Izindinganiso ezamukelekile ngokujwayelekile zeROM
Ukuhamba kwemikhumbi (ROM) kuyisilinganiso sebanga nokuqondisa ukuhlanganyela kungashukumisela amandla akhe okugcwele. Ihlangene yindawo emzimbeni lapho amathambo axhuma khona. Eziningi zazo zakhiwa ukuvumela ukunyakaza ezinkombandlela ezilungiselelwe ngaphambili. Inani lokunyakaza ngokusebenzisa uhla olujwayelekile lokunyakaza ngokuvamile lilinganiswa ngamadigri besebenzisa insimbi ebizwa ngokuthi i-goniometer.
Isihlanganisi ngasinye sinezigaba ezihlukahlukene zokunyakaza kwenhlobo ngayinye yokunyakaza engayenza. Kunezinhlanganisela ezimbalwa ezingasekeli ukunyakaza okufana ne-skull.
Ukunyakaza okuhlangene okuvamile kufaka ukuhamba, ukunwetshwa, ukuthathwa, nokukhishwa. Ukwandisa yisimo somzimba esinciphisa i-angle emkhatsini wamathambo wesilwane ngokuhlanganyela. Kwenzeka lapho inkontileka yemisipha namathambo ehambisa ukujoyina endaweni egobile. Ukuhamba okuphambene, i-flexion, igoba ukujoyina ukuze i-angle ehlangene ifinyelele.
Imigqa evamile (ngokuhlanganyela)
Yize kunokuhlukahluka phakathi kwabantu abahlukahlukene, lokhu okulandelayo kuyamagugu avamile okwenziwe i-ROM evamile kulowo nalowo muntu ohlangene njengoba kulinganiswa ngamadigri. Abahlinzeki bezitho zomzimba kanye nokuzivocavoca umzimba bahlola ukuhamba komuntu ngamunye bese beqhathanisa nalezi zindinganiso ezijwayelekile.
I-Hip
- Flexion 0 kuya kuma-125 degrees
- Isandiso 115 kuya ku-0 degrees
- I-Hypererextension (eqondisa ngaphesheya kobubanzi obujwayelekile) 0 kuya ku-15 degrees
- Ukuqothulwa (ukuhamba kude nomklamo womzimba) 0 kuya ku-45 degrees
- Ukwenyuka (ukuhambela phambili emkhatsini womzimba womzimba) 45 kuya ku-0 degrees
- Ukujikeleza kwe-Lateral (ukujikeleza kude nomaphakathi womzimba) 0 kuya ku-45 degrees
- Ukujikeleza okuphakathi (ukujikeleza kuya enkabeni yomzimba) 0 kuya ku-45 degrees
Knee
- Flexion 0 kuya kuma-130 degrees
- Isandiso se-120 kuya ku-0 degrees
I-Ankle
- Plantar flexion (ukunyakaza phansi) 0 kuya ku-50 degrees
- I-Dorsiflexion (ukunyakaza phezulu) 0 kuya kuma-20 degrees
Izinyawo
- Inversion (iphendulwe ngaphakathi) 0 kuya ku-35 degrees
- Eversion (waphenduka) 0 kuya ku-25 degrees
I-Metatarsophalangeal Joint ye-Foot
- Flexion 0 kuya ku-30 degrees
- Isandiso 0 kuya kuma-80 degrees
I-Interphalangeal Joint ye-Toe
- Flexion 0 kuya kuma-50 degrees
- Ukwandisa ama-50 kuya ku-0 degrees
Ngamahlombe
- Flexion 0 kuya ku-180 degrees
- Isandiso 0 kuya kuma-50 degrees
- Ukuthunjwa 0 kuya ku-90 degrees
- Ukwengeza ama-90 kuya ku-0 degrees
- Ukujikeleza kwe-Lateral 0 kuya ku-90 degrees
- Ukujikeleza okuphakathi kwe-0 kuya kwezingu-90
U-Elbow
- Flexion 0 kuya ku-160 degrees
- Isandiso 145 kuya ku-0 degrees
- I-Pronation (ukujikeleza kwangaphakathi) 0 kuya ku-90 degrees
- Ukuphakama (ukujikeleza kwangaphandle) 0 ukuya ku-90 degrees
Isandla
- Flexion 0 kuya ku-90 degrees
- Isandiso 0 kuya kuma-70 degrees
- Ukuthunjwa 0 kuya ku-25 degrees
- Ukwengeza 0 kuya kuma-65 degrees
I-Metacarpophalangeal (i-MCP)
- Ukuthunjwa 0 kuya ku-25 degrees
- Yengeza ama-20 kuya ku-0 degrees
- Flexion 0 kuya ku-90 degrees
- Isandiso 0 kuya ku-30 degrees
Inhlanganisela ye-Interphalangeal Proximal (PIP) ye-Finger
- Flexion 0 kuya ku-120 degrees
- Isandiso se-120 kuya ku-0 degrees
I-Interphalangeal Distal (DIP) Okuhlanganisiwe Kwengane
- Flexion 0 kuya kuma-80 degrees
- Ukwandisa 80 kuya ku-0 degrees
I-Metacarpophalangeal Joint yesiThuthi
- Ukuthunjwa 0 kuya kuma-50 degrees
- Ukwengeza ama-40 kuya ku-0 degrees
- Flexion 0 kuya kuma-70 degrees
- Isandiso 60 kuya ku-0 degrees
I-Interphalangeal Joint yesiThuthi
- Flexion 0 kuya ku-90 degrees
- Isandiso 90 kuya ku-0 degrees
Ukuthonya Izinto
Kunamathonya amaningi-okuzuzwa njengefa kanye ne-situational-engathinta i-ROM yakho. Ezinye zezinto ongakwazi ukuzilawula nokuthi uzalwa nazo zihlanganisa:
- Uhlobo lokujoyina, njengoba amalunga ambalwa awahlosiwe ukuhambisa okuningi
- Ukumelana ngaphakathi kwangaphakathi
- Izakhiwo zeBony ezikhawulela ukunyakaza
- Ukuqina kwesisindo somzimba, isibonelo, izicubu zomzimba ezinomsoco ngenxa yokulimala kwangaphambilini akusizi kakhulu
- Ikhono le-muscle lokuphumula futhi livumelanise ukufeza ububanzi obuningi bokunyakaza
Esinye isici ongeke ukwazi ukulawula ukuthi ungakanani ubudala. Ucwaningo olulodwa luhlolisise imiphumela yobudala kanye nobulili emigqeni ehlangene yokunyakaza futhi bathola ukuthi abahlanganyeli asebekhulile babonisa amaROM amancane kunabo abalingani babo abancane. Ngesinye isikhathi, umehluko kuROM wawungama-44.9% we-eversion nokuguquka kwezinyawo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izifundo ezindala zidinga isikhathi esengeziwe sokufinyelela uhla olugcwele lokunyakaza.
Mayelana nobulili, itholakala ukuthi ibe nomthelela omkhulu ku-ROM. Amadoda anamaROM amancane kunabesifazane ezindaweni ezithile, umahluko omkhulu kakhulu, amaphesenti angu-29,7, okwenzeka esandleni.
Lokhu kwahluka kwaminyaka yobudala nobulili kutholakala ukuthi kuthinte amalunga namaqembu, okungahlathulula ukungezwani kokuthumayo nokuvama ukuthi amalunga asetshenziselwa imisebenzi phakathi kwamaqembu.
Ukulinganisa okulinganiselwe
Uhlobo lokunyakaza olulinganiselwe lusetshenziswa lapho igama elihlangene linciphisa ikhono layo lokuhambisa. Lokhu kungaba ngenxa yokulimala kwezicubu ezithambile ezizungezile. Ukuthola uhla lwezinyathelo ekuhlanganyeleni kungenye yezigaba zokuqala zokulungisa ukulimala. Abahlengikazi bezinto ezibonakalayo bavame ukubeka imishanguzo ethize ye-ROM yomunye ngamunye. Kungase kubangelwe nezifo ezifana ne- osteoarthritis , i- rthumic acid , noma ezinye izinhlobo ze-arthritis .
Ukwenza ngcono
I-joint ngayinye ineROM evamile, kanti umuntu ngamunye unenani elihlukile lokukwazi ukulifeza. Amalungu athatha uhla olulinganiselayo lokunyakaza ngokusetshenziswa okujwayelekile kanye nokwelula kwezicubu ezincane ezizungezile (imisipha, ama-tendon, nemigqa). Imizuzu eyishumi nje yokwelula kathathu ngesonto ingasiza ekuthuthukiseni ukuhamba kokuhamba.
Ucwaningo lwathola ukuthi ukuzuza okuncane ku-ROM kungenziwa ngokusebenzisa ukushisa ngesikhathi selula. Kubantu abanempilo, labo ababekhononda ngemisipha eqinile babona ukuthuthukiswa okuncane ekuhambeni kokufudumala nokushisa nokuqhathaniswa uma kuqhathaniswa nalabo abasanda kuphela.
Ukuzivocavoca
Abahlengikazi bezinto ezibonakalayo bavame ukubeka imishanguzo ethize ye-ROM yomunye ngamunye. Lezi zivivinyo zihlose ukukhulisa ngobumnene uhla lwezinyathelo ngokubheka ubuhlungu, ukuqina, nokuvuvukala okungenzeka kube khona. Kunezinhlobo ezintathu zokuzivocavoca okuhamba phambili:
- Ukuhamba okuhambayo okusebenzayo: Uzenza lezi zivivinyo ngaphandle kosizo.
- Ukusekela kokuhamba kokusebenza okusebenzayo: Udokotela usiza isiguli ukwenza lezi zivivinyo. Lokhu kungenziwa uma imisipha ibuthakathaka noma lapho ukunyakaza kubangela ukungakhululeki.
- Ukuhamba okuhambayo okuhambayo: Umuthi noma imishini ishukumisela ukubambisana ngokusebenzisa uhla lwezinyathelo ngaphandle komzamo wesiguli.
Izwi elivela
Udinga ukukwazi ukuhambisa amalunga akho ngezigaba zabo ezivamile ukwenza imisebenzi eminingi yokuphila kwansuku zonke kanye nemisebenzi yomsebenzi kanye nokujabulela imisebenzi yomzimba kanye nemidlalo. Ungathuthukisa ukuguquguquka kwakho ngokuzivocavoca kokuhamba-kokuhamba noma ngabe uphilile noma udinga ukulungiswa ngokulimala.
> Imithombo:
> Behm DG, Blazevich AJ, Kay AD, McHugh M. Imiphumela Ephumelelayo Ye-Muscle Yokunciphisa Ukusebenza Kwemvelo, Ukuhamba Kwemvelo, Nokulimala Kwabantu Abasebenza Ngempilo: Ukubuyekezwa Okuhlelekile. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab . 2016 Jan; 41 (1): 1-11. i-doi: 10.1139 / apnm-2015-0235. I-Epub 2015 Dec 8.
> Hwang J, Jung MC. Ukuhlukana Kwezebudala Nezocansi Emigqeni Yokuhamba Nezibonelo Zezimvo. Int J Occup Saf Ergon . 2015; 21 (2): 173-86. i-doi: 10.1080 / 10803548.2015.1029301.
> Nakano J, Yamabayashi C, Scott A, Reid WD. Umphumela Wokushisa Okusetshenziselwa Ukwehlisa Ukwandisa I-Angel of Motion: Ukubuyekezwa Okuhlelekile. Phys Ther Sport . 2012 Aug; 13 (3): 180-8. doi: 10.1016 / j.ptsp.2011.11.003. Epub 2011 Dec 29.
> I-Joint Range Range Study Study. Izikhungo zokuLawula izifo. https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/jointrom/.
> I-Therapy Physical (PT). I-Merck Manual Professional. http://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/special-subjects/rehabilitation/physical-therapy-pt.