Uhlolojikelele lwe-Hypothyroidism
I-Hypothyroidism yisimo lapho igulane lakho le-thyroid-i-gland encane efana ne-butterfly entanyeni yakho-alikhiqizi i-hormone ye-thyroid eyanele. Ngezinye izikhathi kuthiwa yi-"ye-underactive" ye-thyroid. I-Hypothyroidism iyanciphisa umzimba we-metabolism, okuholela ezibonisweni ezifana nokuzuza kwesisindo, ukuvilapha, ukuzizwa kubanda, nokuningi. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi okulula okubizwa ngokuthi i-hormone ye-thyroid-stimulating (TSH) ingakwazi ukuhlola i-hypothyroidism, futhi imithi yokwelapha i-hormone esikhundleni se-thyroid ingayiphatha.
Ngokuthola ulwazi mayelana ne-hypothyroidism, kufaka phakathi lokho okuthandayo ukuba nale nkinga ye -roid, nokuthi ihlolwe kanjani futhi iphethwe, uzobe ulungele futhi uqiniseke ngokwengeziwe njengoba uqala uhambo lwakho lwe-thyroid.
> Ukubukeka kwe-thyroid ye-anatomy, etholakala ngaphezu kwe-collarbone.
Izimpawu
Igciwane lakho le-thyroid lisebenzisa iodine yokudla ukuze wenze i-hormone yegciwane. Uma kunesifo se-hormone yegciwane, umzimba wakho unenkinga yokusebenzisa amandla nokuhlala ufudumele.
Imisipha yakho, ubuchopho, nezinye izitho zingase zibe nenkinga yokusebenza.
Izibonakaliso nezimpawu ze-hypothyroidism ziyahlukahluka futhi zingaba ezicashile, ngisho nokuphutha ngokucindezeleka noma enye inkinga yezokwelapha.
Nakhu ukuhlolisisa ezinye zezimpawu umuntu one-thyroid engenakwenzeka angase athole:
- Ukuzwa ukhathele futhi ukhathele, ngisho nangemva kokulala okude
- Ukuzwa ecindezelekile noma okwesibhakabhaka
- Ukuthola isisindo, naphezu kokushintshwa kokudla okunempilo nokuzivocavoca
- Ukubona "ubuchopho bobuchopho" nobunzima ukugxila
- Ukuzwa uzizwa ubanda lapho abanye bezwa beshisayo
- Ukuqaphela izinwele eziye zome futhi zomile, ziphule, ziqhube, noma ziphumele ngaphandle
- Ukuqaphela isikhumba esinyene, esomile, esiyingozi, nesinyene, ikakhulukazi izinyawo ezinyaweni zakho
- Ipulse ephansi ngokungavamile noma ukucindezelwa kwegazi
- Izingqondo eziphansi noma ezilukhuni
- Ukuziqhenya ebusweni, ikakhulukazi eduze kwamehlo
- Amazinga aphezulu e-cholesterol awaphenduli emithini yokunciphisa i-cholesterol
- Imijikelezo engavamile yokuya esikhathini
- Ukubhekana nezimpande zomzimba
Izimbangela
Kunezinkinga zezempilo nemibandela eyenza i- hypothyroidism .
Isifo esizimele ngokuzenzakalela i- Hashimoto's thyroiditis yiyona imbangela evame kakhulu ye-hypothyroidism e-United States. Kulesi sifo, ama-antibodies ahlasela isifo se-thyroid, okwenza singakwazi ukusebenza kahle.
I-post-surgical hypothyroidism ibhekisela ekuhomeni kwe-thyroid enganele ngenxa yokususwa kokuhlinzwa kwakho konke noma ingxenye yengane ye-thyroid. Ukwelashwa kwi-thyroid kuyaziwa ngokuthi i-thyroidectomy.
I-hypothyroidism eyenziwa ngama-radiation ingase ibangelwe ukwelashwa kwe-radioactive i-iodine (RAI), esetshenziselwa ukwelapha i-hyperthyroidism nomdlavuza we-thyroid. Ukuvezwa kwemithi yokwelashwa kuya ekhanda nasentanyeni, noma ukuwa kwe-radioactive ezingozini zenyukliya ezifana neChernobyl noma i-Fukushima, kungabangela ne-hypothyroidism.
Njengoba i- hypothyroidism esanda kuzalwa , izingane ezisanda kuzalwa ziza ezweni ngaphandle kwengubo ye-thyroid noma nge-gland ye-partial gland.
I-Hypothyroidism ingase futhi ibangelwe ngokuthatha imithi ethile (ebizwa ngokuthi izidakamizwa-induced hypothyroidism ). Nakuba lokhu akulona uhlu olunzulu, ezinye zemithi eyaziwa kakhulu zihlanganisa:
- Lithium
- I-Amiodarone
- I-Interferon alpha
- I-Interleukin-2
I-Hypothyroidism ingenzeka nge-iodine encane kakhulu (ebizwa nge- iodine-deficiency hypothyroidism ) noma uma iodine kakhulu kakhulu idliwa (okuthiwa iodine-induced hypothyroidism ).
E- secondary or central central hypothyroidism , i-pituitary gland (etholakala ebuchosheni bakho) yonakalisiwe (kusuka kwesisu, imisebe, noma ukuhlinzeka) futhi ayikwazi ukuveza igciwane lakho le-thyroid ukuze likhiqize i-hormone yegciwane.
Ngokuvamile, i- hypothyroidism ezivela ezifweni ezingenalutho (isibonelo, i-sarcoidosis noma i-hemochromatosis) ingafaka izinto (njengama-granulomas noma insimbi, ngokulandelana) ekuguleni kwe-thyroid, ukunciphisa ikhono layo lokusebenza.
Ukuxilongwa
Ukuxilongwa kwe-hypothyroidism kudinga ukuhlolwa kwemitholampilo nokuhlolwa kwegazi.
Ukuhlolwa Kwemitholampilo
Ngaphandle kokuhlolwa kwe-thyroid emitholampilo , okufaka ukuhlolwa kwebhrikhi kanye nokubukeka kwegciwane le-thyroid, udokotela uzophinde ahlole ukuhlolwa ukuze afune izimpawu ze-hypothyroidism. Ezinye zalezi zibonakaliso zihlanganisa isikhumba esomile, esinamafutha, izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo elincane, izingxube ezincane ezihamba kancane nokuvuvukala.
Izivivinyo zegazi
Ukuhlolwa kwegazi okuyinhloko okusetshenziselwa ukuxilonga i-hypothyroidism yi-test ye- hormone (TSH) yokuvuselela i-thyroid . Lokhu kuhlolwa kulinganisa i-TSH, i-hormone ye-pituitary. I-TSH iphakama uma ithola amazinga aphansi we-hormone ye-thyroid, futhi ihla uma ithola i-hormone engaphezu kwegciwane. Ama-Laboratories asungule ibanga lokubhekisela, futhi amazinga angaphezu kwebanga lokubhekisela libhekwa njengento ekhombisa ukuthi i-hypothyroidism.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, amazinga angabonakali futhi atholakalayo we-hormone yegciwane ejikelezayo- free thyroxine (mahhala i-T4) ne-triiodothyronine yamahhala (i-T3 mahhala) ingahle ilinganiswe. Kunezigaba zokubhekisela zalezi zivivinyo ezimbili ze-hormone, futhi amazinga angaphansi kwebanga lokubhekisela (okubonisa ukuthi akwanele mahhala T4 kanye / noma i-T3 mahhala) kubhekwa njengokubonisa kwe-hypothyroidism.
Ukwelapha
I-Hypothyroidism iphathwa ngesidakamizwa se-hormone esikhundleni somuthi, okuyinto imithi ethatha indawo ye-hormone ye-thyroid engekho emzimbeni.
Levothyroxine
Isidakamizwa se-hormone esikhundleni se-thyroid ebizwa ngokuthi i-levothyroxine, uhlobo oluthile lwe-hormone thyroxine (T4) ye-thyroid.
Liothyronine
Kukhona futhi uhlobo lokufakelwa kwe-hormone ye-T3, eyaziwa njenge-liothyronine. Ngezinye izikhathi kuhlanganiswe ku-levothyroxine njengengxenye yokwelashwa eyaziwa ngokuthi ukwelashwa kwe-T4 / T3, nakuba lo mkhuba ubhekwa njengokuphikisana yi-endocrinologists eminingi kanye nodokotela abavamile.
I-Natural Desiccated Thyroid
Okokugcina, kunezidakamizwa ezibizwa ngokuthi i-hormone esikhundleni esibizwa ngokuthi yi-natural disiccated thyroid, ngezinye izikhathi zifingqiwe i-NDT noma zibizwa ngokuthi "i-thyct extract". I-NDT iqukethe izinhlobo zemvelo zombili T4 no-T3. Nakuba selukhona isikhathi esingaphezu kwekhulu leminyaka, futhi lisasetshenziswa namuhla, kuthathwa njengokuphikisana nomphakathi wezokwelapha ovamile futhi kunqunywe kaningi ngama odokotela abahlanganisayo, abasebenzayo nabaphelele, uma kuqhathaniswa ne-endocrinologists kanye nodokotela abavamile.
Imikhombandlela esemthethweni yezinhlangano ezihlukahlukene ze-endocrinology isikhundla levothyroxine njengokwelashwa okhethwayo, futhi idambise ukubili ukuphathwa kokwabelana kwe-T4 / T3 nokusetshenziswa kwe-NDT.
Izwi elivela
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi wena (noma othandekayo) usanda kutholakala ukuthi unesifo se-hypothyroidism, noma ngabe usuphathwe okwamanje, kodwa ungakabi nomuzwa wokuthi ulungile, sicela wazi ukuthi awodwa. Qhubeka ufuna ulwazi mayelana nesifo sakho se-thyroid bese uhlala uqine njengoba uhamba uhambo oluthile oluthile.
Futhi, khumbula ukuthi ukuphila kahle ne-hypothyroidism akuyona nje imithi. Kubalulekile futhi ukuba udle kahle, uthole ukuphumula okwanele, yenza isikhathi sokuzivocavoca nokudlala, futhi uphathe ukucindezeleka kwakho. Futhi noma ngabe uzizwa sengathi ulwela impi ekhuphuka phezulu nodokotela, ukwelashwa, nezimpawu ezikhubaza, ungayeki. Ekugcineni uzothola izimpendulo ezizokusiza uphile kahle futhi uzwe kahle.
> Imithombo:
> I-American Thyroid Association. (nd). I-Hypothyroidism (Engasebenzi).
> Braverman, L, Cooper D. Werner & Ingbar's The Thyroid, 10th Edition. I-WLL / Wolters Kluwer; 2012.
> Garber J et. al. Imihlahlandlela Yokuzivocavoca Yomtholampilo ye-Hypothyroidism Kubantu Abadala: I-Cosponsored yi-American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists kanye ne-American Thyroid Association. I-Endocr Prac t. 2012 Nov-Dec; 18 (6): 988-1028.