I-Cancer yamaseli e-Blood Plasma
I-myeloma eminingi i-cell cell (i-plasma cell) umdlavuza ngokuvamile uvame ukutholakala kubantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65. E-United States, ingozi ye-myeloma eminingi iphakeme kakhulu phakathi kwabantu base-Afrika-baseMelika futhi abaphansi kakhulu phakathi kwama-Asian-American. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi lo mdlavuza uthinta abantu abahlanu kuya kwabayisithupha ngabangu-100 000 ngonyaka.
I-Cancer kusho ukukhula okungalawulwa kwamaseli.
Ku-myeloma eminingi, umnkantsha wamathambo uveza ngokweqile inani lamaseli e-plasma angavamile. Ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza lapho kune-tumor, la maseli omdlavuza ngokuvamile ahlala kuwo wonke umthambo wegazi kanye negazi, nakuba i-tumor ingafaka ithambo noma ezintanjeni ezithambile .
Izimpawu ze-Myeloma eminingi
I-myeloma eminingi ibangela izimpawu eziningi ezingabandakanya:
- Ubuhlungu be-Bone , ngokuvamile e-back back or nbsp
- Ukhathala nobuthakathaka ngenxa yamazinga aphansi amangqamuzana egazi abomvu egazini (i-anemia)
- Ukutheleleka kaningi kanye nemifudu ngenxa yokutheleleka okuncane-okulwa namaseli amhlophe egazi
- Izinkinga zezinso, ezingabangela ukunyuka okwandayo, ukwanda kwamanzi, ukucwenga, noma ukuqothulwa
- Ukulahlekelwa kwesisindo
- Amathambo aphukile ngenxa yamathambo abuthakathaka
Ukuthola i-Myeloma eminingi
Ukuxilongwa kwe-myeloma eminingi kungase kukhishwe ngokusekelwe ezimpawu umuntu azizwayo. Inani eliphelele le-cell cell (CBC) lizobonisa amazinga aphezulu amangqamuzana e-plasma namazinga aphansi amangqamuzana egazi abomvu (i-anemia).
Ezinye izivivinyo zegazi (njenge-serum protein electrophoresis) zizobonisa amazinga aphezulu e-calcium namanye amaprotheni egazi.
Ukuhlolwa komchamo (umchamo wesiprotheni electrophoresis) uhlola inani leprojekthi ye- Bence Jones eqoqwe ngaphezu kwesikhathi samahora angu-24. Ngomongo wama-myeloma amaningi, kuyoba nezinga eliphezulu lala maprotheni okwamanje.
I- bone marrow biopsy (isampula) izothathwa ukuyofuna amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Uhlolo olukhethekile lwe-radiologic (inhlolovo yama-skeletal) lwenziwe ukusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa. Ama-X-ray angahlola amathambo aphukile noma abuthakathaka.
Ukuxilongwa kwe-myeloma eminingi kuqinisekiswa ngokuba khona kwamangqamuzana omdlavuza we-myeloma ( amangqamuzana angamajwayelekile e-plasma) emnothweni wethambo kanye nokuba khona kwamaprotheni okweqile egazini noma emcimbini.
Ukuhlukaniswa kanye nokuhlelwa kwesiteji
I-myeloma eminingi ingahle ibekwe eceleni kwesinye sezigaba ezintathu:
- I-gammopathy yama-monoclonal yokubaluleka okungaqaliwe (MGUS): Lesi simo sihlobo "lwe-myeloma yangaphambili," okusho ukuthi amaprotheni okweqile akhona kodwa izinga lamaseli e-plasma aphansi. I-MGUS yona ngokwayo ayinabungozi, kodwa amaphesenti angaba ngu-16 abantu abanalo bayakha i-myeloma yami ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
- I-plasmacytoma yangasese: I-Myelomas kulesi sigaba ifakwe endaweni eyodwa noma isifo esisodwa.
- I-myeloma eminingi engabonakali noma ekhwehlelayo: Kulesi sigaba, ukuhlolwa kwegazi kanye ne-bone marrow biopsy kubonisa ukuba khona kwe-myeloma eminingi kodwa izimpawu azikho.
- I-myeloma eminingi ephawulekayo: Kulesi sigaba, abantu abane-myeloma eminingi babonisa izimpawu noma bazibonela izimpawu.
Umdlavuza wesigcawu kusho ukucacisa izinga. Ingabe i-myeloma eminingi iboshelwe emnothweni, noma ingabe umdlavuza usakazekele kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba njengamathambo?
Isigaba somdlavuza sinquma ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo zokwelashwa ezizodingeka. Ngenxa yokuthi i-myeloma eminingi ingaba yande kakhulu, isiteji sayo ngokuvamile sisekelwe esimweni esinzima somdlavuza emzimbeni.
Ukwelapha i-Myeloma Eningi
Abantu abaneMGUS noma abangekho izimpawu bavame ukubhekwa ngokuhlolwa okuvamile ngokomzimba nokuhlolwa kwegazi kepha abaphathwa. Abantu abanezibonakaliso bangaphathwa nge:
- Imithi ye-Chemotherapy: Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise iCytoxan (cyclophosphamide), i-Alkeran (melphalan), noma i-corticosteroids njenge-prednisone. Inhlanganisela ye-Thalomid (thalidomide) ne-Decadron (dexamethasone) nayo itholakale ukuthi iyindlela yokwelapha ephumelelayo.
- Ukwelashwa kwe-radiation: Le ndlela yokwelashwa isebenzisa imisebe enamandla ephezulu ukubulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza kanye nokwehlisa izicubu.
- I-stem cell (bone marrow) ukufakelwa kabusha : Lokhu ukwelashwa kufaka esikhundleni somnkantsha wesifo esinomsoco onempilo.
- Umuthi olwa nomdlavuza obizwa nge-Velcade (bortezomib): Imithi ephathwa ngokuqondile noma njengengxube ngaphansi kwesikhumba sakho (ngaphansi kwesigqila).
Ngaphezu kwalokho, abantu abane-myeloma amaningi bangathola ukwelashwa kwezimpawu, njengokuthola ukumpontshelwa ngegazi ukuze baphathe i-anemia noma ama-antibiotics ukuphatha izifo.
Imithombo
- Lonial, uSagar. "Mayelana ne-Myeloma." I-Myeloma Research Foundation eminingi. 9 Sep 2005. I-Myeloma Research Foundation eminingi.
- "Okudingeka Ukwazi Nge-Myeloma Eningi." Izihloko ze-Cancer. Dec 2004. National Cancer Institute.