Lapho izimpembelelo ze-Nerve zidlulile kusuka ku-Neuron kuya kwi-Neuron
Esikhathini sesimiso se- central central , i-synapse iyinqwaba encane ekugcineni kwe-neuron evumela ukuthi isignali idlule kusukela ku-neuron eyodwa kuya kwesinye. Ama-synapses atholakala lapho amaseli we-nerve axhuma namanye amangqamuzana wesisindo. Ama-Synapses ayisihluthulelo somsebenzi wobuchopho, ikakhulukazi uma kuziwa ememori .
Yisiphi i-Synapses Do
Uma isibonakaliso sezinzwa sifinyelela ekupheleni kwe-neuron, asikwazi ukumane nje uqhubeke esitokisini esilandelayo.
Esikhundleni salokho, kufanele kuqalise ukukhululwa kwama-neurotransmitters okungase kube nomthelela ekuhambeni kwe-synapse kuya kwe-neuron elandelayo.
Uma isisindo somzimba sesibangele ukukhululwa kwama-neurotransmitters, lezi zithunywa zamakhemikhali ziyawela i-synaptic encane futhi zithathwe yi-receptors ebusweni besitokisi esilandelayo. Lawa ma-receptors enza njenge-lock, kuyilapho ama-neurotransmitters enza okuningi njengezihluthulelo. Ama-neurotransmitters angase ajabulele i-neuron ayifaka noma ayivimbele.
Cabanga ngesignali yesibindi njengamanje kagesi, ne-neurons njengezintambo. Ama-Synapses ayengaba amabhokisi okuthengisa noma amabhokisi wokuhlanganisa axhuma okwamanje kwisibani (noma enye isebenzi kagesi yokukhetha kwakho), uvumela isibani ukuthi sikhanyise.
Izingxenye ze-Synapse
Ama-Synapses anamalungu amathathu amakhulu:
- Ukuphela kuka-presynaptic okuqukethe ama-neurotransmitters
- I-synaptic cleft phakathi kwamaseli amabili anomzimba
- Ukuphela kwe-postsynaptic equkethe amasayithi we-receptor
Umfutho wegesi uhamba phansi kwe-neonon bese ubangela ukukhululwa kwezingubo ezincane ezinama-neurotransmitter. Lawa ma-vesicles azobe esebopha embundeni weseli le-presynaptic, akhulule ama-neurotransmitter ibe yi-synapse. Lezi zithunywa zamakhemikhali zidlulisa isikhwama se-synaptic futhi zixhuma nezinsizakalo ze-receptor esitokisini esilandelayo se-nervous, okwenza kube nomfutho kagesi owaziwa ngokuthi uyinhlangano yokusebenza.
Izinhlobo
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko ze-synapses:
I-Chemical Synapse: Eyokuqala yi-chemical syapse in umsebenzi wegesi ku-neonon presynaptic edala ukukhululwa kwezithunywa zamakhemikhali, i-neurotransmitters. Ama-neurotransmitters ahlukanisa phakathi kwe-synapse futhi abophe ezithombeni ezikhethekile zeseli le-postsynaptic. I-neurotransmitter yabe ikhipha noma ivimbela i-neuron postsynaptic. Ukuzijabulisa kuholela ekuqhumeni kokusebenza okungenzeka lapho ukuvimbela kuvimbela ukusakaza kwesignali.
Ama-Synapses kagesi : Kulolu hlobo, ama-neurons amabili axhunyiwe ngeziteshi ezikhethekile ezaziwa njengezikhala ze-gap. Ama-synapses kagesi avumela izimpawu zombane ukuhamba ngokushesha kusuka esitokisini se-presynaptic ukuya esitokisini se-postsynaptic, ngokushesha sisheshe ukudluliselwa kwamasignali. Igebe eliphakathi kwe-synapses kagesi liyingcosana kakhulu kunaleyo ye-chemical syapse (cishe ama-nanometer angu-3.5 uma kuqhathaniswa nama-nanometers angu-20). Iziteshi zamaprotheni ezikhethekile ezixhuma amangqamuzana amabili zenza kube khona okwamanje amanje avela kwi-neonon presynaptic ukugeleza ngokuqondile esitokisini se-postsynaptic.
Ukudluliswa kwe-synapses kagesi kubonisa ngokushesha kunama-synapses amakhemikhali. Ngenkathi isivinini sokudluliselwa kwe-syapses yamakhemikhali singathatha ama-millisecond amaningana, ukuhanjiswa kwe-synapses kagesi kufinyelela ngokushesha.
Lapho i-synapses yamakhemikhali ingaba injabulo noma inhibitory, i-synapses kagesi iyodwa kuphela.
Ngesikhathi ama-synapses kagesi anenzuzo yejubane, amandla esignali ayancipha njengoba ehamba esuka kwelinye iseli kuya kwesinye. Ngenxa yalokhu kulahlekelwa kwamandla wesignali, kudinga i-neonon enkulu kakhulu ye-presynaptic ukuba ithinte ama-neuron amancane kakhulu we-postsynaptic. Ama-synapses we-Chemical angase ahambe kancane, kodwa angathumela umlayezo ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa amandla esignali. I-neurons encane kakhulu ye-presynaptic nayo iyakwazi ukuthonya namaseli amakhulu kakhulu we-postsynaptic.
Umlando
Igama elithi synapse laqala ukuqala ngo-1897 yi-physiologist uMichael Foster "encwadini yakhe yokubhala ye-Physiology" futhi itholakala ku-Greek synapsis , okusho "ukuhlangana."
> Imithombo:
> Freberg LA. Ukuthola I-Neuroscience Yezenzo . I-Boston: Ukufunda kwe-Cengage. 2016.
> Freberg LA. Ukuthola i-Biological Psychology , Uhlelo lwesibili. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth, Cengage Learning. 2010