Ukubheka ngokucophelela ukuhlukunyezwa kwezingane zokubeletha
Ngokusho kweNational Institute on Drug Abuse, yonke imizuzu engu-25 ingane izalwa ihlushwa i-opioid ukuhoxiswa. Ukuhoxiswa kwe-opioid ezinganeni kuyinkinga yezempilo kazwelonke echaphazela imindeni, abantwana kanye nabakhokhi bentela.
Kuyini Ukuvimbela Ukukhubazeka Kwe-Neonatal?
Ukuhoxiswa kwe-opioid kwenzeka lapho ingane izalwa isela izidakamizwa ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa umama ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.
Uma umntwana ezalwa, akasawutholi izidakamizwa kumama, ngakho-ke umntwana usuqeda izimpawu zokukhishwa ngokomzimba. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-neonatal abstinence syndrome noma i-NAS.
Umama angabonisa ingane yakhe engakazalwa ukuba iphose izidakamizwa, ezibandakanya i-heroin, i-codeine, i-oxycodone noma i- Oxycontin, i-Vicodin, i-methadone ne-buprenorphine, phakathi nokukhulelwa kwakhe ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene.
Ngeshwa, i-NAS empeleni ikhulile ngaphezu kweminyaka, iphinde iphindwe kabili inani lezingane ngo-2012 uma kuqhathaniswa no-2000, lapho abantwana abangu-21 732 bezalwa benesifo. Khona-ke, ngo-2015, inani lezinsana ezilutha izidakamizwa zavuka futhi. E-Ohio, isibonelo, kwakunabantwana abayi-159 abazalwa benomlutha ngezidakamizwa kuzo zonke izingane eziyizinkulungwane eziyishumi zokuzalwa. Leyo nani yayinamaphesenti ayisishiyagalombili kunama-2005.
Amanani we-NAS ahluka ngombuso, kodwa futhi uyaziwa ukuthi omama emiphakathini engenayo engenayo kanye nabomama abanokukhulelwa okungalindelekile banamanani aphezulu okusetshenziswa kwe-opioid ngesikhathi bekhulelwe.
Abanye besifazane bayaqhubeka ukusebenzisa ama-opioid ngaphambi kokuqaphela ukuthi bakhulelwe futhi abakwazi ukumisa ngenxa yokulutha kwabo.
Iziphi Izixazululo Ukuthi Ukukhubazeka Kwesifo Sokubeletha Kungasetshenziswa?
I-NAS inemiphumela yesikhathi eside emindenini, ezinsaneni nasemphakathini. Izinsana ezizalwa nge-NAS zingase zibe nezinkinga zomzimba ezifana nokuzalwa okuphansi okuphansi kanye nezinkinga zokuphefumula ezidinga ukunakekelwa okusheshayo.
Kungenzeka futhi ukuthi bazozalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi (ngaphambi kwamasonto angu-37), okubangela ukucindezeleka ngokwabo.
Izimpawu ze-NAS zihlanganisa ukucasuka, ukucindezela ngokweqile noma ukukhala okukhulu, ukulala ubunzima, ukucabangela okukhulu, ukuthuthumela, ukuzuza isisindo esincane, ukuhlanza nezihlalo ezingavamile. Imiphumela esheshayo yokuhoxiswa ibangela nokujuluka, ukuphefumula kwamanzi, ukushisa komkhuhlane, ukuphefumula okusheshayo), nomzimba wesikhumba kanye nombala, njengoba umzimba wabo ulwa nokuntuleka kwezidakamizwa ohlelweni lwabo. Ngokuvamile, izimpawu ezinzima ze-NAS zivela phakathi kwamahora angu-24 no-48 ngemva kokuzalwa.
Isikhathi eside, izinsana ze-NAS nazo zinamathuba okuba nezinkinga zezokwelapha, zokuziphatha nezentuthuko. Izinsana eziye zazitholela ama-opiates esibelethweni zivame ukuzwa umbono ompofu, ukunciphisa ukuthuthukiswa kwengqondo nokuthuthukiswa kwezimoto, ukungahloniphi, ukunakekelwa kokulahleka kokukhathazeka, ngisho nememori encane. Uma umntwana evezwe ekusetshenzisweni kwe-methadone, i-opiate ejwayelekile, kungenzeka ukuthi ikwazi ukuthuthukisa izinkinga phakathi kwezindlebe zomphakathi, okungaholela ekulahlekelweni kokuzwa, okusho ukuthi kuthinte ukuthuthukiswa kwelulwimi.
Ngenxa yokuthi izingane ze-NAS nazo zinenkinga enkulu yempilo futhi zidinga ukwelashwa okwengeziwe, zihlala esibhedlela isikhathi eside kunezingane ezijwayelekile, eziqhuba izindleko zokunakekelwa kwazo.
Isibonelo, ngo-2012, izinsana ezisanda kuzalwa ze-NAS zahlala ziphakathi kwezinsuku eziyi-16,9 ngokuhambisana nezinsuku ezijwayelekile ezingu-2.1 ezinsana ezinempilo. Izindleko zokunakekela ingane eyodwa kuphela nge-NAS zibiza isilinganiso samaRandi angama-66 700, kuyilapho ukunakekelwa kwezinsana ezinempilo kubiza cishe ama-3 500 $. Iningi lezindleko zokunakekelwa kwalezi zingane lalikhokhelwe izinhlelo ze-Medicaid zombuso, ngenani elilinganiselwa inani elilinganiselwa ku-R5.5 billion.
Ukwelashwa kwe-NAS
Ukwelapha izingane nge-NAS, odokotela kufanele banikeze inani elincane elilawulwa ama-opioid ukuze bagcine imizimba yabo encane ibe nezinkinga eziningi kusukela ekuhoxisweni. Lokhu kuvumela abasebenzi bezokwelapha ukuba bawaphulise kancane kancane izidakamizwa abajwayele kuzo.
Baqinisekisa nokugcina abantwana emakamelweni ngokukhanyisa okulula futhi imisindo ethule ukuze bangapheli-bavuselelwe njengoba bephumula futhi bephulukisa. Ukwelashwa okugcwele kwe-NAS kungathatha amasonto ayisithupha.
I-Takeaway
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-opioid ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kuyinkinga enzima eqhubekayo ithinta izinsana eziningi eziseMelika. Ukuhlukumeza i-opioid ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kungaholela enganeni ehlangabezana ne-abstinence syndrome futhi inezinkinga eziningi zezempilo ezisheshayo kanye nesikhathi eside.
Ngeshwa, i-NAS inzima ukunqoba ngoba abesifazane abadakwa izidakamizwa ngesikhathi bekhulelwe bakuthola kunzima ukufuna usizo. Nakuba ukusebenza nodokotela kungabasiza ukuba bathole uhlelo lwezokwelapha ukuze banqume izidakamizwa, bangase besabe ukulahlekelwa ukugcinwa kwengane yabo noma ukuthungelwa ngokusebenzisa izidakamizwa.
> Imithombo:
> Barfield, W., (2016, Agasti). Inkinga nge-neonatal abstinence syndrome. Amasevisi Okulawula Nokuvimbela Izifo. https://www.cdc.gov/cdcgrandrounds/pdf/archives/2016/august2016.pdf
> Isikhungo seNational on Abuse Abuse. (2015, Septemba). Ukwandiswa okuphawulekayo ekusetshenzisweni kwe-opioid yomama kanye nesifo sokuvimbela ingane. https://www.drugabuse.gov/related-topics/trends-statistics/infographics/dramatic-increases-in-maternal-opioid-use-neonatal-abstinence-syndrome