Ukuhlolwa kwegazi okhethekile kusetshenziselwa ukuxilonga ukutheleleka kwegciwane le-West Nile. Lokhu kuhloswe kuhloswe ekuboneni igciwane ngokwayo noma ekuhloleni ama-antibodies athize akhiwe ngokumelene negciwane le-West Nile.
Ukuhlolwa okucacile kwenziwa kubantu abagula kakhulu ngesifo sofuba esivela eNtshonalanga yeNtshonalanga kodwa abavame ukukwenza kulabo abanesimo esifana nesifo sofuba esifana nesifo.
Ukuthola Viral
Ukuhlolisisa igazi noma umzimba oketshezi lwegciwane leNayile eNtshonalanga kufezwa ngephenyo ye - polymerase chain reaction (PCR) , ukuhlola okungabona i-RNA yangempela yegciwane.
Lokhu kuvivinywa kaningi akusizi kakhulu ekuhloleni igciwane leNayile eNtshonalanga kubantu ngoba igciwane ngokuvamile likhona egazini ngenxa yesikhathi esifushane kakhulu emva kokutheleleka kwenzeka, futhi ngokuvamile iyahamba (noma emakethe okuphansi kakhulu) ngesikhathi izimpawu ezincane zikhula. Ngakho-ke ngezindlela ezinamandla zokutheleleka, ukuhlolwa kwe-PCR kuvame ukungalungi ngesikhathi ukuhlolwa kwenziwa.
Kodwa-ke, kubantu abahlakulela amacala amakhulu kakhulu e-West Nile fever, igciwane lingcono kakhulu ukuba liqhubeke negazi lapho isikhathi siqala ukugula, ngakho-ke ukuhlolwa kwe-PCR kuvame ukuba usizo.
Futhi, ukuhlolwa kwe-PCR ye- cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) kuwusizo kubantu abane-West Nile meningitis noma i- encephalitis , ngoba igciwane livame ukuba khona kwi-CSF kulaba bantu ngabanye.
Ukuhlolwa kwe-Antibody
Ukuhlolwa kwe-ELISA (i-test immunosorbent-ehlobene ne-enzyme) kungathola ukuthi kunezifo ezithintekayo ze-IgM umzimba owenziwe ukulwa negciwane le-West Nile. Lesi sivivinyo sivame ukuqhutshwa kabili-ngesikhathi sokugula okunzima, futhi futhi ngesikhathi sesigaba se-convalescent. Ukukhuphuka nokuwa kwamazinga e-IgM antibody ngokuvamile akwanele ukuze kutholakale ukuxilongwa.
Ukuhlola ukutheleleka kwe-West Nile kungabiza kakhulu, futhi ukuhumusha lokhu kuvivinywa kuvame ukuqondile ngqo. Ngakho ukuhlolwa kwe-diagnostic ye-West Nile virus ngokuvamile kwenziwa kuphela uma kuthathwa njengokubalulekile ukwenza ukuxilongwa okuqondile.
Ukuhlolwa kwe-Lab njalo
Nakuba ukuhlolwa kwegazi okuvamile (njengokubalwa kwegazi kanye ne-serum electrolytes) kwenziwa cishe noma yimuphi umuntu onokugula okunzima, lezi zivivinyo azivezi ngokukhethekile kumuntu one-HIV Nile.
Nini Ukuhlola
Iningi labantu abanegciwane lesandulela ngculaza lingenalo ukuhlolwa okuqondile-futhi abakudingi. Iningi labantu elivezwe ngegciwane le-West Nile lingenalo izimpawu nhlobo, noma lihlakulela ukugula okulinganiselwe ukugula okwenziwe ngokwabo, ngaphandle kokubonisana nochwepheshe bezokwelapha.
Eqinisweni, into efana namaphesenti angu-80 yesikhathi sokutheleleka ngegciwane lesigciwane seNayile eNtshonalanga ayifani neze nhlobo "ebandayo ehlobo" sonke esibhekana nayo ngezikhathi ezithile. Ngenxa yokuthi ayikho ukwelashwa okuqondile kwezigciwane ezibangelwa izifo ezinjalo (kuhlanganise negciwane lesigodi saseWest Nile), odokotela, ngokufanele, angenzi ukuhlolwa okubizayo ukubona ukuthi iyiphi igciwane elithile elibangela "ukubandayo."
Kodwa-ke, kukhona amacala amaningi okwenza ukuxilongwa okubalulekile kubalulekile.
Ngokuyisisekelo, lezi yizimo lapho:
- Isiguli sigula kakhulu, futhi kukhona ingozi yokugula isikhathi eside, ukukhubazeka okuhlala njalo, noma ukufa. Ezimweni ezinjalo, odokotela bazokwenza noma yikuphi ukuhlolwa okudingekayo ukuze kwenziwe ukuxilongwa okuqondile. Ukuhlola ukuhlukumezeka okudinga njalo kudingekile uma i-meningitis noma i-encephalitis ikhona.
- Ukwenza ukuxilongwa okuqondile kungabangela izinyathelo ezithile zempilo yomphakathi, njengokuthatha izinyathelo zokunciphisa umlingo noma umkhakathi wesibalo, noma ukuthumela isaziso sempilo kubantu abaningi.
Ezinye izifo eziningi ezingathí sina zingabonakala zifana kakhulu nokugula okubangelwa igciwane le-West Nile, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuchofoza ukuxilongwa ngendlela efanele.
Ukwenza i-diagnostic efanele, udokotela kufanele afake (ngaphezu kokuhlolwa kwelabhoratori), ukuthatha umlando oqaphele womlando wokuhamba wamuva, kanye nokuchayeka kumangqamu noma ukukhawulwa kwemikhaza. (I-virus eNtshonalanga ye-Nile ayaziwa ukuthi isakazwa kubantu kusukela emikhawulweni, kodwa ezinye izifo ezifanayo ziyiqiniso.)
Izifo ezingathí sina ezingase zididaniswe ne-HIV Nile ukutheleleka kwegciwane zihlanganisa:
- Amanye amagciwane nawo angabangela i-meningitis noma i-encephalitis, kuhlanganise ne- herpes simplex encephalitis, i- varicella-zoster encephalitis, i- Dengue fever , ukutheleleka kwegciwane le- Powassan , i-encephalitis yaseSt. Louis, i- encephalitis yaseJapane , noma i-encephalitis ngenxa ye- enterovirus .
- Izifo eziningana ezithinta izifo zingaveza izifo ezingahle zihlukaniswe nezifo eziseNtshonalanga Nile, kuhlanganise nomkhuhlane weDyy Mountain , i- Lyme nesifo se- ehrlichiosis.
- I-meningitis ye-bacterium ene-pneumococcus noma i-meningococcus ingabonakala njenganoma iyiphi enye i-meningitis, efaka phakathi i-meningitis ebangelwa igciwane le-West Nile.
Eziningi zalezi zifo zifuna ukwelashwa nge-antibiotics ethize. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, kubalulekile ukuba uhlolwe ngokuqondile lapho umuntu enesifo esingathí sina esingase (mhlawumbe noma singase) siphumelele ngenxa yegciwane lesigodi saseNtshonalanga.
> Imithombo:
> Barzon L, Pacenti M, Ulbert S, Palù G. Ukuthuthukiswa Okusheshayo Nezinselele Ekuhloleni Kwabantu BaseNtshonalanga Nile Virus Infection. Umhloli Rev Anti Anti Infect Ther 2015; 13: 327.
> Busch MP, uKleinman SH, Tobler LH, Et Al. I-Virus ne-Antibody Dynamics E-Acute West Nile Virus Infection. J Infect Dis 2008; 198: 984.
> Lindsey NP, Staples JE, Lehman JA, Et Al. Ukubhekwa Kwezifo Zase-West Nile Virus - I-United States, 1999-2008. I-MMWR Surveill Summ 2010; 59: 1.