Ukubuka konke okukodwa kwezinhlelo ezibaluleke kakhulu emzimbeni wakho
Uhlelo lwesimiso luyingxenye yezingxenye ezingavamile kakhulu zomzimba womuntu. Isistimu yakho yezinzwa ithatha yonke imininingwane emhlabeni ozungezile futhi ithumela umlayezo kumisipha yakho, ikuvumela ukuthi wenze indlela yakho emhlabeni. Isistimu yakho ye-neon autonomic ibuye ilawule yonke imisebenzi yakho ebalulekile, iningi lazo ongaqapheli kahle.
Ngamafuphi, kukugcina uphila.
Nakuba kungase kube nomuzwa wokuthi ukuxoshwa okuyingxenye ebalulekile yomzimba wakho kungabonakali ngokuklama, kungenzeka ukuthi into enhle ukuthi isimiso sakho sezinzwa esizimele siphume ekulawuleni kwakho okuqaphelayo. Uma uwela lapho ufunda ukuhamba, ungase uzilimaze okwesikhashana, kodwa ufunda ngokuzikhethela futhi uphinde uqale. Ungacabanga uma kufanele ufunde ukusheshisa inhliziyo yakho noma nini lapho udinga? Noma uma uyeka ukuphefumula njalo ulale?
Njengezinto eziningi ezithathwa kalula, ukubaluleka kwesistimu yezinzwa ze-autonomic ngokuzumayo kubonakala uma kukhona okungalungile. Ngenkathi izifo ezimbalwa zihlasela isimiso sezinzwa ezizimele, cishe zonke izifo zezokwelapha zithinta kakhulu ukuzimela. Ukuze uqonde ngokugcwele izifo nempilo, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi uhlelo lwezinzwa ezizimele lusebenza kanjani.
I-Autonomic System ye-Nervous Anatomy
Isistimu yakho ye-neon autonomic iseduze kakhulu ngaphandle kwesistimu yezinzwa eziphakathi futhi ihilela izingxenye ezimbili eziyinhloko: ingxenye ye-craniosacral (i-parasympathetic), kanye nengxenye ye-thoracolumbar (uzwela).
Lezi zikhathi ezithile zicatshangwa ukuthi zibhekene nomunye nomunye, ekugcineni zishaya ibhalansi emzimbeni. I-parasympathetic ihlotshaniswa nokuphumula, ukugaya, futhi ngokujwayelekile kuthatha kalula. Uzwela unomthwalo wemfanelo yokuphendula "ukulwa noma indiza".
Enye yezinto ezithakazelisayo mayelana nesimiso sezinzwa ezizimelayo yilokho, cishe ngaphandle kwalokho, i-nerf syapse inhlanganisela yezinzwa ezibizwa ngokuthi i-ganglion ngaphambi kokuba umyalezo uthunyelwe esithombeni esilitshe, njengengqungquthela ye-salivary.
Lokhu kuvumela elinye izinga lokuxhumana nokulawula.
I-Parasympathetic
Izinzwa eziningi zesimiso sezinzwa ezizimele ze-parasympathetic ziqala ku-nuclei e-brainstem yakho. Ukusuka lapho, bahamba ngezinzwa ezinjenge-vagus nerve, ezinciphisa izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo, noma i-oculomotor nererve, ebeka umfundi. Ama-parasympathetic yilokho okubangela ukuba amehlo akho aphule futhi umlomo wakho uphelele. Enye i-parasympathetic inqamule ezindongeni zezitho ze-thoracic nesisu esisodwa njenge-esophagus, ipheshana lesisu, i-pharynx, inhliziyo, i-pancreas, i-gallbladder, i-kidney, ne-ureter. I-sacral i-parasympathetic i-synapse e-ganglia ezindongeni ze-colon, isambiso, nezinye izitho zomzimba.
Uzwela
Izindwangu ezizwelayo zesimiso sezinzwa ezizimele ziphuma engxenyeni engxenyeni yesiginci sakho somgogodla lapho zithola ulwazi kusuka ezingxenyeni zobuchopho ezifana ne-brainstem kanye ne- hypothalamus . Ama-fibers agijima avela ku-synapses e-ganglia ngaphandle kwekholomu yomgogodla kuya emigomeni yawo, ngokuvamile ngezimpahla zegazi. Isibonelo, izinzwa ezizwelayo ezithinta amehlo akho ekuphenduleni ubumnyama noma usongo ophuma emthonjeni wakho kanye ne-synapse kwi-ganglion ebizwa ngokuthi i-ganglion ezwela kakhulu, bese egijima emgqeni we-carotid ebusweni nasweni lakho.
Lezi zinzwa ezitholakala ezingxenyeni ze-visceral zangasese nesisu, kanye nezinwele zezinwele, izigulane ezijulayo nokuningi.
I-Autonomic Neurotransmitters
Izinhlelo zezinzwa ezikhulunywe yizithunywa zamakhemikhali ezibizwa nge-neurotransmitters. Ama-neurotransmitter afana ne-acetylcholine ne-norepinephrin ngokuyinhloko anesibopho sokuxhumana kwisistimu yakho ye-neon autonomic. Kuzo zombili izingxenye ze-parasympathetic and sympathetic system of autonomic, i-acetylcholine ikhishwa ezingeni le-ganglia. I-acetylcholine receptors e-ganglia yi-nicotinic futhi ingavinjelwa izidakamizwa ezinjenge-curare. Nokho, ama-neurotransmitter ahluke uma amaseli wezinzwa efinyelela ezihlosweni zawo.
Esikhathini sesimiso sezinzwa ze-parasympathetic, ama-receptor e-postganglionic ezithombeni ezinjengezindlela zomzimba ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-muscarinic futhi angenwa izidakamizwa ezifana ne-atropine.
Ngokuphambene nalokho, i-neurons ye-post-ganglionic ezwelayo ikhulula kuphela i-norepinephrine, ngaphandle kwama-glands e-sweat kanye nemisipha evulekile emithanjeni yegazi, lapho i-acetylcholine isasetshenziswa khona. I-norepinephrine ekhishwe yi-neurons ye-post-ganglionic ihlasela iqembu le-receptors elibizwa ngokuthi i-adrenergic umndeni we-receptors. Kunezigaba ezimbili eziyinhloko ze-adrenergic receptors, i-alpha, ne-beta, ngayinye yayo inezigaba ezingezansi ezakhiweni zayo eziyingqayizivele futhi ingasetshenziswa ngezinhlobo ezahlukene zemithi.
I-Blood Pressure Control
Ukucindezeleka kwegazi kuyisibonelo esihle sokuthi izingxenye ezizwelana nozwela kanye nezinselelo zesimiso sezinzwa zisebenza ndawonye emzimbeni. Ngokuvamile, kunezinto ezimbili eziyinhloko ezibangela ukucindezeleka kwegazi: Ijubane namandla okushaya kwenhliziyo yakho, nokunciphisa kwemithambo yegazi emzimbeni wakho. Uma isistimu yomzwelo ezwelayo ilawula, inhliziyo yakho iqhuma kanzima futhi masinyane, imithwalo yegazi ye-peripheral imincane futhi iqinile, futhi ukucindezelwa kwegazi kuyoba phezulu. Ngokuphambene nalokho, isimiso se-parasympathetic sinciphisa inhliziyo futhi sivula imithwalo yegazi yomzila, okwenza ukucindezeleka kwegazi kuwele.
Cabanga ukuthi ume ngokuzumayo ngemva kokuhlala isikhathi eside. I-receptors emibili ibona ukucindezelwa ezindongeni zamagesi e-carotid sinus ne-aortic arch futhi ithumela imilayezo ebuchosheni, okuphendula ngokufanele ngokukhuphula umfutho wegazi.
Kwezinye izimo, ungase udinga ukucindezeleka kwegazi ukuvuka ngenxa yokuthi, usho, wesaba ngethere elifuthekayo. Ngaphambi kokuthi uqale ukugijima, ubuchopho bakho bubukele ibhere futhi buthumela imiyalezo ku-hypothalamus yakho ukulungisa umzimba wakho ukuba usungulwe. Uzwela luvulwa, inhliziyo iqala ukukhukhumeza, futhi ingcindezi yegazi iqala ukuphakama.
Nakuba kunezinye izinhlelo ezingakwazi ukulawula ukucindezeleka kwegazi, njenge-hormone, lezi zivame ukuhamba kancane futhi ziphuze, hhayi ngokushesha njengezolawulwa ngqo yi-system yakho yezinzwa ezizimele.
Indlela Yokulawula Isistimu Yakho Ye-Autonomic Yezinzwa
Kwabaningi bethu, isimiso sezinzwa esizimele sivame ukulawula ukulawula kwethu. Noma kunjalo, i-cortex yobuchopho bakho, evame ukuhambisana nomcabango owaziwayo, ingashintsha isimiso sakho sezinzwa ezizimele ngezinga elithile. E-cerebrum, i-insula, i-cortex yangaphakathi e-cingulate, i-substantia innominata, i-amygdala ne-ventromedial prefrontal cortex ixhumana ne-hypothalamus ukuze ithinte isimiso sakho sezinzwa ze-autonomic. Ku-brainstem, i-nucleus tractus solitarius iyisikhungo esikhulu somyalo wesistimu yezinzwa ezizimele, ukuthumela okuningi ngokufaka izinzwa ze-IX ne-X.
Ngenxa yokuthi i-cortex ixhunyaniswe nesistimu ye-neon autonomic, ungakwazi ukulawula isimiso sakho sezinzwa ezizimele ngokuzama umzamo, ikakhulukazi ngomkhuba othile. Abantu abaqeqeshwe kakhulu, njengabasebenzi be-yoga abahamba phambili, bangakwazi ukunciphisa ngenhliziyo izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo noma ngisho nokulawula ukushisa komzimba wabo ngemikhuba yokuzindla. Nokho, iningi lethu, sigxila ezintweni eziphumuzayo kunokuba zicindezeleke, noma nje ukuphefumula uma ubona uhlelo lwakho lomzwelo oluzwelayo lubangela ukushaywa okusheshayo noma umuzwa wokukhathazeka, kungenza uhlelo lwakho lwe-nervympathetic lubuyele emuva ukulawula.
Imithombo
- Adams kanye Nemigomo kaVictor ye-Neurology, 9th ed: The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2009.
- I-Blumenfeld H, i-Neuroanatomy ngokusebenzisa ama-Clinical Cases. I-Sunderland: Abakwa-Sinauer Associates Publishers 2002.