I-megacolon eyingozi (eyaziwa nangokuthi i-dilation enobuthi) ingaba isifo esibi kakhulu sesifo sofuba (IBD) . Lokhu kuyinkimbinkimbi eyenzeka ngokuphindaphindiwe nge-ulcerative colitis kunalokho okwenzayo ngesifo sikaCrohn. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi i-megacolon enobuthi ayidlangalaleni futhi ivela ezingaphansi kwama-5% amacala we-IBD enzima. Isimo senzeke uma ikoloni ihlukumezeka kakhulu, noma igxilile, bese ilahlekelwa ukugeleza kwegazi okwanele.
Ngaphandle kwegazi elifanele ukuya ekoloni, izicubu zingaba ischemic, okusho ukuthi uyafa.
Ukwelapha ukuqhuma kwe-IBD ngaphambi kokuba kube nzima kungasiza ekuvimbeleni i-megacolon enobuthi. Ezimweni eziningi, abantu abane-ulcerative colitis nabo bayelulekwa ukuba baqaphele imishanguzo yokulwa nesifo sohudo ngoba baye baxhunyaniswa ne-megacolon enobuthi. Noma ubani one-IBD ozwa ubuhlungu obukhulu besisu, isisu esisithukuthele, nomkhuhlane, kufanele afune usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha.
Izimbangela
I-megacolon enobuthi ingaba yinto evamile kubantu abane-IBD ikakhulukazi. Kwezinye izimo, kungabangelwa ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwezidakamizwa ezithile, kuhlanganise nezidakamizwa; izidakamizwa ezisetshenziselwa ukuphumula ubuhlungu, anticholinergics; izidakamizwa ezisetshenziswa ukucindezeleka, ukukhathazeka nokwesaba; kanye nokulwa nomzimba, njenge-loperamide. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, kuvame ukuphakanyiswa ukuthi abantu abane-ulcerative colitis abayithathi imithi yokulwa nokulwa nomzimba ngaphandle kwemvume evela, nokuqondiswa okude, i- gastroenterologist enolwazi ekuphatheni iziguli ezine-IBD.
Izimpawu
Imibukiso ye-megacolon enobuthi ifaka phakathi:
- Ubuhlungu besisu nomusa
- Isibeletho esiswini
- Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo
- Ukwehlisa umfutho wegazi
- I-leukocytosis (inani eliphakeme legazi elimhlophe )
- Ubufakazi be-colonic distension kwi-x-ray yesisu
- Umkhuhlane ophakeme (40 ° C [104 ° F])
- Ukwehla kwamanzi
Abantu abane-megacolon enobuthi babonakala begula kakhulu futhi banomlando wezinsuku ezimbalwa zokuhuda kanye nobuhlungu besisu.
Ukwelapha
Ukwelashwa kwasekuqaleni kubalulekile ku-megacolon engozini ukugwema izinkinga ezingozi ezisongela ukuphila, njengokushaqeka, i-colon perforation (inyembezi eludongeni lwamakoloni), i- peritonitis (ukutheleleka esiswini) kanye ne-septicemia (ukutheleleka egazini). Ngakwesokunxele, i-colon ingase ihlukane, isimo esibulalayo kumacala angu-30%. Uma uphethwe ngokuphumelelayo ezinyathini zokuqala, i-megacolon enobuthi inezinga lokufa elingaphansi kuka-4%. Yingakho kubalulekile ukuthola noma yiziphi izimpawu ezintsha ezihlolwe udokotela, futhi uthole izimpawu ezinzima ezibhekiswe ngokushesha.
Isifuba kufanele sididiswe, okuvame ukufezwa ngokudlulisa ithubhu esuka ngaphandle komzimba kuya kolononi. Uma isiguli siphelelwe amandla noma sishaqeka, ukwelashwa kwe-IV kungasetshenziswa ukufaka esikhundleni se-electrolyte namanzi. Njengoba ukuphuka kungabangela ukutheleleka okukhulu, ama-antibiotic anganikezwa. I-Corticosteroids ingasiza ekuqedeni ukuvuvukala ekoloni.
Ezimweni ezimbi ezingaphenduli ekwelapheni, kungadingeka ukuthi i- colectomy ephuthumayo noma ephelele. Ku-colectomy ephelele, ebizwa nangokuthi i-proctocolectomy, ikholoni isusiwe. I-proctocolectomy ingase ikhethwe kubantu abane-ulcerative colitis, njengoba i- j-pouch ingahle yenziwe ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa okwesibili, ngemva kokubuyiselwa kusuka ku-megacolon enobuthi.
Inqubo ye-j-pouch izokwehlisa isidingo sokuba ileostomy engunaphakade. Njengoba i-proctocolectomy iyindlela yokwelashwa yesifo sofuba esiswini esiqine, i-ulcerative colitis ngeke ibuyele ngemva kokuhlinzwa. Akunconywa ngamacala wesifo sikaCrohn, njengoba isifo sikaCrohn singase siphindele esikhwameni se-ileal.
Ezimweni eziningi, uma i-megacolon enobuthi isuphathwa ngendlela efanele, ukubikezelwa kuhle kakhulu.
Imithombo:
ADAM "I-Megacolon enobuthi." ADAM, Inc 2004. 30 Jul 2009.