Abacwaningi e-US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) bakhipha iziphumo ezibonisa ukuthi abesifazane baseMelika-ikakhulukazi labo abane- iodine ephansi yokudla-basengozini yokuxoshwa kwe-hypothyroidism ngenxa yokuvezwa okuvamile kwiphilisi ye-toxin.
Sekuyiminyaka, kube khona ukukhathazeka mayelana nomphumela we-perchlorate kwi-thyroid. Le ndaba iphikisana nalokho, njengabaqondisi bakahulumeni, amaqembu ezemvelo, izinkampani ezimele izakhamuzi, ezempi, nezokuvikela ezibhekene nokungcola ziye zabuyela emuva nangemiphumela yempilo yangempela, imihlahlandlela yamazinga okuphepha, nokuthi yikuphi ukuchithwa kwemikhiqizo etholakalayo ukudla kanye namanzi ethu.
Esinye isifundo, i-National Academy of Sciences panel yavuma ukuthi i-perchlorate iyathinteka ikhono le-thyroid lokuthola i-iodine, kodwa ukuthi imiphumela iyokwenzeka kuphela ngokuvezwa kwamazinga aphakeme okugaya i-perchlorate. Lolu cwaningo lwe-CDC, kodwa lubonisa ukuthi akuyona kuphela ukubonakala kwezinto ezibonakalayo, kodwa, ngokokuqala ngqá, kubonise ukuthi ngisho namazinga aphansi okuvezwa kwe-perchlorate (amazinga avamile kubantu abaningi baseMelika) angaba nemiphumela emibi empilweni yegciwane.
I-Perchlorate iyinhlangano yokukhiqizwa kwamafutha e-rocket okutholakale ukuthi yonakalisa izingxenye zokuhlinzeka kwamanzi okuphuza, kanye nezithelo, imifino kanye nezinhlamvu eziphuziswa ngamanzi ahlanzekile, kanye nobisi nemikhiqizo yobisi ezivela ezinkomeni ezidla utshani obungcotshiwe. Kungavimbela ikhono le-thyroid ukuthi lithathe i-iodine egazini.
I-iodine yisakhiwo sokwakha i-hormone yegciwane. Amazinga we-iodine aphansi, kanye / noma ukungakwazi ukugaya i-iodine kungavimbela i-thyroid ukuthi ingakhiqiza i-hormone ye-thyroid eyanele, okubangelwa i-thyroid engasebenzi, noma i-hypothyroidism.
I-Hypothyroidism ingabangela ukutholakala kwesisindo, ukukhathala, ukucindezeleka, ukungaboni, ukukhulelwa kwesisu, futhi kubhekwe njengengozi yesifo senhliziyo. Amantombazane omama aphethwe yi-hypothyroid ayengozini enkulu yokwenza izinkinga ezingqondweni nokuthuthukiswa, noma, ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, i-cretinism nokukhubazeka kokuzalwa.
Ucwaningo lwe-CDC lwalubheke amadoda nabesifazane abangu-2,299, abaneminyaka engu-12 nangaphezulu, ababambe iqhaza komunye wabo woMnyango wezeMpilo kaZwelonke kanye neNutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).
Bahlolisisa i-perchlorate concentrations emcinini, kanye namahomoni wegciwane thyroxine (T4) ne-hormone ye-thyroid-stimulating (TSH) egazini. Lokho abacwaningi abathola ukuthi ukutholakala kwe-perchlorate kwaba ukubikezela kwamazinga we-hormone yegciwane kubesifazane, kodwa hhayi amadoda.
Abacwaningi base begxila kubesifazane abanamazinga aphezulu-iodine ngokuhambisana neqembu eliphansi le-iodine. Kwabesifazane abanamazinga aphezulu-iodine, bathola uxhumano oluncane phakathi kwamazinga we-perchlorate ne-TSH. Kodwa kulaba besifazane abancani-iodine, kwakukhona uxhumano oluqinile phakathi kwamazinga we-perchlorate ne-TSH ephakeme ne-T4 ephansi, okubonisa ukuthi i-hypothyroidism.
Abesifazane abakhulelwe basengozini enkulu ngoba ukukhulelwa kakade kubeka umsebenzi we -roid, futhi umsebenzi owanele we-thyroid udingekile ukugcina ukukhulelwa kanye nokugwema izinkinga ezingqondweni noma zokuthuthukiswa kwengane. Abesifazane asebevele benesifo se-hypothyroid nabo basengozini enkulu ngoba imiphumela ye-perchlorate ingase ibe yingozi kakhulu kune-hypothyroidism yabo ekhona.
Ngokusho kweCDC:
Amaphesenti angamashumi amathathu nesithupha kwabesifazane base-US anamazinga e-urinary iodine angaphansi kuka-100 μg / L, okuyinto engezansi yezinga le-iodine elisetshenziselwa ukutadisha. Ukubheka labo abanamazinga aphansi e-iodine, kanye nabesifazane abakhulelwe, nalabo abanomkhawulo we-hypothyroid we-borderline, i-Environmental Working Group iqedile ukuthi abesifazane abangaba yizigidi ezingama-44 baseMelika basengozini enkulu ekuvezweni kwe-perchlorate.
Ingozi Yokushisa Ngakanani Ingozi?
Ngokusho kwe-CDC, izinga le-medium of perchlorate elithola emcimbini laliyi-2.9 micrograms ngelitha ngalinye (i-microgram ngayinye ilitha ilingana nengxenye eyodwa kubhiliyoni). Ngokukhipha isilinganiso somchamo cishe ngamalitha angu-1 ngosuku, lokhu kuhumusha cishe amahlanu micrograms of perchlorate ngosuku. Ngisho kulelizinga eliphansi, kube nemiphumela emibi ebonwe kwi-thyroid. Nokho, izinga le-"dose eliphephile" lombuso, cishe izikhathi ezingu-10 le dose.
Ngokusho kwe-Environmental Working Group, i-CDC ithola ukuthi amazinga okugcoba ngamanzi aphansi njengezingxenye ezintathu ezigidini eziyizinkulungwane eziyizinkulungwane (ppb) -think of one isipuni samanzi epulazini lokubhukuda elise-Olimpiki-angenza umthelela empilweni yabesifazane.
Yini Ongayenza?
Ngeshwa, ezingeni lomthengi, kunzima kakhulu ukugwema ukuchithwa kwemithi, njengoba kuyenzeka kakhulu ekudleni nasekunikezeni amanzi. Ngokwesibonelo:
- Isifundo esisodwa se-Environmental Working Group (EWG) sithole ukuchithwa kwezingxenye ezingaphezu kwengxenye yazo zonke amasampula we-lettuce ebusika esitolo
- Esinye isifundo se-EWG sitholile i-perchlorate kuma-sampula angu-31 kwangu-32 wobisi eCalifornia
- UMnyango Wezokudla Nezolimo waseCalifornia wathola i-perchlorate emasampheni angama-32 angama-32 kwamabisi
- Ngokwezivivinyo ezenziwa ngaphansi komthetho we-EPA's Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule, okungenani izinhlelo ezingu-160 zomphakathi zomphakathi emazweni angu-22 zonakaliswe nge-perchlorate
- I-Perchlorate ingatholakala emkhiqizweni wezilwane ezifuywayo kanye namazwe angenayo, amazinga aphakeme kakhulu abonakala njalo kuma-oranges, amagilebhisi, ama-raspberries, ama-apricot, amakhabe, i-ulethisi, utamatisi, i-basil, i-kale, isipinashi, ne-asparagus.
- Ngokuvamile, ngokwe-CDC, amaphesenti angu-69 angu-1,090 ama-sampuli okudla nokuphuza ahlolwe ayenziwa ngokubonakala kwe-perchlorate.
Ngokusho kwe-CDC, lokhu kuvezwa okubanzi emanzini nokudla kwethu kusho ukuthi i-American evamile inesilinganiso sokujikeleza sezingxenye eziyisihlanu nengxenye ngesigidi sezigidigidi.
Ukusiza ukuvikela i-thyroid yakho, ungaqiniseka ukuthi awunamunye wabesifazane abayisishiyagalolunye kwabangu-10 abanesifo se-iodine. I-multivitamin enhle yansuku zonke ene-iodine ingaqiniseka ukuthi uthola iodine oyidingayo. Kodwa, gcina engqondweni, uma ungomunye wabantu abangenayo i-iodine engekho, iodine ngokweqile ingathuthukisa futhi ibe yimbi nakakhulu imithi ye-hypothyroidism nezimo ze-thyroid.
Lokhu futhi kuyinkinga ebiza isenzo sesakhamuzi. Isibonelo, ezingeni likazwelonke, akusikho izinga lokuphuza amanzi e-perchlorate. Ukuphela kokubheka kukazwelonke kuyisiqondiso se-FDA esikisela ukuhlanzwa kwenzelwe ezingeni lika-24.5 ppb. Ikomidi lezokugqugquzela ezempilo elibhekele ezempilo zezingane liye lagxeka kakhulu le nqubo, kodwa, isixwayiso sokuthi kungabangela ukuchayeka okubangelwa ingozi ye-neurodevelopmental ezinganeni nasezingane ezincane.
Ezingeni likahulumeni, izwe elilodwa kuphela elinamanzi okuphuza okwenziwa njengamanje nge-perchlorate yiMassachusetts, ebeka izinga labo ezingxenyeni ezimbili ngezigidigidi ngoJulayi 2006. Ngo-Okthoba 2006, eCalifornia naseNew Jersey babecabanga ngezinga lama-ppb ayisithupha nama-ppb amahlanu .
Thintana nabamengameli bakho bezwe futhi ubafake ukuba bathathe izindinganiso ezinamandla ze-perchlorate zokuhlinzeka kwamanzi wombuso wakho. Futhi ukhuthaze abameli bakho bombuso ukuba benze isimiso sikazwelonke. I-EWG isincoma ukuthi uhulumeni wesifundazwe usethe izinga lokuphuza amanzi angaphezu kuka-0.1 izingxenye eziyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane zezigidi ze-perchlorate.
Futhi, khuthaza izishayamthetho zombuso ukuba zenze ukuhlanzwa kwezinto ezenziwe ngamatshe ezitsheni ezingcolile nezitshalo ze-aerospace. Ukuhlanzwa okusemthethweni kwezindawo zokungcola ezikhona kanye nokulungiswa kwemithombo yamanzi engcolile yizo kuphela izindlela zokunciphisa ukuvezwa kwe-perchlorate.
U-Renee Sharp, umhlaziyi we-EWG oye wahlola le makhemikhali, wachaza wathi:
I-Pentagon kanye nezinkontileka zokuzivikela, ezinomthwalo wemisebenzi eminingi yamanzi okuphuza, ziye zazingela ngokumelene nezindinganiso zikahulumeni, zithi ukuchithwa akuzange kube yingozi kubantu abadala abanempilo. Lolu cwaningo olusha lubonisa ukuthi ngisho namazinga amancane kakhulu okugcoba ngamanzi noma ukudla angaba nemiphumela emanga kumazinga wegciwane kwabesifazane. Asikwazi ukungazinaki le nkinga enkulu yezempilo yomphakathi.
> Imithombo:
> Blount, Benjamin C. et. al. "Izindlela Zempilo Yemvelo: I-Perchlorate yase-Urinary namaHormone e-Thyroid e-Adolescent and Men Adult Abesifazane abahlala e-United States," I-Environmental Health Perspectives Branch (EHPB), i-National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, i-National Institutes of Health, uMnyango wezeMpilo wase-United States Imisebenzi Yabantu, Ishicilelwe ngo-Okthoba 5, 2006, ku- intanethi
> "Abesifazane abayizigidi ezingama-44 abasengozini ye-Thyroid kusuka e-Rocket Fuel Chemical," Environmental Working Group Press Release.
> Ukuhlaziywa Kweqembu Lokusebenza Kwezemvelo