I-Strabismus iyiqembu lezimo lapho eyodwa noma zombili amehlo azihambisani, noma zikhonjiswe ngendlela efanayo. Uma iso elilodwa lingahloswe kwelinye ilanga njengelinye ilanga, khona-ke izithombe ezimbili ziyoholela ekuboneni umbono kabili . Nakuba i-strabismus ivame ukuboniswa esemncane noma ebuntwaneni, abantu abadala bangakwazi ukuhlakulela nesifo.
Yini Ebangela Amehlo Ukubhekwa?
Abantu banemisipha eyisithupha kweso ngalinye elivumela ukunyakaza kweso.
Lezi zinhlanzi zihlala zithola izibonakaliso zesisindo ezivela ebuchosheni ezilawula ukunyakaza kweso futhi zivumela ukuba amehlo akhombise ukunyakaza ndawonye ukuze bobabili amehlo abhekiswe kwelitshe elifanayo. Uma ulwazi olutholakele kulezi zindlela zokuzizwa zingalungile, iso lingase lingene, liphume, liye phezulu noma liphansi. Kungathinta iso elilodwa noma kokubili amehlo. Iso elithintekayo lingase liphenduke njalo noma liphakathi futhi lingabe libi nakakhulu phakathi nezikhathi zokukhathala noma ukugula. Kwezinye izimo, i-strabismus ingenzeka ngenxa yokuvinjelwa noma ukuthuthukiswa okungafanele kwe-ligament.
Ukusebenzisa kahle kokubili amehlo kubalulekile ekuboneni okuhle kokujula. Uma iso elilodwa lingasetshenzisiwe, ukuqonda okujulile kunqunyelwe. Uma ilanga elilodwa lingalokothi likhonjiswe kwelitshe elifanayo, umbono ophindwe kabili ungabangela. Ukuze ubhekane nokubona izithombe ezimbili, ubuchopho bungase buvimbele esinye sezithombe ukuze ubone isithombe esisodwa kuphela. Ngokushesha ubuchopho bufunda ukunganaki isithombe sesibili.
Izinhlobo ze-Strabismus
I-Strabismus ibizwa ngokuthi iqondiswa kanjani lapho iso liyeke khona.
I-esotropia yenzeka uma iso liphendukela ngaphakathi.
I-Exotropia yenzeka uma ilanga liphendukela ngaphandle.
I-hypertropia yenzeka uma iso liphendukela phezulu.
I-hypotropia yenzeka lapho ilanga liyehla .
Izimbangela
Ezinye izinhlobo ze-strabismus zibangelwa ukuthuthukiswa okungavamile kwesistimu ye-binocular ebuchosheni.
Uhlelo lokuhlala (ukugxila ohlelweni) luvumela amehlo ethu ukuba ashintshe amandla nokugxila ukuze izinto zihlale zicacile kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ibanga. Uhlelo lwe-binocular / alignment lulawula indlela amehlo ethu asebenza ngayo. Uma sibheka kude, amehlo ethu aqondile. Uma sibheka into esondelene kakhulu, amehlo ethu ajika noma aphenduke futhi amehlo ethu akhulise amandla abo okugxila. Uma sibheke emuva ibanga, siphumuza amandla ethu okugcizelela futhi amehlo abuye abuyele.
Izingane ezincane zinamandla amaningi okugxila. Ngenxa yalokho, lapho ingane inesibalo esikhulu kakhulu sokungaqondakali kahle, ingane izama ukwenza izinto zicaciswe ngokugxila kanzima kakhulu. Ukuze kuzuze lokho, kumele bagxile kakhulu ukuxazulula inkinga yombono ongalungile. Uma begxila kakhulu lokhu, amasistimu e-binocular and focusing begin to get signs. Ngokuvamile, iso elilodwa lizophendukela. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi isotropia.
Uhlelo lokugxila luzoqala futhi ukuthumela izimpawu zomzimba wezinyosi ukuguqula amehlo ngaphakathi. Uma amehlo ephoqeleka ukuba agxile ngalokhu okuningi, izimpawu ezingavamile ziya emisipha yamehlo okwenza iso elilodwa lingene futhi liwele. Ezinye izingane zingase zingabizi futhi amehlo azo ngeke aphenduke, kodwa bazoba nombono obi kakhulu ngoba azikho ngaphezu kokugxila.
Ubuchopho babo bakhetha ukugcina imisipha iqondile, kodwa bayabona isithombe esicacile kakhulu.
Ezinye izinhlobo ze-strabismus, njenge-exotropia, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ezibhekwa njengezindonga noma iso elimangazayo zingabangelwa umehluko omkhulu esimweni sokubukeka kweso phakathi kwamahlo amabili. Uma ilanga elilodwa linegciwane elikhulu futhi elinye iso lingenalo, ubuchopho bungase bujabulele iso elinenkinga yombono ophansi noma omncane kakhulu. Uma ilanga lingasetshenziswanga isikhathi eside, akukho okufakwayo kwezinzwa.
Ngamanye amazwi, ubuchopho abuyisebenzisi lelo liso. Ngenxa yalokho, iso lingase liqale ukugijima ngaphandle. Lokhu kwenzeka futhi lapho umuntu enesifo se-eye esibangela umbono owenziwe isikhathi eside.
Ubuchopho abuyitholi ulwazi oluhle kusuka kulowohlo futhi lungase luqale ukugijima ngaphandle. Ezimweni eziningi zobuntwaneni bokungabantwana, asikho imbangela ebonakalayo.
Ukuphambuka okuqondile, lapho ilanga elilodwa lingase likhuphuke noma iso elilodwa libheke phansi, ngokuvamile libangelwa ukukhubazeka komkhuhlane wesine we-cranial. Ukukhubazeka kuvame ukubangelwa ukulimala, ukushaywa yisisu noma isisindo futhi okungavamile, isisu. I-strabismus ebonakalayo nayo ingabangelwa yizinkinga ze-neurologic, isifo se-thyroid kanye ne-fibrosis noma ukuhlukumeza okuyinto ngezinye izikhathi kuyingxenye ye-muscle syndromes eyenziwa ngabantu, njenge-Duane's retraction syndrome.
Strabismus yesikhashana noma yamanga
Abazali bavame ukubona iso eliphakathi kwezingane zabo, ngokuvamile phakathi nezinyanga eziyisithupha zokuqala. Lesi yisibonakaliso sokuthuthukiswa okujwayelekile futhi nje kuyisibonakaliso sezingane ezifunda ukusebenzisa amehlo abo ndawonye. Kodwa-ke, lesi sivumelwano esincane singavamile emva kwezinyanga eziyisithupha ubudala futhi uma sibonakala ngemva kwalesi sikhathi, abazali kufanele bafune iseluleko sezingane zabo noma i- optometrist noma i-ophthalmologist.
Leli gama lombono we-pseudo-strabismus linikezwa izinsana ezithile kanye nezingane ezincane ezivele zivele zivele zamehlo. Lokhu kubonakala emaqenjini athile lapho ibhuloho lempumulo lihle kakhulu kunesikhumba esincane noma esingeziwe esihlanganisa isikhumba sangaphakathi. Lesi sikhumba esengeziwe sibhekwa njengamafolda e-epicanthic. Lokhu ngezinye izikhathi kubonisa ukubonakala kwamehlo kancane futhi ngokuvamile kuhamba njengoba ubuso bomntwana bukhula.
Ukwelapha
I-Strabismus iphathwa ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene. Udokotela wakho wezandla uzokwazi ukuthola inqubo engcono kakhulu yokwelapha.
- Ama-Eye Glasses - Uma ingane iqala ukuhlala esotropia njengendawo ngenxa yamehlo okugxila ekukhokheleni inani elikhulu lokubona okungabonakali, ukwelashwa kumane nje kulungise ngokugcwele inkinga yombono wengane. Ngemuva kokuthi umuthi wokugqoka we-eyeglass ufanelekile, iso ngeke liphinde libheke phambili futhi amehlo ahlale eqeda ngokushesha. Ukulungisa inkinga yombono kuvame ukuqeda ukuphambuka okukhulu kodwa kungase kwenzeke uma kuguqulwa amehlo ngesikhathi sokufunda. Kulokhu, i-lens bifocal inqunyelwe ukunikeza amandla engeziwe.
- I-Prism - i-Prism uhlobo lens lugweba ukukhanya ngendlela ethile. Odokotela bezilingo bayakwazi ukubeka i-prism ukuhambisa izinto phezulu esimweni esivumela ukuthi umthengi akwazi ukufakela izithombe ukuze umbono wesithathu ungenzeki. Lokhu kubalulekile kwezinye iziguli ezithola umbono ophindwe kabili njengomphumela we-strabismus. Ezimweni ezithile, ama-prism amandla angaphambene nawo angahle anqunywe ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukubukeka kwesimiso se-strabismus.
- Umbono Wezokwelapha - I-Vision Therapy (VT) ihlanganisa amasu amaningi ahlukahlukene ukuze aqondise noma avumele umuntu obhekene ne-strabismus ukuba afunde lapho iso liyeka ukuze bafunde ukusebenzisa imisipha yabo yehlise ukunciphisa. Ngezinye izikhathi izinhlelo ezithile zemishini nemishini yekhompiyutha zisetshenziselwa ukunikeza impendulo yokuziphatha yomuntu ukulawula ukuphambuka kwemisipha yeso. Ngesinye isikhathi, ukuhlolwa kwemisipha yeso elithile kwenziwa ukuqinisa imisipha yamehlo. I-VT iphumelela kakhulu ku-exotropia nokuhlukana okuncane kwe-esotropi kodwa hhayi yimpumelelo ngokwemali enkulu yesototropia.
- Ukwelashwa - Ukuhlinzwa kwe- muscle ye-strabismus kuphumelela kakhulu ezimweni eziningi. Abahlinzayo bamazinyo abasebenza ngokukhethekile ekuhlinzeni imisipha yezilanga basebenzisa izindlela eziningi ezihilela ukunciphisa noma ukuhambisa imisipha yamehlo. I-sutures eguquguqukayo isetshenziselwa ukuhlehlisa ukulungisa imisipha kweso ngqo emva kokuhlinzwa.
- I-Botox - I-toxin ye-Botulinum ijojowe ngqo kwesinye sezinsizwa ezilawula ukunyakaza kwamehlo. Lokhu kuvimbele okwesikhashana umfutho wezinzwa futhi kubangele ukuba imisipha ibe yinkimbinkimbi. Le misipha ikhululeka futhi enye imisipha yamehlo ithatha i-slack ukuze iqondise iso. Izilonda ze-strabismus kwakuyingxenye yokuqala yokusetshenziswa kwe-Botox ekunakekelweni kwezempilo.