwa iyaziwa ukuthi iyenzeka kaningi emazweni asathuthuka anezinsizakalo zokunakekelwa kwempilo embi.
Ukudluliswa kwe-HBV, noma kunjalo, akubangelwa ubisi lwebele, okwenza kube ephephile ngokuphelele ezinganeni ngaphandle kokuba kube khona ingozi yokuxhumana negazi le-HBV. Ngakho-ke, omama abanezinsipho eziqhekekile noma eziphuza kufanele bacabange ukugwema ukuncelisa bese befaka ifomula lesana kuze kufike isikhathi lapho izinsipho zabo ziphulukiswa.
Omama kufanele bacabange ukugoma izingane zabo nge-vaccine ye-hepatitis B ngenkathi beqinisekisa ukuthi usana lunikezwa i-hepatitis B IG zingakapheli amahora angu-12 wokuzalwa. Ukugoma kwe-Hepatitis B kudinga amanani amathathu: owodwa ekuzalweni, owesibili ezinyangeni ezimbili, neyesithathu ezinyangeni eziyisithupha.
I-virus ye-Hepatitis D (i-HDV) isakazwa kuphela phambi kwe-HVB futhi isakazwa yimizila efanayo (igazi, umuthi, umthamo).
Ukudluliselwa kusuka kumama kuya komntwana akuvamile. NjengaHBV, omama abane-HDV bangakwazi ukuncelisa izingane zabo ezisanda kuzalwa. Kodwa-ke, ukugoma kwe-HBV kunconywa kakhulu ekuzalweni ukunciphisa ingozi yokutheleleka kwe-HDV.
I-Hepatitis C
I-virus ye-Hepatitis C (i-HCV) isakazeka kakhulu ngokuxhumana negazi elinegciwane, njenge-hepatitis B. Nokho, ngokungafani ne-HBV, ukuvezwa ngokocansi kwi-HCV kubhekwa njengento engavamile ngaphandle kwamanye amaqembu aphezulu .
Indlela ehamba phambili yokudlulisa i-HCV ijova ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa, ngokukhethekile ukusebenzisa izinaliti zesabelo kanye / noma ukujova izidakamizwa ezakhiweni.
Kulinganiselwa ukuthi amaphesenti angama-2 kuya kwabangubili abesifazane abakhulelwe anamaHCV. Ukudluliselwa kubonakala ngokuyinhloko ku-utero (ngenkathi umama ukhulelwe futhi ngaphambi kokubeletha) futhi ubhekene nengozi yezingxenye eziyisihlanu zamaphesenti, kuye ngokuthi umthamo wegciwane lesandulela ngculaza nezinye izinto eziyingozi.
Kodwa-ke, abukho ubufakazi bokuthi ukuhanjiswa kwe-HCV kwenzeka ngenxa yokuncelisa, lapho izingane ezinceliswa ibhodlela nezincelisayo zifana nobungozi bokutheleleka. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, i-Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, i-American Congress of Obstetricians kanye neGynecologists kanye ne-American Academy of Pediatrics bonke basekela ukondla ngabomama abane-HCV. Njenge-hepatitis B, noma kunjalo, kufanele kuthathwe izinyathelo zokuqapha uma umama ephukile noma ephaphaza, esebenza isikhathi sokuphulukisa ngaphambi kokuncelisa usana lwakhe.
I-contraindication eyodwa yokuncelisa ibele nomama abanesandulela-ngculaza ne-HCV . Njengamanje, e-US, ukuncelisa akusikiselwe omama abathintekayo ngegciwane lesandulela ngculazi ngoba kukhona okumele kube nokudluliselwa kwegazi, ikakhulukazi kwabesifazane nabesifazane abangenaphenywa abanemithwalo ephezulu yegciwane lesandulela ngculaza .
Ngabe Ababelethi Kufanele Baphathwe Ngisiphi Isisu?
Njengoba ufunda ulwazi olungenhla, ungase ukhathazeke ngokubeletha nengozi yengane yakho. Uma kunjalo, kungase kube usizo ukuqonda uma ukuncelisa ukubeletha akukhuthazwa ngokwe-CDC, njengoba kunemibandela embalwa kakhulu lapho lokhu kuyiqiniso khona. Ukuncelisa isisu akunconyelwe ukuthi:
- Isana esitholwe yisifo esingavamile galactosemia ( ukuhlolwa kokuzalwa kokuhlola ukuhlolwa kwalesi sifo)
- Abomama abanesandulela ngculaza, uhlobo lwe-T-cell lymphotropic i-I noma uhlobo lwe-II, noma ukuthatha imishanguzo ye-antiretroviral
- Abomama abanesifo sofuba esingaphenduliwe, esisebenzayo
- Omama abancike esibhedlela esingekho emthethweni
- Amama athatha imithi ethile ye-chemotherapy (njenge-antimetabolites) noma imithi yokwelashwa
Ngaphansi kwe-Hepatitis Yokubeletha Ne-Viral
Ngokuvamile, ukuvumelana kwezinhlangano eziningana zikazwelonke ukuthi izinzuzo zokuncelisa zibele kakhulu izingozi lapho umama ene-virus yesifo sofuba. Okungahle kwenzeke uma umama one-hepatitis B noma i-hepatitis C ephukile noma ephuza insipho. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, noma kunjalo, ukuncelisa kufanele kumile kuze kube yilapho izikhwebu zomama seziphulukisiwe, futhi zingabuyekezwa.
Imithombo:
Amasevisi Okulawula Nokuvimbela Izifo. Ukubeletha. I-Hepatitis B ne-C Izifo. Kubuyekezwe 06/17/15. https://www.cdc.gov/breastfeeding/disease/hepatitis.htm
Amasevisi Okulawula Nokuvimbela Izifo. Ngabe Umama Kufanele Agweme Ukubeletha? Kubuyekezwe 11/18/16. https://www.cdc.gov/breastfeeding/disease/