Ukutheleleka kwe-sinus, okubizwa ngokuthi i-sinusitis, ukuvuvukala kwamagxolo emoyeni emathanjeni azungeze ekhaleni lakho nasamehlo akho. Lapho amasayithi okugeleza amasinki evinjiwe, agcwalisa i-mucus futhi ungazwa ubuhlungu nokucindezelwa. Ukutheleleka okunamandla kwe-sinus kuvame ukuqala ngokuvuvukala emithonjeni ye-allergies noma ukutheleleka ngegciwane (njengokubanda) futhi ngezinye izikhathi kuhlakulele ukutheleleka kwebhaktheriya.
Izifo zesifo esingapheli ngokuvamile zibangelwa ukuvuvukala okuqhubekayo. Ukungahleleki kwezakhiwo ezingasini kungabangela ukuba sinusitis engapheli noma ephindaphindiwe. Izifo zesifo se-fungal nazo zibonwa, ikakhulukazi kubantu abanezifo ezizivikela phansi ezibuthakathaka.
I-Sinuses
I-sinus yizinsiza ezingenalutho emathanjeni azungeze amehlo akho, impumulo, izihlathi, nekhanda. Zihlanganisa ama-frontal, ama-maxillary, ama-sphenoid, nama-sinus sinuses. I-sinus ihlanganiswe nezibungu ezinomuthi ezivame ukhiqiza uketshezi (mucus) okusiza ukugibela noma yikuphi ukubola. Amaseli e-hair cilia afana nezinwele afaka izinambuzane futhi ahlasele emcimbini, ngokuvamile evame ukungena emagqumeni angasese futhi agwinyeke lonke usuku.
Kodwa-ke, lapho amasayithi okugeleza wezono evinjelwe, izoni azikwazi ukukhipha futhi ukutheleleka kungakhula. I-mucus ngesikhathi sokutheleleka iyancipha ngamaseli avuthayo kanye nezinguquko kusuka emanzini kuya kulukhuni futhi zicacile zibe ziphuzi noma ziluhlaza.
Izimpawu
Izifo ze-Sinus zingahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezihlukene ngokususelwa isikhathi eside kangakanani ukutheleleka okuye kwaqhubeka.
With sinusitis acute , izimpawu zikhona amasonto angaphansi kwamane. I-sinbaitis sinusitis ibonisa izimpawu ezikhona ezingaphezu kwamane kodwa zingaphansi kwamasonto angu-12.
Izimpawu ezivame ukuhlotshaniswa ne-acute and subacute sinusitis zihlanganisa:
- Ubuhlungu obusweni nokucindezela phezu kwesinasi esithintekayo
- Ukungqubuzana kwe-nasal
- Ukukhishwa kwama-coloral
- Nciphisa iphunga futhi uthande ukunzwa
- Fever
- Izinwele
- Ukuphefumula okubi / ukunambitheka okubi
- Ukukhathala
- Isikhukhula
- Ubuhlungu bezinyo
- Ukucindezeleka kwendlebe / ubuhlungu
Ukutheleleka kwesifo se-sinus kufinyelela ekuthuthukiseni usuku ngalunye oludlulayo (nangaphandle kokwelapha). Ukutheleleka kwesifo se-bacterial sinus, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kucatshangwa uma izimpawu zakho zidlula izinsuku eziyi-10 ezedlule, ziba zimbi nakakhulu emva kokuphucula, noma zikhulu.
Ukutheleleka okunamandla okubangelwa i-fungal kuyinto engavamile eyenzeka kubantu abane-system immune ecindezelwe kakhulu. Izimpawu ziqala ngomkhuhlane, ukukhwehlela, ukuphuza, nokukhanda ikhanda. Ngokushesha bathuthukisa izimpawu zeso (ukuvuvukala, izinguquko zombono) kanye nezimpawu zokuzibandakanya kobuchopho.
Uthola ukuthi une- sinusitis engavamile uma izimpawu zakho zikhona amasonto angu-12 noma ngaphezulu.
Izimpawu ze-sinusitis ezingapheli zingaba mnene futhi kufanele zibe okungenani ezimbili zazo:
- Ukungqubuzana kwe-nasal
- Ukudonsa ngemuva noma ikhala eligijima nge-mucus
- Ubuhlungu noma ukucindezeleka ebusweni
- Umqondo owehla wephunga nokunambitha
- Ukukhwehlela okungapheli (ezinganeni)
Uma i-sinusitis engapheli ingenxa ye-sinusitis ye-fungal engeyona engavamile, kunezimpawu ezimbalwa, okungase zihlanganise kuphela umuzwa wokugcwala, ukucindezelwa kwesono, nokunye okukhipha.
I-sinusitis ye-fungal engapheli ingabonakali ibonakala kakhulu ezigulini ezingenakuqhathaniswa futhi ibonisa izimpawu ezijwayelekile ze-sinusitis engapheli isikhathi eside, kodwa ingaba nezibonakaliso ezinzulu zokunciphisa umbono nokungahambi kweso njengoba ukutheleleka kuyaqhubeka.
Ucatshangwa ukuthi une- sinusitis ephindaphindiwe uma unesifo sesine noma ngaphezulu kwesine ngonyaka. Lezi zifo ze-sinus zinezimpawu ezijwayelekile ze-sinusitis enzima nokuxazulula phakathi kweziqephu.
Izinkinga zesifo se-sinus zivamile, kodwa kungenzeka ukuthi ukutheleleka kusakaze emaqenjini azungeze amehlo, i-skull, noma ubuchopho. Bheka udokotela wakho ngokushesha uma unempawu ezinjengomkhuhlane ophezulu, ukuvuvukala eduze kwamehlo noma ebunzini, ukudideka, ikhanda elibi noma ukushintsha kombono.
Izimbangela
Kuyini empandeni yesifo sakho se-sinus kuxhomeke kunomusa onakho.
Izifo ezithathelanayo noma ze-Subacute Sinus
Ukutheleleka kwesifo esiyingozi noma se-subacute kuqala ngokuvuvukala kwezingxenye zomzimba ngenxa yokucasula, ukungezwani komzimba, noma ukutheleleka, njengokushisa okuvamile. Ukuvimbela ukukhungelwa kwamasayithi okugeleza kwezoni kuyona okuholela ekuthuthukiseni ukutheleleka ngokwayo.
Izifo ezithathelwanayo ezingapheli noma ezivamile
I-sinusitis engapheli noma ephindaphindiwe ivame ukubangelwa ukuvuvukala okuqhubekayo kunokutheleleka. Kungathuthukiswa ngenxa ye-rhinitis ye-allergen , i- allergy fungal, isifo se-aspirin-esiphezulu sokuphefumula (i-AERD), ukuvezwa kwezimpumputhe (njengokubhema ugwayi), noma izifo ezithinta igciwane.
Ezinye izimbangela zezifo ezingapheli noma eziphindaphindiwe zesinus zihlanganisa ukungahleleki kwesakhiwo ngaphakathi kwezingxenye zomzimba nezisono, njenge-septum ephukile (isakhiwo esihlukanisa imigqa emibili emaceleni); adenoids ekhulisiwe; ama-turbinates avuliwe (izakhiwo ezifudumala emoyeni ekhaleni lakho); ama-polyp nasal; kanye nezinye izinto ezingavamile ezingavimbela izoni ukuba zingadli.
Izifo ze-Fungal Sinus
Ukutheleleka kwesifo se-fungal kungakhula njengebhola elingenabhubhisi noma njengesifo esithathelwanayo sofungalokungaphazamisa izakhiwo eziseduze. Ibhola le-fungal lingase likhule lapho amangqamuzana afile kanye nezidumbu zokuvuvukala noma ukulimala eziqongelela kwisinus kanye nefungus evame ukuvela emoyeni ziqala ukukhula. Lokhu kungabangela ukucasuka okuqhubekayo nokuvuvukala. Izifo ezithathelwanayo zefungula zivame kakhulu kubantu abanamasosha omzimba angakhubazekile. Izinhlobo ze-fungus ezitholakalayo zikhona emoyeni kepha ngokuvamile azihlasela emzimbeni. Ziyakwazi ukukhula kuphela uma izivikeli zomzimba zomzimba ziphansi kakhulu.
Izingozi Ezivamile Zengozi
Ukuba ne-rhinitis ye-allergerm noma ukutheleleka okuphezulu kokuphefumula kuphezulu ohlwini lwezinto ezibeka ingozi ngenxa yesifo esiyingozi nesingapheli. Ungase ulungele noma yisiphi isimo se-sinusitis uma unezinhlaka ezingavamile ezivimbela umsele wesinasi.
Izinkinga nge-immune function yiyona nto enkulu kunazo zonke kubantu abafake isandulela ngculazi nesifo se-fungal sinusitis, kodwa futhi bakwandisa ingozi yezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zokutheleleka kwegciwane negciwane. Ama-immunodefacial angabanjwa ngenxa yenkinga yezofuzo (njenge- cystic fibrosis ), ukutheleleka (njenge-HIV / AIDS), noma izifo ezithinta amazinga e-antibody (njengama- myeloma amaningi ). Isifo sikashukela singabuye sibe yingozi engozini yokutheleleka kwe-fungal sinus.
Ezinye izifo ezingakwandisa ithuba lomuntu ukuthuthukisa ukutheleleka kwe-sinus zihlanganisa isifo se-reflux ye-gastroesophageal (GERD) kanye ne -rhinitis engeyona i-allergenic .
Ukuxilongwa
Ukutheleleka kwe-sinus kutholakala kusekelwe ezimpawu zakho nokuhlolwa kwangokwenyama ngumhlinzeki wakho wezempilo. Azikho ezinye izivivinyo ezivame ukudingwa ukuze kutholakale ukutheleleka okunamandla noma okungahambi kahle kwesifo. Uma kutholakala ukuthi izifo zomzimba ziyatholakala, ungathunyelwa ekuhlolweni kokunciphisa umzimba. Uma une-sinusitis ephindaphindiwe noma engapheli, udokotela wakho angalawula i-X-ray noma i-CT imaging ukuze abheke imbangela eyimbangela. Ukuhlolwa okuncane okuyi-microscopic kanye namasiko we-aspirate ezivela ezingosini kungasiza ekuxilongeni ukutheleleka kwama-fungal noma okumelene ne-bacterial.
Ezimweni ezinzima ze-sinusitis, ikakhulukazi lezo ezingaphenduli ngendlela yokwelapha evamile, ungathunyelwa kumchwepheshe we-ear-nose-throat (ENT) noma i- otolaryngologist .
Ukwelapha
Ukutheleleka kwesifo se-viral acute / subacute kuzozixazulula uqobo ezinsukwini ezingu-10 noma ngaphansi. Wena noma ingane yakho kuzodinga kuphela ukwelashwa kwezimpawu ukunikeza induduzo nokukhululeka. I-saline nasal spray noma, kubantu abadala, ukunisela okune-saline yangasese , ingasiza ukususa i-mucus kusuka emaqenjini angasese kanye nezono. Lezi zindlela zingaba usizo kubantu abadala abane-sinusitis ephindaphindiwe noma engapheliyo.
Ukwelashwa okuyisisekelo kwezifo ze-bacteria sinus yinkambo yosuku lwezinsuku ezingu-10 kuya kwezingu-14 (ngokuvamile i-amoxicillin, i-amoxicillin-clavulanate, noma i-doxycycline).
Ukuphathwa kokwelapha kwesifo se-sinus kuvame ukufaka ukufiphaza kwe-steroid yama-nasal. Ezimweni zokuvuvukala okukhulu, ukusetshenziswa kwe-steroid yomlomo njenge-prednisone kwezinsuku ezintathu ukuya kwezingu-10 kuvame ukuphakanyiswa. Eminye imithi ewusizo ihlanganisa ama-decongestants angama-topical or oral. Ama-antibiotic angahle noma angeke anqunywe kuye ngokuthi ngabe ukutheleleka kwe-bacterial kukhona. Uma kunjalo, ukwelashwa kungase kuqhubeke amasonto amane kuya ayisithupha.
Abanye abantu badinga ukuhlinzekwa ukubhekana nokutheleleka okukhulu kwesono, ikakhulukazi okuyinkimbinkimbi ngezinkinga zesakhiwo noma izintambo zomzimba . Ukuhlinzwa okungapheliko kungase kudingeke futhi kusetshenziswe izifo zesifo se-fungal.
Izwi elivela
Ngenkathi ukutheleleka kwesinasi kungase kubonakale njengento encane kwabanye, kungase kube nzima kakhulu ngenkathi unayo, ngokuvamile kukuphazamisa cishe kuzo zonke izinto kodwa ukungathandeki kubangela. Khumbula ukuthi ukuphumula sekujwayelekile izinsuku. Ngesikhathi ulinda, ukuthatha izinhlungu zokuphumula, ukuphuza okuningi, ukuphumula okuningi, ukusebenzisa i-humidifier, nokusebenzisa i-compress efudumele ebusweni bakho kungasiza. Futhi uma izimpawu zakho ziqhubeka izinsuku ezingaphezu kwezingu-10, qiniseka ukuthi ukhuluma nodokotela wakho futhi.
> Imithombo:
> Chow AW, Benninger MS, Brook I, et al. I-IDSA Isiqondiso Sokuziphatha Ngokwemitholampilo ye-Acterial Rhinosinusitis Eyabantwana Nezingane Ezinkulu. I-Dis Infect Dis . 2012; 54 (8): e72-e112.
> Hamilos DL. I-Rhinosinusitis engapheli (Ngaphandle Kwezinto Eziyisisekelo). Kusesikhathini. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/chronic-rhinosinusitis-beyond-the-basics.
> Radojicic C. Sinusitis. I-Cleveland Clinic Center yokuqhubeka nemfundo. http://www.clevelandclinicmeded.com/medicalpubs/diseasemanagement/allergy/rhino-sinusitis/.
> Ukwelapha i-Chronic Sinusitis. I-Health Informed Online: Isikhungo Sobuningi Nokusebenza Kwezempilo. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0072668/.
> Wald ER, Applegate KE, Bordley C, et al. Umhlahlandlela Wokusebenza Ngokwemitholampilo Wokuthola Ukuphathwa Nokuphathwa Kwe-Acute Bacterial Sinusitis Ezinganeni Ezikhulile 1 kuya ku-18. Izingane zokwelapha . 2013; 132 (1): e262-80.