I-immune globulin, eyaziwa nangokuthi IG, iyindlela ephawulekayo yokwelashwa kwegciwane. Yinto equkethe ama-antibodies ahlukahlukene aqoqwe egazini elihlanzekile lamakhulu abantu abangasetshenziswa ukuvikela umuntu ngesifo esithile. Njengoba i-IG iqukethe ama-antibodies, ingasiza ekunciphiseni ubuhlungu besifo noma ngisho nokuyivimbela ekuthuthukiseni.
Okwenza i-IG izuze kakhulu ukuthi ingakuvikela ngaphambi noma ngemva kokuthola isifo esithile.
I-IG isebenza kanjani?
Igazi liyizinto eziyinkimbinkimbi, ezinjenge-liquid ezakhiwa ngamaseli (amangqamuzana egazi abomvu namaseli egazi amhlophe) afinyelela ku-fluid ecebile ebizwa ngokuthi "i-plasma," equkethe ama-antibodies abalulekile avikela ngokumelene nezifo. I-IG yenziwe engxenyeni ye-plasma yegazi, eqoqwe kusuka kubahlinzeki okungenani abayi-1,000 ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukusatshalaliswa kwamagciwane okuphelile kuqediwe. I-plasma ihlanzwa, okwenza kube ephephile ukuyisebenzisa.Uyini umehluko phakathi kuka-IG nomuthi wokugoma?
I-IG yinto eyenziwa ngamagciwane okusebenza ngokwemvelo okwenzelwe umzimba ukuvikela izifo ezithile. Igciwane liyisakhi esakhiwa ngamagciwane noma amabhaktheriya akhuthaza umzimba ukuba wenze ama-antibodies amaningi.Uma uthola i-IG, uthola ama-antibodies alungele ukuqala ukusebenza ukuze avikele umzimba wakho.
Kodwa-ke, imishanguzo idinga ama-viruses angasebenzi noma amabhaktheriya angenakusebenza ukuze kuqala uvuselele amasosha omzimba wakho ukuze aqale ukukhiqiza ama-antibodies awo. Lokhu kuchaza ukuthi kungani i-IG iqala ukusebenza ngokushesha nokuthi kungani i-IG inikeza izinyanga ezimbalwa zokuvikela (ngokuvamile ezinyangeni ezintathu), kanti imishanguzo ithatha amasonto ambalwa ukuze iphumelele kodwa ihlinzeke ukuvikelwa amashumi eminyaka.
Ngithola kanjani i-IG?
Iningi IG linikezwa njengemjovo ye-intramuscular. I-fluid eqondile, ngakho-ke injected muscle enkulu (ngokuvamile kwelinye lamathambo abantu abadala noma phambi kwethanga kubantwana). Ukudubula kunikezwa ngumhlengikazi, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi udokotela.Ingabe i-IG ivikelekile?
Yebo, IG ibhekwa njengokuphepha kakhulu, ngoba ukusabela okujulile kumthamo akuvamile kakhulu. Njengoba i-IG yiketshezi elimnyama, ngokuvamile libuhlungu kancane ngesikhathi noma ngemva kokujova, kepha lokhu kuyincithakalo encane. Eminye imiphumela emibi ejwayelekile isuke iqhuma, ikhanda, izinhlanzi kanye nesicanucanu. Ukuphendula okukhulu kungabandakanya ubuhlungu besifuba, ukuphefumula noma i-anaphylaxis, kodwa akuvamile kakhulu. I-IG ayinayo i-thimerosal futhi ihlolwe ama-microbes aphethwe yigazi, okuhlanganisa i- syphilis , i- hepatitis B , i- hepatitis C ne- HIV . Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhulumeni wase-US udinga ukuthi abakhiqizi balandele izinqubo ezinkulu zokuphepha, okuye kwaqinisekisa ukuthi i-IG ayifuni izifo. I-IG iphephile kubesifazane abakhulelwe nabesifazane abancelisayo.I-IG ayinconywa kwabanye abantu. Lokhu kubandakanya abantu abanomlando wokuphendula okujulile ku-IG nabantu abane-thrombocytopenia eqinile.
Ingabe Kunezinhlobo Ezihlukahlukene ze-IG?
Yebo, ngaphezu kwe-IG evamile, kukhona i-hyperimmune globulin, efana ne-immune globulin ngaphandle kokuthi iningi lomuntu olwa namanqamuzana kunokuba isakazwe ngezifo ezihlukahlukene ze-antibodies. Kukhona futhi IG okwakulungiselelwe ukuba isetshenziswe ngaphakathi, okuthiwa "IGIV."Ingabe i-Viral Hepatitis iphathwa nge-IG?
I-immune globulin itholakale ukuphatha i-hepatitis A ne-hepatitis B.Imithombo:
Dienstag, JL. I-Hepatitis Eyingozi Yama-Virus. Ku: AS Fauci, E Braunwald, DL Kasper, SL Hauser, DL Longo, JL Jameson, J Loscaizo (eds), Izimiso zikaHarrison zika-Internal Medicine , 17e. ENew York, eMcGraw-Hill, ngo-2008.
Pickering, LK (ed), The Red Book: Umbiko weKomidi yezifo ezithathelwanayo , 26 e. I-American Academy of Pediatrics, 2003. 54-56.
Sjogren, MH. I-hepatitis A. Ku: M Feldman, uLS Friedman, uLJ Brandt (ama-eds), izifo zamathumbu kanye nesifo senhliziyo , 8e. Philadelphia, Elsevier, 2006. 1639.