Ukusetshenziswa, Imiphumela Eceleni kanye nokuphendula Okujulile
I-Methylphenidate, ethengiswa ngaphansi kwamagama egama kaRitalin, i-Methylin, i-Concerta, i-Quillivant ne-Daytrana, iyaziwa ngokuthi i-amphetamine ehlukile. Isetshenziselwa ukwelapha ukukhathazeka kokukhathazeka kwesifo (ADHD) , kanye nokulala ngokweqile kwansuku zonke okuhlobene ne- narcolepsy . Kanti futhi ngezinye izikhathi kunikezwa ukuba kube nesifo esingapheliyo sokukhathala .
Ukusetshenziswa
I-Methylphenidate ivuselela imiphumela eqondile ohlelweni lwezinzwa zomphakathi.
Inesenzo sokuxwayisa, sokulala futhi singathuthukisa ukunakekelwa kwemisebenzi ephindaphindiwe. It ngcono ukugxila kanye nenhlangano futhi kunganciphisa ukuguga kwamalanga. Kungenzeka futhi kube nomphumela wokuphakamisa imizwelo. Isetshenziselwa ukuphatha izifo ezilandelayo:
- ADHD
- Ukuhlukumezeka
- Isifo sokuphelelwa yisikhathi esingapheli
- Ukucindezeleka
Ungabhalwa ukubunjwa okujwayelekile noma okukhulunywe kakhudlwana kwesidakamizwa. Lezi zihluka kancane ukuthi kuthatha isikhathi eside kangakanani umzimba ukuba uzihlanganise, kepha imiphumela yazo ifana.
Indlela Esebenza ngayo
Ukusebenza okuqondile kukaRitalin akukwaziwa. Yandisa izinga lama-neurotransmitter amabili abalulekile, i-norepinephrine ne-dopamine, ebuchosheni. Ama-neurotransmitter amakhemikhali asebenza njengezithunywa phakathi kwamangqamuzana omzimba, okuthiwa ama-neurons. U-Ritalin ufeza lokhu kwanda kwezinga ngokuvimbela kancane kancane ukukhishwa kwabo futhi ngokukhulisa ukukhululwa kwabo emkhatsini we-neurons.
U-Ritalin usebenza emigqumeni ye-striatum kanye ne-prefrontal, izifunda zobuchopho ezibalulekile ekugxilweni.
Kungase futhi kuthuthukiswe ukusatshalaliswa kwezinsiza, kufaka phakathi i-glucose, ukuze ubuchopho bungasebenzi kahle.
Ngubani Okungafanele Awusebenzise?
U-Ritalin akavunyelwe izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-6 ubudala. Akufanele isetshenziswe ngabantu abaphatha i-tricyclic anti-depressants nama-MAO inhibitors, izidakamizwa ezimbili ezisetshenziselwa ukuphatha ukucindezeleka, ngakho qiniseka ukuthi umhlinzeki wakho wezokwelapha uyazi yonke imithi oyithathayo.
U-Ritalin angeke afaneleke kubantu abathile abanezimo ezithile zezokwelapha, kubandakanya izigaba ezinzima, isifo se-aronary coronary, izinkinga zenhliziyo zesakhiwo, umfutho wegazi ophakeme noma ukulimala kwesibindi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungase kukhonjiswe kulabo abane-Tourette's syndrome, i-thyroid engasebenzi, i-motor tics, i-agitation kanye ne- glaucoma .
Okuqhamuka uma udla imishanguzo
Kunemiphumela emibi eminingi engase ibe yimuphi umuthi. Nakuba kungenakulindeleka ukuthi wonke umuntu abe nakho, futhi kungenzeka ukuthi angenakho noma yimuphi, okunye okungahle kwenzeke kuhlanganisa:
- Ukwesaba
- Ukungalali
- Ukunciphisa ukudla
- Ubuhlungu besisu
- Ukulahlekelwa kwesisindo nokusebenzisa isikhathi eside
- Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo
- I-nausea
- Ama-motor tics
- Izinwele
- Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungavamile
- Isizungu
- Fever
- Rash
- I-Hives
- Ukucindezeleka okwesikhashana
- Ukulala
- Ukunyakaza okungavamile
- Ubuhlungu besifuba
- Ukucindezelwa kwegazi kuyashintsha
- Ukuphazanyiswa okubonakalayo
Ngokusetshenziswa kwanoma imuphi umuthi, kukhona nezingozi zemiphumela emibi kakhulu. Lokhu kwenzeka okungavamile, kepha kungafaka:
- Ukuzethemba noma ukuhlukunyezwa
- I-Psychosis
- I-Mania
- Ukuziphatha okuhlukumezayo
- I-Tourette's syndrome (engavamile)
- Izilinganiso ezingenangqondo zenhliziyo
- Isifo senhliziyo
- Isibungu
- Ukufa okungazelelwe
- Ukuzizwa
- Ukunciphisa ukukhula okusetshenziswe isikhathi eside
- Ukusabela okweqile
- I-dermatitis exfoliative
- Ukubalwa kwesibalo segazi eliphansi
- I-neuroleptic syndrome enonya
- Ukuvuvukala kwemithambo ye-cerebral
Ukuqapha Ukuphepha
Ukusetshenziswa kukaRitalin ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kufanele kukhulunywe ngokucophelela, kulinganise ingozi yokunganeka komntwana ekuzuzeni umama. Ukuqapha kukwaziswa futhi nge-lactation njengoba ukuphepha kwalokhu kungaziwa.
Kulabo bantu abanezinkinga zengozi yomzimba, ukuhlolwa kwe-cardiac kokuqala kufanele kwenziwe kufaka phakathi ukucindezeleka kwegazi nokulinganisa kwenhliziyo ngaphambi kokuqala imithi, ngokunyuka kwamazinga, njalo ngezikhathi zokwelashwa.
Ezigulini zezingane, ukuphakama nesisindo kumele kuhlolwe uma ukwelashwa kuqala futhi ngezikhathi ezithile emva kwalokho. Umsebenzi wokwengeza wegazi ungaboniswa futhi ukulandelwa okuvalekile nomhlinzeki wakho wezokwelapha kubaluleke kakhulu.
Imithombo:
"I-Methylphenidate." I-Epocrates Rx. Inguqulo 1.127, 2008. Epocrates, Inc. San Mateo, California.
Katzung, BG Basic & Clinical Pharmacology. I-9th edition, 2004. 134-140. I-McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. eNew York.
"I-Methylphenidate." I-MedLine Plus, i-US National Library of Medicine (2016).