I-Ischemia yisimiso lapho kungenele ukugeleza kwegazi okwanele kwesinye sezitho zomzimba, okuvame ukubangelwa i- plaque ye-atherosclerotic emthini ohlinzeka lelo sigaba. Isitho esitholakala ku-ischemia sibhekwa njengesi- ischemic .
Ngenxa yokuthi isakhi se-ischemic ayitholi yonke i-oksijeni nezakhi zomzimba eziyidingayo, ischemia ngokuvamile ibangela ukuthi isakhi esithintekile singasebenzi kahle, futhi kaningi sikhiqize izimpawu.
Uma i-ischemia iba kakhulu ngokwanele noma iphikelela isikhathi eside, amaseli esithombeni esithintekile angase aqale ukufa. Ukufa kwazo zonke noma ingxenye ye-organic ischemic kubizwa ngokuthi i- infarction .
Izibonelo ezijwayelekile ze-ischemia zifaka okulandelayo:
I-Cardiac Ischemia
I-ischemia ye-cardiac ivame ukubangelwa ama-atherosclerotic plaques emithanjeni ye-coronary , i-arteries ehlinzeka isisu senhliziyo. Kodwa-ke, i-ischemia yenhliziyo ingase ibangele nezinye izimo ezifana ne- coronary artery spasm , i-X syndrome ye-cardia , noma i- anomalies yokuzalwa komzimba ye-coronary arteries .
I-angina "engokwemvelo" uphawu lwesifuba (noma umzimba ophezulu) olubangelwa yi-ischemia yezinhliziyo ezikhungethwe ukuzivocavoca noma ukucindezeleka. Izimpawu ngokuvamile zihambisana nokuphumula noma ukuphumula.
"I-angina," noma i- angina engazinzile , ngokuvamile ivela ngaphandle kokuzivocavoca noma ukucindezeleka futhi ngokuvamile iyingxenye ye- acon coronary syndrome - okuphuthumayo kwezokwelapha.
Ubuchopho be-Ischemia
Izicubu ze-Brain ziyasebenza kakhulu, futhi ukuze kusebenze kahle, ubuchopho buthola i-20% yegazi iphethwe yinhliziyo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokungafani nezinye izitho eziningi ubuchopho abanawo amandla okugcina amandla, futhi buxhomeke ngokuphelele ekuqhubeni kwegazi okuqhubekayo ukuze kwenziwe umsebenzi walo. Ngenxa yalokho, izicubu zobuchopho ziba ischemic uma ukugeleza kwegazi kuphazanyiswa, futhi ngaphandle kokuba ukugeleza kwegazi kuvuselelwe ngokushesha ubuchopho ukufa ngokushesha.
Ukushona kwezicubu zobuchopho kubizwa ngokuthi yisifo sohlangothi .
Ngezinye izikhathi igazi ligeleza engxenyeni yobuchopho liphazanyiswa isikhathi eside ngokwanele ukuveza izimpawu zobuchopho ischemia, kodwa hhayi isikhathi eside ngokwanele ukukhiqiza isifo sangempela. Lesi simo sibizwa ngokuthi "ukuhlaselwa kwe-Ischemic" (TIA) . I-TIA ingaphindaphinda noma iyiphi yezinhlobo eziningi zezibonakaliso zesifo - ngaphandle kokuthi izimpawu zixazulula kungakapheli amahora ambalwa. Ama-TIA abalulekile hhayi kuphela ngoba ayesabeka ngokwabo, kodwa futhi ngoba ngokuvamile avalwe ukushaywa okugcwele. Ngakho-ke, i-TIAs idinga usizo lwezempilo ngokushesha.
Isisu Isisu
Ischemia yezinambuzane (futhi ebizwa ngokuthi i-mesenteric ischemia) ivela ngesifo emithanjeni yegazi ehlinzeka izitho zamathumbu.
I-ischemia engamazinyo engapheli, evame ukukhiqizwa yi- arthritis ye-arthritis yamathumbu emathunjini emathumbu, ngokuvamile edala izimpawu eziphindaphindiwe ngemva kokudla, lapho amathumbu ezama ukwenza umsebenzi wokugaya ukudla lapho ebhekene nokunikezwa kwegazi okwanele. I-ischemia yamathumbu emathunjini emvuthwandaba ngokuvamile ibangela ubuhlungu besisu (okubhekwa njengama-angina emathumbu) ngemuva kwesidlo, ikakhulukazi ukudla okunamafutha. Ama-angina emathunjini amantombazane abuhlungu futhi abuhlungu kakhulu eduze komgodi wesisu, nakuba kungase kukhishwe ngemuva.
Ama-angina emathunjini ngokuvamile aphikelela cishe amahora amabili, kodwa abuya ngemva kokudla.
I-ischemia emathunjini enamandla angase ivele lapho i- embolism (i-clot yegazi) ihlala emithanjeni yamathumbu emathumbu. Lezi zivalo zegazi ngokuvamile zivela enhliziyweni, ngenxa ye-fibrillation ye-atrial. Uma i-embolism inzima ngokwanele, i-infarction yamathumbu (ukufa kwengxenye yamathumbu) ingaholela. I-infarction yamathumbu yisifo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha.
Limb Ischemia
I-Ischemia yemilenze ingenzeka nge- peripheral artery disease (i-PAD), uhlobo lwe-atherosclerosis oluchaphazela imishanguzo ehlinzeka izingalo noma imilenze (ikakhulukazi, imilenze).
I-syndrome evelele kakhulu ebonwe ngesigungu se-ischemia yi- claudication ephakathi , uhlobo lobuhlungu obuchotshozayo, ngokuvamile oluthinta umlenze owodwa, okwenzeka ngokuphindaphindiwe ngemuva kokuhamba okulinganisiwe kokuhamba. I-PAD ivame ukuphathwa nge- angioplasty futhi iphoyisa , nakuba ukuhlinzwa ngokuphambene nakho kuyadingeka.
Imithombo
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