I-macular edema ukuvuvukala noma ukugcinwa kwamanzi okuyingxenye ekhethekile ye-retina ebizwa ngokuthi i- macula . I-macula itholakala ngemuva kweso futhi isinikeza umbono ocacile, ophakathi. Yingxenye ye- retina esiyisebenzisayo uma "sihlose" umbono wethu wokubheka okuhlosiwe. Umswakama ungakha ngaphakathi kwe-macula kusuka emithanjeni engavamile, evulekayo yegazi. Uma i-macula i-edema ivela, umbono ophakathi usuke uphazamiseka noma wehla.
Izimbangela
I-Macular edema ingaba uphawu noma uphawu lwezinye izimo eziningi. Isifo sikashukela siyimbangela evamile kakhulu ye-macular edema. I-Macular edema ivame kakhulu kubantu abangenawo umfutho wegazi ongalawuleki. Izifo ezithile zeso, ezifana ne-retinitis pigmentosa ne-uveitis nazo zingabangela i-macular edema. I-Macular edema ingabuye ibe yinkimbinkimbi yokuhlinzwa kweso. Imithi ethile esetshenziswa ekwelapheni i-glaucoma njenge-latanoprost (Xalatan) nayo yaziwa ngokubangela i-macular edema.
Ukuxilongwa
Udokotela uzoqala ukulalela izikhalazo zakho futhi enze umlando wezokwelapha, njengokuthi unesifo sikashukela noma ukuhlinzwa kwamuva. Okulandelayo, bazokwazi ukulinganisa ubuciko bakho obubonakalayo ngokuthi umboze enye iso nokufunda izincwadi eshadini leso. Ngokujwayelekile, i-macular edema ibangela umbono ukuthi uphazamiseke. Odokotela bangase bakunikeze uvivinyo olubizwa ngokuthi i-Amsler Grid ukuze ubone ukuthi umbono wakho awuzange yini ufihliwe kodwa uhlanekezelwe. Amaconsi e-eye akhethekile azohlinzekwa ukuhlanza umfundi wakho ukuze ngaphakathi kweso lingabonwa.
I-Macular edema ezimweni eziningi ingabonakala nje ngokubheka i-macula yakho nge-microscope yesibani esitsheni. Kodwa-ke, amacala afihlakele kunzima ukubona. Kulokhu, i- OCT izokwenziwa. Isithombe esivela ku-OCT singavumela odokotela ukuba babheke izendlalelo zomuntu ngamunye we-retina. I-Optical Coherence Tomography iyisimo esingenasidingo esisebenzisa ukukhanya ukuthola izithombe lapho i-macular edema ibonakala khona kalula.
Ngesinye isikhathi odokotela bangase basebenzise ukuhlolwa kwelayi-injection ukuze ukugeleza kwegazi kuhlaziywe nge-macula.
Ukwelapha
I-Macular edema iphathwa ngendlela ehlukile ngokuya ngesisekelo esiyimbangela. Isibonelo, uma isifo sikashukela esingalawuleki noma umfutho wegazi ophakeme kungesizathu, ukwelashwa kungase kuhloswe ukulawula lezo zimiso kuqala. Kodwa-ke, uma izimpawu zinzima noma uma udokotela ekhathazekile ngokuthi i-edema ingabangela ukulahlekelwa kombono noma ukulimala, izokwelapha ngemithi noma imishanguzo.
Ngokuvamile, isidakamizwa esingezona-steroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAID) sinqunywe ngendlela yokudonsa iso. Lokhu kungadingeka kuthathwe amasonto ambalwa futhi ngezinye izikhathi izinyanga ukulawula i-edema. Odokotela bazophinde banikeze i-corticosteroids uhlobo lwe-headical eye drop noma amaphilisi omlomo. I-Corticosteroids ingabuye igwetshwe ngaphakathi noma eduze kweso.
Esinye isigaba sezidakamizwa okuthiwa i-anti-VEGF (i-vascular endothelial growth factor) izidakamizwa zifakwa ngokuqondile emehlweni. Leli klasi elisha elincane lomuthi wezokwelapha ukwehlisa imithwalo yegazi engavamile nokuvimbela ukukhula kwemithambo yegazi emisha evulekile.