Abantu abayishumi esibhedlela futhi umuntu oyedwa ufa ngemuva kokudla isanisi sawosi
Ngo-Meyi 22, 2017, uMnyango wezeMpilo waseCalifornia uthi abantu abangu-10 bagula kakhulu ngemuva kokudla isanisi eshicikile esithengiswa esiteshini segesi ngaphandle kweSacramento, eCalifornia. Indoda eyodwa ishonile.
Ngo-Ephreli 2015, abantu abangu-29 bagula kakhulu ngemuva kokudla isaladi yamazambane esontweni.
Zenzani lezi zenzakalo ezimbili? Zazibili ukuqubuka kwe-botulism yokudla.
I-botulism yokudla iyabangelwa i-toxin yomuthi eyenziwa yi-bacterium Clostridium botulinum . Lesi sifo esingavamile singabangela ukukhubazeka kokuphefumula kokuphefumula.
I-Botulism Yokudla Okuchazwayo
Ngokuqinisekile, i- botulism yokudla ayiyona isifo kodwa isifo sokudakwa. I-toxin yangaphambili eyenziwe yi- Clostridium botulinum ifakwe emanzini futhi ijikeleza ngegazi emibuthanweni yemisipha lapho ibopha khona, ngaleyo ndlela ibangela ukukhubazeka.
Umonakalo othize obangelwa yi-toxin uncike ekutheni izinzwa zithinteka kanjani. Isibonelo, lapho i-toxin ibophezela kumisipha ohlelweni lwezinzwa ezizimele, izinkinga ze-heart kanye nokungazinzi kwengcindezi yegazi.
Ukulimala kwe-synapses yama-nerve okubangelwa ubuthi be-botulinum unomphela, futhi ukubuyisela kudinga ukuphindwa kabusha kwe-synapses.
Imithombo evamile ye-botulism yokudla ihlanganisa ukudla okuzenzela okuye kwagcinwa ngendlela engafanele, ekheniwe, noma kwavutha. Okungavamile kakhulu, ukudla okuthengwa ngesitolo noma ukuthengiswa okuthengiswa ezitolo zokuthengisa kungaba umthombo we-botulism, njenge-garlic eqoshiwe emafutheni, i-pepper, utamatisi, isoso sawoti ekheniwe, i-carrot juice, namazambane abhakiwe ahlanganiswe ngesikhumba.
Izimpawu Zokudla Kwe-Botulism Yokudla
I-botulism yokudla iqala phakathi kwamahora angu-12 no-36 ngemva kokusetshenziswa kokudla okungcolile.
Okokuqala, i-botulism yokudla iholela ekusikeni isisulu, umlomo owomile futhi, ngezinye izikhathi, isifo sohudo . Izimpawu zamuva zihlanganisa abafundi abahlanjululwe, umbono obonakalayo, ne-nystagmus, noma ukunyakaza kwamehlo okusheshayo nokungalawuleki.
Ekugcineni, ukukhubazeka okuthinta izinhlangothi zombili zomzimba kusakazeka ebusweni, emanzini, nasezintweni zokuphefumula kuya esiqwini nasemaphethelweni.
Ukuphelela ukukhubazeka kwamapayipi-okuholela ekuhlulekeni kwamaphaphu-kuyinto engaba yinto engenzeka kakhulu kulabo abathintekayo nge-botulism yokudla kanye nemiphumela yokufa kweziguli eziyi-10 ukuya kwezingu-20.
Ngeshwa, ayikho ikhambi ye-botulism. Ukwelashwa kuqondiswa izimpawu futhi kusekela. I-ventilation ye-mechanical (ie, umshini wokuphefumula ku-ICU) iyisihluthulelo sokwelashwa okuphumelelayo, futhi kunciphisa izinga lokufa libe ngaphansi kwamaphesenti ayishumi. Ngaphezu kwalokho kubantu abadala, ukulingana okukhulu kwehhashi i- Clostridium botulinum antitoxin kukholakala ukuthi kuyasiza ekunciphiseni i-toxin ejikelezayo.
Ukuvimbela I-Botulism Yokudla
Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuphatha i-botulism yokudla iwukuba ugweme ukutholakala kuyo kuqala.
I-Clostridium botulinum spores itholakala enhlabathini ezindaweni eziningi zomhlaba, kufaka phakathi i-United States. Ukudla okungcolile nge-toxin akubonisi ushintsho kumnandi, umbala noma iphunga. Imifino inhle kakhulu ekubambeni nasekusekeleni ukukhula kweClostridium botulinum.
Uma ungakwazi ukudla kwakho siqu, kubalulekile ukuthi usebenzise ukudla okucindezelayo kokudla okuphansi kwe-asidi futhi ulandele zonke izikhathi ezicacisiwe zokucubungula ukuze usebenzise amakhaya aphephile ekhaya.
Ukudla okuphansi kwe-asidi kufaka imifino, amakhiwane, amanye utamatisi, inyama, inhlanzi nezilwane zasolwandle. Ungasebenzisi i-canner yamanzi abilayo esikhundleni se-canner yokucindezela lapho u-home-canning, ngoba amanzi amanzi abilayo awaqedi izinhlamvu.
Ukuze uthole imiyalelo ephelele ekukhoneni ekhaya okuphephile, hlola i-USDA Complete Guide ku-Canning yasekhaya.
Lapho ukudla ukudla okusemakhakheni okuphansi okwenziwe nge-asidi, gcoba ukudla epanini kuqala-ngisho noma ungaboni lutho lwezinhlamvu. Ezingweni ezingaphansi kuka-1000 izinyawo, ubilise okungenani imizuzu engu-10. Ngolunye uhlangothi olwengeziwe olungamamitha angu-1000 okuphakama, engeza iminithi yokubilisa isikhathi. Ngokwesibonelo, ekuphakameni kwezinyawo ezingu-3000, ubilise okungenani amaminithi angu-12.
Hlola njalo konke ukudla okusemathinini, kufaka phakathi izitolo ezithengiwe, ngezibonakaliso zokungcola. Masinyane ususe ukudla okusemathinini okuvuzayo, ukuvuvukala, ukukhukhumeza, ukulimaza, noma ukuphahlazeka. Uma uvula ukudla okusemathinini futhi okuqukethwe kudla iziphuzo noma u-foam, ngokushesha uphonsa. Okokugcina, uphonsa noma yikuphi isitsha esenziwe ekheniwe okuqukethwe okuyi-moldy, discolored, noma smelly. Awusoze waphepheka kakhulu ngokudla okusemathinini.
Uma ulahla imithombo yokungcoliswa okungenzeka, gqoka amagilavu ukuze ugweme ukuthintana kwesikhumba, ugibele kabili amathini noma iziqukathi, uvikele ngokuqinile izikhwama nge-tape, ugweme ukusakaza, futhi usebenzise i-bleach ukuhlanza noma yikuphi ukulahla okwenzekayo.
Izwi elivela
Nakuba ukuqubuka kwe-botulism okudlayo kungavamile, kwenzeka. Qaphela imithombo yokudla okungenzeka ingcolile, ikakhulukazi ukudla okusemathinini, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ithengwe ekhaya noma emasitolo. Ukulahla ngokucophelela ukudla okusemathinini okubonakala okonakele.
> Imithombo:
> Botulism. I-County of Los Angeles Impilo Yomphakathi. http://publichealth.lacounty.gov.
> Ukuhlolwa kwe-CDPH Kuqinisekisa ukuthi i-Botulism ixhunywe ku-Nacho Sauce ye-Cheese Edayiswa eSitokisini Sokushisa Sase-Sacramento County. UMnyango wezeMpilo waseCalifornia. https://www.cdph.ca.gov.
> Clostridium, Peptostreptococcus, Bacteroides, nezinye i-Anaerobes. Ku: Ryan KJ, Ray C. eds. I-Sherris Medical Microbiology, 6e eNew York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2014.
> Ukudla Kwekhaya-Okusemathinini. Zivikele Ku-Botulism. www.cdc.gov.
> McCarty, CL, et al. Amanothi avela ensimini: Ukuqhekeka okukhulu kwe-Botulism Ehlanganiswe nesidlo seSonto se-Potluck - i-Ohio, 2015. Umbiko Weviki Wamaviki kanye Nokufa. 2015; 64 (29); 802-803.