Uma isihloko se- leukemia sikhuliswa, abantu abaningi banokuqaphela okungaqondakali ukuthi lokhu kungaba yisifo sezingane. Kodwa ngemva kwalokho, imininingwane ibonakala ifinyeleleke. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi, kuyilapho i-leukemia iyingozi kakhulu ebuntwaneni , kuyiqiniso futhi ukuthi i-leukemia yengane isengakabonakali kahle.
Isifo esithathelwanayo nesifo esinamandla se-Leukemia
Ama-leucemas ajwayelekile athambekele ekukhuleni ngokushesha.
Amaseli abulalayo-abizwa ngokuthi ukuqhuma-asemancane futhi awazange akhule ngokwanele ukwenza imisebenzi yawo yokuzivikela omzimba. Ngokuphambene nalokho, i-leukemia engapheli ikhula ngamaseli ahlukene noma avuthiwe, angenza ezinye zezindima zabo, kodwa hhayi kahle kakhulu. Amaseli angajwayelekile angama-leukemia angapheli avame ukukhula ngezinga eliphansi kune-leukemias acute. Kodwa-ke, i-leukemia engapheli iyingqayizivele kakhulu ezinganeni .
Iningi lama-leukemia ebuntwaneni yi-leukemia e-lymphocytic (ALL). Amaningi amacala asele anesifo se-lemonemic acute ( AML ). Amagama 'myeloid' kanye 'lymphocytic' kulawa magama abhekisela emindenini emibili yamaseli: labo abazokhipha amangqamuzana egazi amhlophe (lymphocytic); kanye nalabo abazokhipha amangqamuzana egazi abomvu, amaplatelets, nawo wonke amangqamuzana egazi amhlophe njengama-monocytes, neutrophils, nokuningi.
Ubuntwaneni ngokumelene ne-Leukemia yama-Congenital
Nakuba i-leukemia iyingozi kakhulu ebuntwaneni, i-leukemia yokuzalwa engavamile, equkethe ngaphansi kwama-1 amaphesenti kuwo wonke ama-leukemias ebuntwaneni.
Lesi simo sichazwa njenge-leukemia eyenzeka ngaphakathi kwamasonto amane kuya ku-6 okuzalwa. Kucatshangwa ukuthi lesi sifo siqala ukukhula ngaphambi kokuba umntwana azalwe.
Ngeshwa, izinga lokusinda kwezinyanga eziyisithupha liyingxenye yesithathu kuphela, naphezu kwe-chemotherapy enobudlova. Kodwa-ke ukukhishwa okuzenzakalelayo kuye kwabikwa, kodwa isayensi ayizange inikeze izimpendulo ezicacile ngokuthi lokhu kungase kwenzeke kanjani.
Ukuthi lezi zimangaliso ezingavamile ziye zabikwa, zingabangela inkinga yokwenza izinqumo zokwelapha odokotela nabazali. Abanye baye bazibuza ukuthi ingabe indlela eqhubekayo yokulwela ukwelashwa, ikakhulukazi ekuqaleni, ifanelekile.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi i-leukemias yokuzalwa engesiyo kuphela i-leukemias ezobikwa ukuthi ixazululwe. Ukukhishwa okungajwayelekile kuvela kwezinye izinhlobo ze-leukemia kanye, futhi ukukhululwa kungase kube okwesikhashana, noma kuphile isikhathi esifushane, noma kuhlale isikhathi eside, kuye ngokuthi icala libikiwe.
Izibalo ze-Childhood Leukemia
Nakuba i-leukemia ingumdlavuza ovame kakhulu kubantwana kanye nentsha, jikelele, i-leukemia yengane isisifo esingavamile. Amaphesenti angaba ngu-75 ama- leukemia phakathi kwezingane kanye nentsha yiyo YONKE, futhi amacala amaningi asele yi-AML.
Ngokusho kokubuyekezwa kwezibalo ze-American Cancer Society, YONKE iyavame kakhulu kusukela esemncane, ihamba phambili phakathi kweminyaka emibili nengu-4 ubudala. Amacala e-AML asakazeka kakhulu eminyakeni yonke yobuntwana, ngaphandle kokuthi i-AML ivame kakhulu phakathi neminyaka yokuqala yokuphila futhi eminyakeni yeminyaka eyishumi nambili.
Ngokuphathelene nobuhlanga nobuzwe, BONKE bavame kakhulu kubantu baseSpain nabamhlophe kunabantwana base-Afrika-baseMelika nabase-Asia nabaseMelika, futhi kuvame kakhulu kubafana kunamantombazane.
I-AML ivela ngokulinganayo phakathi kwabafana namantombazane kuzo zonke izinhlanga.
I-leukemias engapheli ayitholakali ezinganeni, kodwa lapho zenzeka, eziningi zazo zivame ukuba yi-lemonemia engapheli (CML), okuvame ukuphazamisa intsha eningi eqenjini elisencane kunabantwana abancane. I-juvenile ye-myelomonocytic leukemia (i-JMML) ngokuvamile ivela ezinganeni ezincane, ezineminyaka engaba ngu-2 ubudala.
> Imithombo:
> Fozza C, uBellizzi S, uBonfigli S, i-Campus PM, uDore F. Longinotti M. Cytogenetic kanye neHematological Remontaneous Exission in Case of Acute Myelogenous Leukemia. I-Eur. J. Haematol. 2004; 73: 219-222.
> Jain N, Hubbard J, Vega F, Vidal G, Garcia-Manero G. Borthakur G. Ukukhululwa okukodwa kwe-Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Umbiko weziguli ezintathu nokubuyekezwa kwezincwadi. I-Leukemia yezokwelapha. 2008; 2: 64-67.
> Martelli MP, Gionfriddo I, Mezzasoma F, Milano F, Pierangeli S, Mulas F. Arsenic Trioxide kanye ne-All-Trans Retinoic Acid Target NPM1 Amanothi Amanothi Amakhompiyutha Ne-Induce Apoptosis kuma-AML Amaseli A-AML. Igazi . 2015; 125: 3455-3465.
> Verhaak RGW, uGoudswaard CS, van Putten W, Bijl MA, et al. Ukuguqulwa kwe-Nucleophosmin (NPM1) ku-Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML): I-Association Nezinye I-Gene Okungeyona Imvelo kanye Nokusungulwa Kwezakhi ZaseGenesis Ngaphambi Kokubhaliswa KwamaSignature kanye Nokubaluleka Kwaso Okubalulekayo. Igazi . 2005; 106: 3747-3754.
> I-Wiemels J. Imibono Yezimbangela Ze-Leukemia Yengane. Ukusebenzisana kwe-Chemicobiological . 2012; 196 (3): 10.1016 / j.bibi 2012.01.007.