Eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane edlule ukudala ama-clones ayekhona kuphela emakhasini esayensi yezinganekwane. Namuhla, ukugaya indawo yindawo ekhulayo yokucwaninga kwesayensi ngekhono lokuphatha kangcono izifo zabantu. Isilwane esiyinkimbinkimbi yikhophi eqondile yesilwane esanikela ngolwazi lwazo zofuzo (i- DNA ) yendalo yayo. Ngo-oncology, leli gama lisetshenziselwa ukuchaza umndeni owodwa noma uhlobo lwamaseli omdlavuza.
Ososayensi bangakwazi futhi ukuhlanganisa izakhi zofuzo zomuntu.
Inqubo yeCloning
Amaseli aqukethe i-DNA. Ngamazwi alula, ukwenza i-clone, i-DNA isusiwe kusuka kwenye yamaseli ayo. Le DNA ifakwa esitokisini seqanda lesilwane sesifazane. Iqanda le-clone libekwa esibelethweni sesilwane sesifazane ukuze sikhule futhi sithuthukise. Lena inqubo yesayensi eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, futhi kunzima ukuphumelela nayo. Izilwane eziningi ze-clone ziyafa ngaphambi kokuzalwa. Ngisho nangemva kokubeletha, izilwane ezinamakhompiyutha zingabhekana nezinkinga zempilo ngaphezu kwesilinganiso kanye nokuphila okufishane okulindelekile.
Isilwane sokuqala esiyi-cloned yayingu-sheep, okuthiwa nguDolly, owazalwa ngonyaka ka-1996. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kuye kwaba nezinye izilwane eziningi ezibandakanya izinkoma, amakati, izimbuzi, izingulube, izinkomo, nezinkawu. Awekho ama-clones womuntu, nakuba ubuchwepheshe ukwenza kanjalo kungenzeka. Ukwehlisa abantu kuyindaba ephikisana kakhulu.
Ukusebenzisa i-Cloning ekuqedeni izifo
I-gene isigaba esithile seDNA. Ososayensi bangakwazi ukuqoqa izakhi zofuzo ngokuzidlulisela ezivela kwesinye isidalwa kuya kwesinye futhi zibuye ziphinde ziphindaphindiwe.
Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-DNA cloning noma i-DNA technology ephindaphindiwe.
Ukwenza isisu sombungu womuntu yiluhlobo oluningi kakhulu lokuphikisana. Ebizwa ngokuthi ukwelapha Ukwenzela i-cloning, inhloso yayo ukudala imibungu yabantu ukuze ucwaninge. Abantu abaningi bayaphikisana naloluhlobo lwe-cloning ngoba imibungu yabantu ibhujiswa ngesikhathi sokucwaninga.
Esinye sezindawo ezithembisayo kakhulu zocwaningo yi-stem cell therapeutics. Ngo-2013, ososayensi e-Oregon Health & Science University baba ngabokuqala ukuhlanganisa imibungu ukuze benze amangqamuzana amancane . Ama-stem cells abhekwa njengewusizo emithi ngoba banamandla okuba yiluphi uhlobo lweseli.
Isibonelo, uma usungula isifo sezinso futhi udinga izinso ezintsha. Ilungu lomndeni lingase libe ngumlingana oseduze kangangokuthi banganikeza izinso noma ungathola inhlanhla futhi uthole umhlinzeki womzimba kwenye indawo. Noma kunjalo, kunethuba lokuthi umzimba wakho ungalahla isitho. Imithi yokwelashwa yokulwa nokulahla inganciphisa lelo thuba, kodwa lizokwehlisa isistimu yakho yomzimba .
Ama-stem cells akwazi ukuxazulula inkinga yokulahla inhlangano . Ngenxa yokuthi amangqamuzana angama-stem angashintsha noma yiluphi uhlobo lweseli, angasetshenziswa ukudala izitho noma izicubu ozidingayo, usebenzisa amaseli akho. Njengoba amangqamuzana angowakho, umzimba wakho ngeke ube nomthelela wokubahlasela njengokungathi bangamaseli angaphandle. Ngenkathi amangqamuzana e-stem anenqwaba yamandla, ubunzima bokuthola amangqamuzana ahlala. Kubonakala sengathi amangqamuzana angama-embryo amaningi kakhulu. Lawa maseli angabuye avunwe kusuka emathangeni omzimba kanye namanye amathisimu emzimbeni omdala.
Izinselelo Zenqubo
Ama-stem omdala amangqamuzana anzima ukuvuna futhi angase abe namandla angaphansi kwamaseli e-embryonic stem.
Inselele ke iba indlela yokudala amangqamuzana amancane okugaya abantu abadala. Yilapho abacwaningi e-Oregon University of Health & Science beza khona. Umsebenzi wabo wasebenzisa ama-embryd womuntu, wasusa i-DNA yeqanda, wabe eseyishintsha nge-DNA ethathwe amangqamuzana esikhumba esikhulile.
I-laboratory yasesebenzisa inhlanganisela yamakhemikhali namagesi kagesi ukuze i-embryo ikhule futhi ithuthukise amangqamuzana amancane. La maseli angama-stem angase asetshenziswe, ekufundiseni, ukudala izitho nama-tisses omuntu owanikela nge-DNA cell cell cell. Ngesikhathi lolu cwaningo luthembela kakhulu, ama-embryo ama-stem amangqamuzana ase-stem ahlala ephikisana kakhulu.
Umthombo:
I-NPR. Ososayensi Ama-Clone Human Embryos Ukwenza Amaseli E-Stem (2013).
Izikhungo zezempilo zikazwelonke. Ulwazi lweselula lwesitembu