Izingane zethu zenza kanjani lezi zinsuku? Kuyinto enhle kuxhomeke ukuthi ubani okhuluma naye. Ochwepheshe ekwelapheni kanye nesimo sempilo yomphakathi ukuthi lesi sizukulwane esinempilo kakhulu, ngamanani aphansi okufa kwezinsana, amanani aphansi okubhedlela, nokufinyelela kokudla okunempilo.
Abanye abanye, ababophezele kakhulu kumuthi wokuvimbela umuthi kanye nokunyakaza kwemithi ephelele noma yemvelo, bathi izingane ziyagula kunanake ngaphambili emlandweni.
Laba bantu abafanayo cishe bazosola amanani ethu okugoma okuphezulu okuthiwa i- autism isifo , amazinga aphezulu okufa kwezinsana, kanye namazinga okukhuphuka kwama-peanut, njll.
Imithi
Izingane kanye nentsha ingathola imithi eyi-13 evikela izifo ezivimbela ukugoma, okubandakanya i-diphtheria, i- tetanus , i-pertussis, isisomungumungwane , izimpumputhe, i-rubella, i-polio, i-varicella, izifo ze-pneumococcal, i-hepatitis A, i-hepatitis B, izifo ze-meningococcal, i-HPV, i-rotavirus, Hib, nomkhuhlane.
Lokhu kwenyuka okukhulu kusukela kwalezi zifo eziyisikhombisa zezifo zavikelwa ngo-1980, lapho izingane zisengozini yokuthola i-epiglottitis, i-Hib meningitis, ne-Pneumococcal meningitis, njll.
Imishanguzo ingenye yezimpumelelo ezempilo zomphakathi, kodwa kusadingeka kwenziwe umsebenzi, kufaka phakathi:
- Umgomo wokushisa umkhuhlane wonke
- Umgomo ohlanganisa yonke i- Neisseria meningitidis serogroups kwesibhamu esisodwa
- Ukuthuthukiswa kwemishanguzo emisha engavimbela i-Ebola, i-Zika, i-RSV, i-HIV, ne-Lyme, njll.
- Umuthi wokugoma we-pertussis onika ukuvikelwa okuhlala njalo
- Ukuthola wonke umuntu ogonywe - izingane ezingabantu abangenakuvotelwa kanye nabantu abadala abangabangela ukuqhuma kwezifo ezivimbela ukugoma
Noma kunjalo, ngo-2014, i-CDC ibike ukuthi "ukugonywa kuzokuvimbela izidakamizwa ezingaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-21 kanye nokufa okungu-732,000 phakathi kwezingane ezizalwa eminyakeni engu-20 edlule."
Ukufa Kwezingane
Izinga lokufa kwezinsana, noma inani lokufa kwezinsana kuzo zonke izizukulwane zokuzalwa ezi-1 000, lilokhu liphakeme kancane e-United States kunamanye amazwe asethuthukile.
Yiqiniso, lokhu akusho ngenxa yemigomo, njengoba abanye abantu bephakamisa, kodwa kunalokho ngenxa yokuthi indlela yokufa kwezingane isichazwa ngayo e-United States. Ngokungafani ne-US, amanye amazwe awafaki izingane ezingaphambi kwesikhathi ezinganeni zabo zokufa kwezinsana. Futhi kusukela ukuzalwa kwangaphambi kwesinye isikhathi kungenye yezimbangela eziphezulu kakhulu zokufa kwezinsana e-US, lokho kwenza ukuba kuqhathaniswa namanani angathembeki.
Ezinye izimbangela zokufa kwezinsana e-US zihlanganisa ukukhubazeka kokuzalwa, i-SIDS, izinkinga zomama zokukhulelwa, nokulimala. Ngenhlanhla, izinga lokushona kwabantwana liye lahlehla iminyaka eminingi. Eqinisweni, bafinyelele emazingeni abo aphansi kakhulu ngo-2014.
I-asthma nokuhlukumezeka
Iphesenti lezingane ezine- asthma liye lahlala lizinzile eminyakeni, cishe ngamaphesenti angu-8. Okunye okunamandla, ngamaphesenti amahlanu, yinani lezingane ezinokuhlasela okuyisifo esisodwa noma ngaphezulu ezinyangeni ezingu-12 ezedlule.
Kube khona "umkhuba okhulayo ekukhusheni kwezingane ezake zatholakala ukuthi zine-asthma" kusukela ngo-1997, kodwa leyo mkhuba ishintshiwe kusukela ngo-2011, kanti ukukhula kwehla kuyenzeka eminyakeni yamuva.
Futhi, isilinganiso sesibhedlela esibhedlela sabantu abahlala e-asthma sinqatshiwe kusukela ngo-2000 kuya ku-2010.
Kwezinye izimo zohlobo lwezokwelapha ezinganeni nasezinsheni, kusukela ngo-1997 kuya ku-2011:
- Ukwelashwa kokudla kunyuke kusuka kumaphesenti angu-3.4 kuya ku-5.1%.
- Izifo zesikhumba (eczema) zanda ukusuka ku-7.4% kuya ku-12.5%.
- Izifo zokuphefumula (hay fever) zahlala zingashintshi, ngenani lokusakazeka cishe ngamaphesenti angu-17.
Ucwaningo olusebenzisa idatha evela eSifundweni Sezizwe Zama-Asthma kanye Nezifo Ezibangelwa Ubuntwana Ekubuntwaneni, "Ingabe I-Eczema Impela Eyanda Emhlabeni Wonke?" bathola ukwanda okukhulu emazweni asekuqaleni okusabalala, kodwa futhi bathola ukuthi "isifo se-eczema sibonakala silinganisa noma sinciphisa emazweni athile ngamanani asezingeni eliphezulu ngaphambili."
Impilo yengqondo
Sivame ukuzwa ukuthi izindaba zezempilo yengqondo ziyaqhubeka. Ingabe lokho kuyiqiniso? Ngokwezibalo zakamuva:
- "Amaphesenti angaphezu kwamaphesenti amahlanu ezingane ezineminyaka engama-4-17 abikwa ngumzali ukuthi abe nezinkinga ezinkulu ngezimzwelo, ukuhlushwa, ukuziphatha noma ukukwazi ukuhambisana nabanye abantu," okungaguquguquki kusukela ngo-2001
- Iphesenti lentsha enesiqephu esikhulu se-Major Depression (MDE) ngonyaka odlule yenyuka ukusuka kumaphesenti ayisishiyagalolunye ngo-2004 kuya kuma-11 amaphesenti ngo-2013, kepha "iphesenti yobusha ne MDE ngonyaka odlule ukwemukelwa ukwelashwa, okuchazwe ngokuthi ukubona noma ukukhuluma nodokotela noma omunye ochwepheshe mayelana nesiqephu sokucindezeleka kanye / noma ukusebenzisa imithi yokwelashwa yokucindezeleka ngonyaka odlule, wehla kusuka kumaphesenti angu-40 ngo-2004 kuya kuma-38 amaphesenti ngo-2013 "
- Amanani e-ADHD ezinganeni ayelokhu ekhula kancane kusukela ngo-1997, kusuka kumaphesenti angu-7.8 ngo-2003 kuya kuma-11 amaphesenti ngo-2011, nakuba izinga kanye nokwanda kwezingane ezithatha imithi ye-ADHD yehla kakhulu, okwanda kusuka kumaphesenti angu-4,8 ngo-2007 kuya kuma-6.1% ngo-2011
- Kusukela ekukhuleni kwamanje ngo-1994, izinga lokuzibulala kubafana kanye nabesilisa abadala abasha baqhubeka bekhuphuka kancane kancane kusukela kwamaphuzu abo aphansi ngo-2001 (abesifazane) no-2007 (abesilisa)
I-Autism
Ngenkathi ukusabalalisa kwe-autism kuye kwanda kakhulu e-US, kusukela ku-1 kwabantwana abangu-150 (2000) kuya ku-1 ku-68 (2010), ochwepheshe abacabangi ukuthi kungenxa yokuthi kunezingane ezingaphezu kwe-autistic noma ukuthi kukhona ubhubhane lwe-autism. Esikhundleni salokho, ochwepheshe bacabanga ukuthi "ukulingana kobufakazi kubonisa ukuthi ukudlwengula kutholakala kakhulu kunesifo." Futhi okubalulekile, amanani okugcina we-autism abikwa yi-CDC afana nokuthi ayekugcina - 1 ngo-68.
I-Cancer Cancer
Ungacabanga ukuthi izinga lomdlavuza likhula ngokungalawuleki uma ufunda ngakho konke "ama-toxins akhipha umdlavuza" kwamanye amawebhusayithi.
Ngenhlanhla, izinga lomdlavuza liye lahla ngenxa yezinkinga ezinkulu zegciwane kubantu abadala, kuhlanganise ne-prostate, amaphaphu, ama-colorectal, nomdlavuza womqondo emadodeni, kanye nomdlavuza omncane, ovary, umdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho kwabesifazane.
Ngokufanayo, ezinganeni futhi, ezinganeni eziningi ze-cancer, izibalo zibonisa:
- Ukunciphisa izinga lokufa
- Izinga eliqinile lazo zonke izinhlobo zomdlavuza kusukela ngo-2001
Futhi ngenhlanhla, umdlavuza wezingane ususondele kuma-80% wezinga lokusinda iminyaka emihlanu.
Isifo sikashukela
Ngenkathi ungalindela ukukhuphuka kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo lwe-2 ngokukhushulwa kwengane eminyakeni eminingi, kuye kwaba nokunyuka okumangalisayo kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1.
Ukusuka ngo-2001 kuya ku-2009, izifo zesifo sikashukela se-type 1 zikhuphuke zisuka ku-1.48 ngonyaka ka-1000 kuya ku-1.93 ngonyaka ka-1000. Umkhuba womhlaba wonke, okwenzeka kakhulu eFinland, kungabonakali imbangela yalokhu kwanda.
Izifo ezizimele ngokuzenzakalela
Ngaphezu kwemibandela efana nesifo se-lupus ne-celiac, kunokukhathazeka ukuthi iqembu elisha lezinkinga manje selivela - isifo se-autoimmune esenziwe yi-adjuvants (ASIA).
Kuyini i-ASIA? I-syndrome echazwe ngokungafaniyo efuna ukusola imishanguzo njengesizathu sezifo ezizimele. Kodwa-ke, ochwepheshe "abakholelwa ukuthi ukuhlolwa okusemthethweni."
Kuthiwani ngezinye izifo zangempela ezizimele?
- Izifo ze-Celiac - nakuba ukuqwashisa okuphakeme kuye kwaholela ekwandiseni ukuxilongwa kwesifo se-celiac ezinganeni, kucatshangwa ukuthi "idokhumenti yedatha ye-epidemiological yokwenyuka ukukhula kweqiniso okwenzeka emhlabeni wonke, futhi amazinga aphindwe kabili cishe yonke iminyaka engu-20"
- Thayipha isifo sikashukela soku-1 - ukwanda njengoba kuphawuliwe ngenhla
- I-Lupus (SLE)
- Juvenile dermatomyositis
- Scleroderma
- I-Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA)
Ukungabikho kwezifundo zikazwelonke zezifo zezifo eziningi ezizimele, njenge-JIA ne-SLE, kwenza kube nzima ukwazi kahle ukuthi bahamba kanjani, kodwa kuphephile ukucabanga ukuthi bayanda.
Nakuba singazi ukuthi kungani izifo ezizimele zikhula, siyazi ukuthi iningi lihlanganyela ngokusondelana kobuhlobo bomzimba. Kungenzeka nokuthi izimo zemvelo zingathonya kakhulu lokhu kukhula.
Ngenkathi ukutheleleka kubhekwa ukuthi kuyisisusa kubantu abahlukumezekile, imithi ayikho, ngaphandle kwezimo ezimbalwa ezingavamile, ezifana nokuthuthukisa i-ITP ngemuva kokuthola umgomo wokugoma i-MMR. Kusukela emcabangweni wokuthi ungahlakulela isifo sofuba ngemuva kokuthola ukugonywa kwe-hepatitis B ngemuva kwesifo sikashukela ngemuva kweHib noma omunye umuthi wokugoma, ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi imithi ayibangeli izifo ezizimele.
Ucwaningo luqhubeka lwenziwa ukuze lubheke ukuthi yini engase ibangele lokhu kwanda.
Okunye Okufanele Ukwazi
Ezinye izinto zokwazi ngempilo ejwayelekile yezingane zanamuhla zihlanganisa:
- Nakuba kungashintshi kusukela ngo-2013, eminyakeni engu-78.8, isikhathi sokuphila kwabantu base-US ngo-2014 siye sanda kancane eminyakeni engamashumi amabili edlule.
- Izibhedlela zasehla noma zingashintshi izingane kanye nentsha kusukela ngo-2000 kuya ku-2012 ngezimo eziningi.
- Nakuba izinga lokukhuluphala ngokwezingane landa kakhulu ngemva kweminyaka yama-1980, abantu abaningi bayomangala ukwazi ukuthi bahlala bezinzile kusukela ngo-2003, futhi empeleni baqala ukuyeka izingane ezineminyaka eyishumi nesithupha ubudala.
- Imithethonqubo yabantwana yayingama-7% aphansi ngo-2010 kunokuba ayengama-2002.
- Izinga lokukhulelwa kwentsha lifinyelele irekhodi eliphansi ngo-2013, nakuba liphakeme kunamanye amazwe asethuthukile.
Njengoba izinga lokuphila elikhulayo likhula kancane kancane, izingane namuhla zibonakala zinempilo kunanini ngaphambili. Ngisho nezinye izimo zesifo sezikhuphukile, ezinye eziningi zisehla.
Okubaluleke kakhulu, "amathrendi amangalisayo" abantu abathile abhalayo ngokuqinisekile ayedlula.
Ngeshwa, izingane zethu zinenkinga enkulu enkulu ebhekana nayo, kokubili manje nasesikhathini esizayo esiseduze, kusukela ebudloveni nokuguquka kwesimo sezulu kuze kusongelwa izifo eziphuthumayo .
Akufanele sivumele ukukhathazeka mayelana nokwenza izinsongo, njengama-"toxin" emitholampilo, ukudala izinkinga (ukuvuka kwezifo ezivimbela ukugoma) okuzothatha izinsiza ngaphandle kokudala ikusasa eliphephile nelinempilo yezingane zethu.
Imithombo:
Dabelea, Dana MD, PhD. Ukukhula kohlobo lwe-Type 1 nohlobo lwesifo sikashukela phakathi kwezingane kanye nentsha kusukela ngo-2001 kuya ku-2009. 2014; 311 (17): 1778-1786
I-Federal Interagency Forum mayelana nezibalo zezingane nabomndeni. Izingane ZaseMelika: Izinkomba Zikazwelonke Zempilo Ehle, 2015
Guandalini, Stefano MD Celiac Izifo Isibuyekezo. I-JAMA Pediatr. 2014; 168 (3): 272-278
I-Gupta, R, et al. Ukusabalalisa, Ukukhathazeka Nokusabalalisa Ukudla Okungenwa Kwezingane Ku-United States. Izingane zokwelapha 2011; 10.1542 / ped.2011-0204.
I-Hawkes D. Ukubukeza ukuphendula okubi emithonjeni: Ukuhlolwa okubucayi kwe-Autoimmune Syndrome Okukhishwe yi-Adjuvants (ASIA). J Autoimmun. 2015 Meyi; 59: 77-84.
Jackson KD, Howie LD, Akinbami LJ. Amathrendi ezimweni ezibuhlungu phakathi kwezingane: United States, 1997-2011. I-NCHS imininingwane emfushane, ayikho 121. i-Hyattsville, MD: Isikhungo sikaZwelonke seZempilo zeZempilo. 2013.
I-Murphy SL, i-Kochanek KD, i-Xu JQ, i-Arias E. Ukufa e-United States, ngo-2014. Imininingwane ye-NCHS emfushane, ayikho 229. I-Hyattsville, MD: Isikhungo Sikazwelonke sezeMpilo. 2015.
Ukunikezwa kwe-PA, Hackett CJ. Ukukhuluma ngokukhathazeka kwabazali: ingabe imishanguzo ibangela izifo ezithathelwanayo noma ezizimele? Izingane zokwelapha 2003; 111: 653-9.
Siegel, David A. Cancer Incidence Amanani kanye Amathrendi Phakathi kwezingane kanye nentsha e-United States, 2001-2009. I-PEDIATRICS Umqulu 134, Inombolo 4, Okthoba 2014.
Sullivan, Erin M. MPH. Izindlela zokuzibulala phakathi kwabantu abaneminyaka eyi-10-24-United States, 1994-2012. I-MMWR. Mashi 6, 2015/64 (08); 201-205