Lapho izakhiwo zenza abantu bahlale begula
Igama elithi "isakhiwo sokwelapha abagulayo" lisihlukumezi. Phela, akusilo isakhiwo esiyagulayo, kepha kunabantu abahlala begula ngenxa yesakhiwo.
Mayelana neSBS, kunemibuzo eminingi kunezimpendulo. Kunzima kakhulu ukuhlola i-SBS ekuhlolweni. Okokuqala, imiphumela engokwemvelo ye-SBS iyahlukahluka kusuka komunye umuntu kuya komuntu futhi iyingqayizivele.
Okwesibili, kunzima ukuphoqa imbangela ye-SBS-ukumisa amakhemikhali, ukumiswa kwamakhemikhali, nokungena ngokwanele kwe-ventilation konke okufakiwe. Okwesithathu, akukho ndlela evumelwaneni-yokuthola "isifo" isakhiwo. Okwesine, izakhiwo ngokwazo, ngokwemvelo, izindawo ezingalawulwayo ezilukhuni futhi ezibiza kakhulu ukuhlola eziningi.
Izimpawu
Kuye kwabikwa nge-SBS izimpawu ezihlukahlukene ze-mucosal, isikhumba, nokuphefumula, kuhlanganise okulandelayo:
- Amehlo anamehlo namanzi
- Iphutha le-Runny
- Isikhumba esomile nesicwebezelayo
- Ikhala le-Stuffy
- Ukutheleleka kweSinus
- Isizungu
- Izinsolo (ukungcola, ukungaboni, ukungahambi kahle, "ukucindezela" ekhanda)
- I-nausea
- Ukukhathala
- Izinkinga ngokuhlushwa
- Isikhukhula
Lezi zimpawu zenzeka ngesikhathi umuntu esesakhiweni esibuhlungu, futhi lapho eshiya, iningi lalezi zimpawu kufanele lihoxise, kuphela ukuqala futhi uma umuntu ebuyela esakhiweni. Izakhiwo ezenza i-SBS zibandakanye izindawo zokusebenza, izikole, izibhedlela, izindlu zokunakekelwa kanye nemakhaya.
Nakuba abantu ababili abavelele esakhiweni esifanayo bangathola izimpawu ezihlukile, ukuhlola kuye kwabonisa amaphethini empawu phakathi kwabaphenduli abamelela amazwe amaningana ahlukene.
Ngokuphawulekayo, izindlu njengesizathu esiyinhloko se-SBS sezifundwe eSweden. Ngokuqondile, abacwaningi baseSweden baye bagxila emonakalweni yamanzi kanye nokuphuza umoya njengama-precipitators. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izifundo zaseSweden zibuye zatshengise ukugxila ekhaya njengendlela engasiza ngayo ekwakheni isifo sokugula.
Nazi izici ezihlobene ne-SBS:
- Umusi wocingo
- Uthuli lwephepha
- I-Office uthuli
- Ukuvezwa kwezikrini zekhompyutha
- Umshini ongenisa umoya
- I-cool air-cool air in izakhiwo zomoya
- Ukulawula okuncane kokukhanyisa nokushisa
- Izindawo ezifudumele (ezingaphezu kuka-73 degrees Fahrenheit)
- Ukunakekelwa kokunakekelwa kwemisebenzi yesakhiwo
- Ukulimala kwamanzi
- Ukufakwa
- Izindawo ezingcolile
Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi abesifazane, ababhemayo, nalabo abanesifo somzimba (ie, atopy) banamathuba amaningi okuzwa i-SBS. Abantu abanezikhundla ezingaphezulu ezikhundleni eziphezulu ezikhundleni zehhovisi basehhovisi nabo banamathuba amaningi okuzwa i-SBS. Okuphawulayo, abantu abanezikhundla ezengeziwe ezikhundleni ehhovisi ngokuvamile bachitha isikhathi esiningi behlezi phambi kwamakhompyutha.
Abantu abakhononda nge-SBS bavame ukusebenza emahhovisi afanele ukuhlangabezana namazinga amanje wokuklama, ukushisa, ukuphumula umoya nokukhanyisa. Ngokuyinhloko, izakhiwo ezivuthiwe zomoya ezinomkhawulo wokulawula okushisa ziye zaboniswa ukuthi zinabantu abambalwa abahlala bekhalaza nge-SBS.
Izinhlangano ze-Occupational Health and Safety (OSHA) zihlonipha isifo sokwakhiwa kwesiguli njengoba sibhekene nekhwalithi yomoya engaphakathi empofu.
I- Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) ichaza i-SBS njengokulandelayo:
Igama elithi "sick illness syndrome" (SBS) lisetshenziselwa ukuchaza izimo lapho izakhiwo ezakhiwa khona zihlangabezana nemiphumela enempilo nokududuza okubonakala sengathi ihlotshaniswa nesikhathi esichithwa esakhiweni, kodwa akukho ukugula noma imbangela ethile engabonakala. Izikhalazo zingenziwa endaweni ethile noma endaweni ethile, noma zingase zisakazeke kulo lonke isakhiwo.
Ngo-1984, i-WHO ilinganisela ukuthi emhlabeni wonke amaphesenti angaba ngu-30 ezakhiweni zakhiwo ezintsha nezalungiswa zingase zibe nekhwalithi yomoya engaphakathi empofu engenawo ama- SBS. Izinkinga ngekhwalithi yomoya wangaphakathi ingaba yesikhashana noma yesikhathi eside. Ikhwalithi yomoya yangaphakathi engalungile ingaba yesikhashana kumklamo wokwakha ompofu noma imisebenzi yabahlali. Ukwengeza, uma isakhiwo sisetshenzisiwe ngendlela ephikisana nomklamo wangempela-njengesibonelo, iyunithi yokuthengisa esetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza-ke izinkinga ngekhwalithi yomoya yangaphakathi zingase ziphakame.
Umswakama
Ukungcola kuye kwacutshungulwa njengengxenye enkulu ye-SBS. Ezimweni ezishisayo, umswakama omkhulu wangaphakathi uye waxhunyaniswa ne-SBS.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa kwama-humidifiers ezindaweni ezifudumele, ezinamanzi kuye kwaxhunyaniswa ne-SBS. E-Scandinavia, lapho umswakama ungadonsa ngezansi ngamaphesenti angu-10 ezinyangeni zasebusika, kukhona ubufakazi bokuthi ukusebenzisa i-humidifier kungaxhunyaniswa nokusabalalisa okuphansi kwe-SBS. Ngakho-ke, kubonakala sengathi ezindaweni ezinamazinga omswakama, abahlali bavame ukukhalaza kancane nge-SBS.
Abanye ochwepheshe bacabanga ukuthi ama-air conditioning units aqukethe ama-humidifiers angasebenza njengamanzi okukhula kwe-microbial. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izinqolobane ezisezinduneni, ezidonsa amanzi emoyeni, nazo zithintekile ekukhuleni kwamagciwane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-air conditioning unit units ngokuvamile ahlala endaweni engaphansi kwehhovisi lapho kunakekelwa khona ukugcinwa kwesondlo-okunye okufaka isandla engozini ye-SBS yesibili ekukhuleni kwamagciwane.
Kodwa-ke, umqondo wokuthi amabhaktheriya noma isikhunta singangenelela ngandlela-thile ku-SBS inxabano. Abanye ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi isikhunta singabangela ukutheleleka kwesistimu kuphela kubantu abanamasosha omzimba athintekile. Kubantu abangenempilo enhle, isikhunta ngeke kubangele ukugula.
Ku-athikili ka-2017 okuthiwa "iMold and Health Health: i-Check Real," abakwaBarkers nabalobi ababambisene nabo babhala ukuthi "abukho ubufakazi besayensi bokuthi ukuvezwa kwesikhunta esimnyama esibonakalayo ezindlini nasezindlini kungabangela izimpawu ezingacacile nezingezansi zokulahlekelwa inkumbulo , ukuhluleka ukugxila, ukukhathala, nokukhanda ikhanda. "
Kwesinye isifundo se-2017, abacwaningi baseSweden bathola ukuthi amaphesenti angu-40 emindeni eyodwa-yomndeni yayinomonakalo wamanzi kwisisekelo, esasihlanganiswa ne-SBS. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amaphesenti angama-23 abaphenduli bezinhlolovo babika izimpawu zamuva ze-SBS.
Ngokuthakazelisayo, abacwaningi baseSweden bathola ukuthi izakhiwo ezinenani eliphansi lokudlulisela ezishisayo-noma izakhiwo ezisebenza kahle-zinezisebenzi ezimbalwa ezazikhalaza izimpawu ze-SBS. Ngokuvamile, kuye kwaphakanyiswa ukuthi ukwakhiwa kwamandla okwenza amandla kungabangela izinga elingaphansi lomoya wangaphakathi.
Ukuphumula
Ochwepheshe abaningi basola i-SBS kumgangatho ompofu womoya wangaphakathi kanye ne-ventilation enganele.
Phakathi kuka-1900 no-1950, izindinganiso zokungenisa umoya ezakhiweni ezibizwa ngamamitha ayi-cubic angama-air ngaphandle komzuzu zinikezwe kwisakhiwo ngasinye. Lezinga eliphakeme lokuphuza umoya ladingeka ukuthi kususwe iphunga lomzimba kanye nephunga elimnandi.
Ekupheleni kuka-1973 i-embargo yamafutha, izinyathelo zokulondolozwa kwamandla zathathwa, futhi ukugcina amandla, kuphela ama-cubic 5 ama-cubic air ngaphandle ngomzuzu ngamunye okwakhiwe kuyo kwakhiwe. Kucatshangelwa ukuthi la mazinga okunciphisa amafutha angenampilo futhi angenzi kahle abantu. Le nkinga yahlanganiswa yizinhlelo zokufudumala kwemoya nokushisa, okwakwazi ukusabalalisa umoya omusha kubantu abangaphakathi kwezakhiwo eziningi ezisebenza ngamandla.
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ochwepheshe baphinde bancoma ukuthi amazinga aphakeme emoyeni wokungenisa umoya ahlinzekwe kwabakhileyo ukwakha. Isibonelo, abahlali behhovisi kufanele bathole ubuncane obungamamitha ayi-cubic angu-20 emoyeni wangaphandle ngomzuzu ngamunye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amamitha ayi-cubic angu-15 ngomzuzu we-ventilation kubhekwa njengenani eliphansi kuzozonke izakhiwo, ezinendawo ezithile, ezifana nezindawo zokubhema zasendlini, ezidinga ngamamitha ayi-cubic angu-60 ngomzuzu.
Kucatshangelwa ukuthi amazinga aphakeme emoyeni umoya anganciphisa ingozi yezimpawu ze-SBS. Imiphumela evela ekuhloleni ucwaningo le-hypothesis, noma kunjalo, ixutshwe. Ucwaningo oluthile lubonise ukuthi izinga lokuvuthwa kwe-ventilation linciphisa izimpawu ze-SBS phakathi kwabasebenzi basehhovisi, kanti nezinye izifundo azibonanga ushintsho.
Inkinga eyodwa ngokuhlolwa okuningi kwangaphambilini okuhlola umphumela wokwanda kwe-ventilation ekukhuleni kwe-SBS yukuthi lezi zifundo zasebenzisa ama unit air conditioning asevele ekhona ezakhiweni ukwandisa umoya. Ama unit air conditioning angangcoliswa ngaleyo ndlela ephazamisa imiphumela.
Ucwaningo lwamuva luveza ukuthi cishe uhhafu womoya esakhiweni kufanele kuhanjiswe ngehora ukunciphisa izimpawu ze-SBS. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amayunithi okuphuza umoya kufanele agcinwe njalo futhi anciphise izingcindezi ezingezansi ezikhungethe izakhiwo zokuvimbela ukungcola okulimazayo ukungena ekwakheni.
Ukwelapha
Isifo sokwakhiwa kwezifo asiqashelwa ngokomzimba njengesifo sokuxilongwa okusekelwe ebufakazini; ngakho-ke, alukho ukwelashwa okusekelwe ebufakazini. Noma kunjalo, kubhekwa njengesimo se-OSHA, i-EPA, nezinye izinhlangano. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-NHS, noma isimiso sezempilo sikazwelonke e-United Kingdom, senza izincomo ezithile mayelana nendlela yokubhekana nesifo sokwakhiwa kweziguli.
Nazi ezinye izincomo ezenziwe izinhlangano ezihlukahlukene mayelana neSBS:
- Lawula amazinga okushisa nama-humidity.
- Hlola ukuhlanzeka kwesakhiwo.
- Hlola ukuthi izinto zokuhlanza ziphephile futhi zilondolozwe kahle.
- Hlola wonke ama-humidifiers emoyeni, izihlungi zomoya, nemibhoshongo yokupholisa.
- Vula amawindi ukuze uqinisekise umoya.
- Thatha ama-break breaks njalo.
- Hamba ngaphandle futhi uhambe nxazonke ngesikhathi sokuphumula.
- Gcina ukuhleleka okuhle emsebenzini.
Ukwelashwa okusobala kwe-sick building syndrome ukugwema isakhiwo esonakele ngokuphelele. Kodwa-ke, ngoba abantu abaningi badinga imisebenzi yabo-kanye nemibhede yabo-lesi sixazululo ngokuvamile ayinakwenzeka.
Izwi elivela
Nakuba kube khona ukugula kwesifo sokugula ngokuvamile kuvame ukungabaza, abantu abanele baye bakhononda ngezinkinga ezihlobene nokwakha nezimpawu ukuthi kunzima ukungazinaki iqiniso lokuthi kukhona okwenzekayo.
Njengamanje, ngoba asazi kahle ukuthi yini ebangela ukugula kwesifo sokugula, kunzima ukulungisa inkinga. Ochwepheshe abaningi bakhomba umoya wokuphuza umoya njengesizathu; Ngakho-ke, kuwumqondo omuhle ukuqinisekisa ukuthi zonke izakhiwo zanele ngokomoya. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungenzeka ukuthi umswakama udlala indima, futhi izindawo akufanele zibe mnandi kakhulu noma zome kakhulu. Ukwengeza, uma uhlala esimweni esivele sinomswakama, kungcono ukugwema ukusebenzisa i-humidifier.
Odokotela abaningi baqeda ukwakhiwa kwesifo sokugula njengesikhalazo esincane. Isifo sokwakhiwa kwezifo ngokuvamile sibhekwa njenge-pseudodiagnosis, ngezibonakaliso ezingenasimo futhi kungekho izimpawu zomgomo noma izimpawu eziphilayo.
Uma amaphesenti angaphezu kwezingu-20 ezakhiweni zesakhiwo abhekana nezimpawu ze-SBS, isakhiwo sibhalwe ngokuthi "isakhiwo sokugula." Uma usola ukuthi usebenza esakhiweni esigulayo, kuwumqondo omuhle ukukhuluma nabanye abahlali ukuze ubone ukuthi banezibonakaliso , futhi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bhala izinto ozikhathazayo (okungukuthi, thatha izithombe zokulimala kwamanzi nezindawo ezingahlanzekile) kanye nokuphathwa kwendlela. Ngenxa yokuthi izakhiwo ezigulayo zivame ukufaka ikhodi, abaphathi banganqabela lokhu okukhathazayo. Kulezi zimo, kungaba umqondo omuhle ukuxhumana no-OSHA noma i-EPA yokuphenywa kwekhwalithi yomoya.
Ngaphezu kokubiza ukunakekelwa kwenkinga, kuwumqondo omuhle ukuzivikela ngenkathi usebenza esakhiweni esigulayo. Ukuze unciphise izimpawu, kufanele uzame ukuthola umoya omningi futhi wenze konke okusemandleni akho ukuze ugcine indawo ehlanzekile futhi unciphise isikhathi sesikrini, esixhunywe ne-SBS. Ngenxa yokuthi kune-overlap enkulu phakathi kwe-syndrome ne-sick building syndrome, mhlawumbe umqondo omuhle ukwenza i-aphoyintimenti ukuze ubone i-allergen ukuze uthole ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe.
> Imithombo:
> Borchers, AT, Chang, C, Gershwin, EM. Isibungu Nezempilo Yomuntu: Ukuhlola Kweqiniso. Umtholampilo Rev Allerg Immunol. 2017; 52: 305-322.
> Burge, PS. I-Sick Building Syndrome. Imithi Yokusebenza Nezemvelo. 2004; 61: 185-190.
> EPA. I-Indoor Air Facts No. 4 (ebuyekeziwe) Isifo Sokukhulelwa Sick. www. epa.gov.
> Izinketho ze-NHS. I-Sick Building Syndrome. www.nhs.uk.
> Smedje, G, et al. Izimpawu ze-SBS maqondana nokumanzi nokuvuthwa kwemimoya ezindlini ezingabodwa zomndeni eSweden. I-Archives International ye-Occupational and Environmental Health. NgoJuni 17, 2017.