Imithi Yokuxhaswa Ngokushesha Yokwenza Ukuthuthukiswa Kwezimpawu Zomqondo Obuhlungu Obunzima
Ngesikhathi ama- bronchodilators abambalwa (ama-SABAs) afana ne-Albuterol yiyona imithi yokwelashwa eyinhloko esetshenziselwa ukukhululeka kwesibindi esifubeni, ukukhwehlela, ukuphefumula, nokuphefumula okuhambisana ne-asthma, udokotela wakho angase anikeze enye imithi oyisebenzise njengengxenye yokunakekelwa kwe-asthma uhlele noma ehhovisi noma ehhovisi eliphuthumayo.
Sizokuxoxa:
- Ama-SABA (isib. Albuterol)
- I-Anticholinergics (isib. I-Atrovent)
- I-Steroids (isib. Prednisone)
SABAs
Ama-SABA ahlinzeka ukukhululeka kwe-bronchoconstriction, noma ukuqinisa imisipha emaphashini, ngokuphumula imisipha ebushelelezi. Kungakapheli imizuzu yokusebenzisa imisipha ebushelelezi, ukuhlushwa kwemimoya ekukhuleni kwe-airways, ukuvinjelwa kwe-air flowing, futhi ukuphefumula kuba lula njengoba umoya ohamba phambili uhamba ngendlela yakho yokuphefumula.
Ukusetshenziswa njalo kwama-SABA esikhathini esifushane kuyindlela ephumelelayo yokunciphisa izimpawu ze-asthma nokuthuthukisa ukuphefumula, kepha ngenkathi ehlinzeka ukukhululeka, ukusetshenziswa kwe-SABA okuvamile kuyisibonakaliso sokulawulwa kwesimo se-asthma . Uma udinga ukusebenzisa i-SABA ngaphezu kokuphindwe kabili ngeviki noma uhamba nge-SABA eyodwa ye-inhaler engaphansi kwenyanga, i-asthma yakho ilawulwa kabi. Udinga ukubona udokotela wakho futhi uxoxe ngezenzo ezinjengokuqala noma ukwandisa umthamo we- steroid engatholakali .
Ama-SABA aphumelela kakhulu uma ehoxiswa nge-inhaler ye-metered ngokusebenzisa i-spacer noma ethunyelwe nge-nebulizer ukuze imithi ingenze ngokuqondile emaphashini.
Ezinganeni ezincane kakhulu, abanye abahlinzeki bezempilo basasebenzisa ama-SABA omlomo, kodwa imiphumela emibi yabe ivame kakhulu futhi amafomu omlomo wemithi ayiphumeli njenge-inhaler ene-spacer. Ngokuvamile, ama-SABA angenayo ayenziwe ngoba izimpawu zithuthukisa ngokushesha futhi imiphumela emibi ayifani kakhulu.
Imiphumela emibi ye-SABA ihlanganisa:
- Amazinga wenhliziyo esheshayo
- Ukuphumula
- Izinwele
- Ukuthuthumela kwemisipha
- I-potassium ephansi
- Ukuphazamiseka kokulala
Anticholinergics
Imithi e-Anticholinergic inikeza ukuphumula kwemisipha ebushelelezi kanye nokukhululeka kokuvinjelwa ngokusebenza kuma-receptors ahlukene emaphashini. Ngenxa yokuthi izidakamizwa ze-anticholinergic zisebenza kuma-receptor ahlukene kunama-bronchodilators, odokotela abaningi bazohlanganisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-anticholinergics nama-bronchodilators ukuze kutholakale ukuvinjelwa okukhulu kwe-airway yokuvimbela ukuhlasela kwesifo se-asthma. I-Anticholinergics ingahlanganiswa kanye ne-bronchodilators ku-nebulizer noma ihanjiswe njenge-inhalers ehlukile nge-spacer. Kukhona futhi ama-inhaler amaningi ahlanganisa anticholinergics nama-bronchodilator angasetshenziswa kubantu abadala.
Ngesikhathi ama-beta-agonists enza amaminithi futhi enomphumela wokwelapha ophumelelayo wamaminithi ambalwa kuphela, i-anticholinergics ithatha isikhathi eside ukukhiqiza umphumela futhi umphumela uhlala isikhathi eside. Kungathatha imizuzu engama-30 ukuthi u-80% womphumela we-bronchodilatory ukhiqizwe ekuphuzeni futhi imiphumela ingapheli amahora angu-6. Ngakho-ke, i-anticholinergics ayifanelekile ukwelashwa okunamandla kwezimpawu ze-asthma yedwa.
Ngokuvamile i-anticholinergics enganyanyiswayo ibekezelelwe kahle ngemiphumela embalwa emibi efana ne-beta-agonists.
Eminye yemiphumela emibi ebikiwe ihlanganisa:
- Izinwele
- Umlomo omile
- Ukuthuthumela
- Isikhukhula
- Iphunga le-Stuffy nobuhlungu besin
- I-nausea nesisu esithukuthele
- Izimpawu ezifana ne-flu
- Umbono ophundlekile
- Isizungu
I-Steroids
Ngemuva kwehora lokuphulukiswa, izinga lokuthuthukiswa kokuvinjelwa komoya lokunciphisa kakhulu. Ukuthatha i-steroid yesistimu ngomlomo noma nge-intravenous (iv) umugqa kungasheshe ukusheshisa ngcono ngokunciphisa ukuvuvukala emaphashini. Imikhombandlela yamanje ikhuthaza i-steroids kunoma isiphi isiguli nge-PEFR engaphansi kuka-70% okubikezelwe.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwesimiso ngemuva kokuphathwa kwe-steroid ngokuvamile kuthatha okungenani amahora angu-6.
Ngokuvamile, udokotela wakho uzokubuza ukuthi ngabe usudinga yini i-steroids ngaphambili noma uma uqala ukugula ngokwanele ekubonisweni bazophambukela eceleni kokunikeza i-steroids. Udokotela wakho uzophinde acele iqembu lemibuzo futhi enze izivivinyo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi awunayo igciwane lesandulela ngculaza. Umphumela wokunikeza i-systemic steroids kumuntu onesifo sokutheleleka kwebhaktheriya esebenzayo kufana nalokho okwenzekayo lapho uthulula umlilo wokuqala umlilo futhi uholele ekubhebhethekeni kakhulu.
Imiphumela emibi ehlotshaniswa nokusetshenziswa kwesikhathi esifushane steroid ihlanganisa:
- Ukwandisa ukudla
- Ukuzithoba
- Ukwesaba noma ukuphumula
- Ukuzivocavoca noma ubukhulu obunzima
- Ukuqhuma ubuso noma izihlathi
- AmaHiccups
- Ukujuluka okukhulu
- Amazinga we-glucose aphakeme
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi uma udinga amanani amaningi we-steroids uye wandisa ingozi yokuba nomfutho wegazi ophezulu, u-cataract emehlweni, ukuphathwa kweshukela egazini, kanye nezinkinga zethambo ezifana nokuqeda i-osteoporosis.
Umhlinzeki wakho wokunakekelwa kwezempilo unemithi eminingi elula yokusiza okusheshayo ukusiza ukuphatha i-asthma yakho. Cishe uzosebenzisa i-SABA njengengxenye yesicwangciso sakho sokunakekela i-asthma, kodwa ukusebenzisa ngokweqile kuyisibonakaliso sokulawula okungalungile. Umhlinzeki wakho wokunakekelwa kwezempilo angasebenzisa futhi ama-steroids kanye nama-anticholinergics ezimweni ezithile uma i-asthma yakho isiphelile. Ukuqonda indima ngayinye yale mithi kanye nemiphumela emibi yabo engakusiza kuyokusiza ukuba ulawule kangcono ukulawula i-asthma yakho.
Imithombo:
> FamilyDoctor.org. I-Asthma Treatment.
> Inhliziyo kaZwelonke, iLung, ne-Blood Institute. Umbiko wePhaneli Wabachwepheshe 3 (EPR3): Izinkombandlela Zokuthola Ukuhlolwa Nokuphathwa Kwe-Asthma
> Isifo somoya. In Medicine Medicine: Izidingo ZePulmonary And Medicinal Care Medicine . Abahleli: URonald B. George, uRichard W. Light, uRichard A. Matthay, uMichael A. Matthay. May 2005, edition 5.