Uma uthola ukuthi une-ulcerative colitis, uhlelo lwakho lwezokwelapha luzocabangela izimpawu zakho ezicacile nokuthi usele isikhathi eside kangakanani. I-over-the-counter (i-OTC) kanye nemithi yokwelashwa ingasetshenziswa; ukuguqulwa kokuphila kungase kunconywe, kanye nokwelapha okuhambisanayo kanye nezinye. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, izinqubo zokuhlinza ukususa izingxenye ezigulayo zekolon zinganikeza usizo futhi zinciphise ingozi yokuthuthukisa umdlavuza wekoloni.
Imigomo
Amakilasi amaningi ahlukene wemithi asetshenziselwa ukuphatha izimpawu zesifo sokulonda i-ulcerative colitis, yedwa noma inhlanganisela. Ezinye zingathathwa njalo, kanti ezinye izidakamizwa ezisebenza ngokusheshisa zinikezwa ngesikhathi esifushane ukuphatha ukuvuleka okusebenzayo. Abanye babo bangaba nemiphumela emibi kakhulu, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuxhumana nodokotela wakho ukuze uhlole izingozi nezinzuzo.
Anti-inflammatories
Izidakamizwa eziphikisayo zivame ukuqala ukwelashwa kwe-ulcerative colitis. Zihlanganisa:
- 5-aminosalicylates. Kuye ngokuthi iyiphi ingxenye yekholoni yakho ethintekile, ungathatha lo mlomo, noma njenge-enema noma i-suppository. Ezinye izibonelo zihlanganisa i-sulfasalazine (i-Azulfidine), i-mesalamine (i-Asacol HD, i-Delzicol, enye), i-balsalazide (i-Colazal), ne-olsalazine (i-Dipentum).
- Corticosteroids. I-Prednisone ne-hydrocortisone bawela kulolu hlobo; zivame ukugcinwa ngokulinganayo ukuze zibe nezilonda ezincelisayo zesifo sofuba esingaphenduki kwezinye izifo, ngenxa yemiphumela emibi emibi.
Amasosha omzimba omzimba
Le mithi ilawula ukuvuvukala ngokucindezela ukuphendula kwesimiso somzimba. Zivame ukunikezwa ngokuhlanganiswa. Leli klasi lihlanganisa:
- I-Azathioprin (i-Azasan, i-Imuran) ne-mercaptopurine (i-Purinethol, i-Purixan). Lawa angama-immunosuppressants asetshenziselwa kakhulu ukwelashwa kwesifo sofuba esiswini. Ukuzithatha kudinga ukuba ulandele eduze nodokotela wakho futhi uhlolisise igazi lakho njalo ukuze ubheke imiphumela emibi, kufaka phakathi imiphumela ebindi nesibindi.
- I-Cyclosporine (i-Gengraf, i-Neoral, i-Sandimmune). Lesi sidakamizwa sivame ukugcinwa kubantu abangazange basabele kahle kwezinye imithi. I-Cyclosporine inekhono lemiphumela emibi kakhulu futhi akuyona ukusetshenziswa kwesikhathi eside.
- I-Infliximab (Remicade), i-adalimumab (Humira) ne-golimumab (Simponi). Lezi zidakamizwa, okuthiwa i-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors, noma i-biologics, isebenza ngokunciphisa amaprotheni akhiqizwa amasosha omzimba wakho. Bangabantu abanesifo sofuba esibangwa yi-ulcerative colitis abangaphenduli noma abakwazi ukubekezelela ezinye izifo.
- Vedolizumab (Entyvio). Le mithi isanda kuvunyelwa ukwelashwa kwe-ulcerative colitis kubantu abangaphenduli noma abakwazi ukubekezelela ezinye izifo. Isebenza ngokuvimbela amaseli avuthayo ukuba angene esakhiweni sokuvuvukala.
Ama-antibiotics
Ama-antibiotic angase abekwe uma kutholakala ukuthi ukutheleleka ekolonini, kodwa abantu abane-ulcerative colitis ngezinye izikhathi bayelulekwa ngokusetshenziswa kwama-antibiotics uma bengadingeki ngokucacile, ngoba bangabangela ukuhuda.
Abanye abacwaningi bacabanga ukuthi kungenzeka kube nokuxhumana phakathi kokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa nokuthuthukiswa kwesifo sofuba esiswini (IBD), uhlobo olulodwa lwe-ulcerative colitis. Le mbono ingakapheli, kanti izifundo ezimbalwa kanye nobufakazi bokuqala bokusekela.
Ukwelashwa kwe-Over-the-Counter (OTC)
Khuluma njalo nodokotela wakho ngaphambi kokuthenga imithi ye-OTC. Nazi ezinye ezisetshenziselwa ukwelapha i-ulcerative colitis:
- Imithi yokulwa nesifo sohudo. I-Loperamide (igama elilodwa lomkhiqizo i-Imodium), lingasiza ngehudo, kodwa sebenzisa ngokuqapha, ngoba lokhu kungandisa ingozi yekoloni ekhulisiwe (ebizwa ngokuthi i-megacolon enobuthi).
- Ukunciphisa ubuhlungu. Ukuze ubuhlungu obukhulu, udokotela wakho angancoma i-acetaminophen (iTylenol). Gwema ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin IB, abanye), i-naproxen sodium (Aleve), ne-diclofenac sodium (i-Voltaren), engaba yingozi kakhulu futhi yandisa ukwanda kwezifo.
- I-Enemas. I-enemas equkethe i-butyrate ingase iphumelele ekwelapheni i-ulcerative colitis ezingxenyeni zokugcina zekholoni (okuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-distal ulcerative colitis). Itholakala njenge-enema noma njenge-suppository.
- Izithako ze-Iron. Uma unesifo esingelapheki sokuphuma kwamathumbu emathunjini, ungase uhlakulele ukuntuleka kwe-anemia yensimbi; izinsimbi zensimbi zingasiza.
Ukuhlinzwa
Abantu abangamaphesenti angaba ngu-30 abanesifo sokulonda i-ulcerative colitis bayodinga ukuhlinzeka ukuze bathole usizo lwezimpawu, imiphumela emibi yezokwelapha, noma ukunciphisa ingozi yomdlavuza wekoloni. Ukuhlinzwa okuphuthumayo ngezinye izikhathi kuyadingeka uma kukhona i-perforation ngokuzumayo kolononi noma ukuphuma kwegazi okukhulu.
Ukuhlinzwa, okubizwa ngokuthi i-colectomy, kuhilela ukususwa kwamathumbu amakhulu (colon). Kunezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zokuhlinza i-colectomy, kanti lezi zibili zivame ukwelashwa kwesifo sofuba esiswini:
I-Proctocolectomy ne-pouch-lial anastomosis (IPAA)
Kule nqubo, amathumbu amakhulu kanye neningi le-rectum asuswe, futhi isitsha esincane (esibizwa ngokuthi i-J-pouch) sidalwe ngaphandle kwamathumbu amancane futhi sinamathele ku-rectum esele nje ngenhla kwe-anus. Ngenxa yokuthi imisipha ye-anus (i-anal sphincter) ayisusiwe, le nqubo ivumela abantu ukuba bahlale belawula amabilini abo.
Ingqikithi ye-proctocolectomy
Lokhu kuhlinzekwa kuhilela ukukhishwa ngokuphelele emathunjini amakhulu, i-rectum, ne-anus, futhi uphephe unomphela ukubola kwesilonda futhi kuqede ingozi yomdlavuza wekoloni. Nokho, ngoba i-rectum ne-anus isusiwe, kumele ube neleostomy engunaphakade. E-ileostomy, udokotela ohlinzayo uletha ukuphela kwengxenye esezansi kunazo zonke emathunjini amancane (ileum) ngaphandle kokuvula emdongeni wesisu (stoma). Abantu abane-ileostomy kumele njalo bagqoke isikhwama seplastiki (isikhwama se-ileostomy) phezu kokuvula ukuqoqa isitembu esiphumela.
Wena nodokotela wakho ohlinzayo uzoxoxa ngokuthi iyiphi inketho engcono kakhulu kuwe, ngokusekelwe izimpawu zakho ezithile kanye nesimo sezempilo jikelele, kanye nendlela yokuphila nokuthandayo.
Imithi ehambisanayo neyodwa
Nakuba ezinye zalezi zindlela zikholelwa ngokuqinile ukuthi ziyasebenza ekunciphiseni izimpawu, akekho oye wazuza ucwaningo olunzulu lomtholampilo. Nazi ezintathu eziqale ukuheha abacwaningi bezokwelapha:
Ama-probiotics
Ama-probiotics akholelwa ukuthi ayazuzisa ekulawuleni i-ulcerative colitis nezinye izifo ezingavamile zokugaya ukudla. Lawa ma-bacterium "anobungane" akwazi ukulawula amabhaktheriya amaningi ayingozi ngenkathi ekwehliseni ukuvuvukala futhi kuthuthukiswe ukugaya okwenziwe emanzini okuvikela. Zibhekwa ziphephile ngaphandle kwemiphumela emibi kakhulu.
I-aloe vera gel
I-aloe vera gel itholakale ekuhloleni ukuba nomphumela wokulwa nokuvuvukala kubantu abane-ulcerative colitis. Isivivinyo esisodwa esiphundu kabili, esihlolwe ngokungahleliwe sibheke ukusebenza kwegelomu lomlomo kubantu abangu-30 elibekwe kabili nsuku zonke, umthamo wamamitha ayi-100. Ngemuva kwamasonto amane, ukukhululwa komtholampilo kubonwe kubantu abayisishiyagalolunye (amaphesenti angu-30), ukuthuthukiswa komtholampilo kubonwe ku-11 (amaphesenti angu-37), kanti impendulo yomtholampilo yabonakala ku-14 (amaphesenti angu-47).
Boswellia
I-Boswellia iyimifino yokwelapha esuka emthini wezizwe zaseNdiya. Isithako esisebenzayo esitholakala ku-resin yamagxolo futhi kukholakala ukuthi sinemiphumela emihle yokulwa nokuvuvukala. Kulo liphuma, i-Boswellia isetshenziswa kakhulu ukuphatha izimo ezivuthayo njenge-arthritis ye-rheumatoid kodwa ngaphandle kokucasuka kwesisu ngokuvamile kubonakala ngokukhululeka ubuhlungu obuvamile.
Khumbula ukuthi izithako kanye nezinye izinhlobo zokwelashwa okungazange zihlolwe ngokucophelela ukuze kuvikeleke kwabesifazane abakhulelwe, omama abahlengikazi, izingane, noma abantu abanezimo zempilo. Ngenkathi kunezindlela zokuthatha izithako ngokuphepha, akufanele neze zisetshenziswe njengengxenye yokunakekelwa kwezempilo okujwayelekile. Njalo utshele umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo mayelana nanoma yimaphi ama-supplements, ama-herbs, noma ama-homeopathic.
Izindlela zokwelapha zasekhaya kanye nezindlela zokuphila
Izinguquko ekudleni nokuphila kwakho kungasiza ekulawuleni izimpawu zakho bese wandisa isikhathi phakathi kwama-flare-ups. Ungakwazi ukuthola ukukhululeka kokulonda kwe-ulcerative ngokuthatha ezinye zezindlela zokuphila ezilandelayo:
- Nciphisa imikhiqizo yobisi. Izinkinga ezifana nesifo sohudo, ubuhlungu besisu, negesi kungase kuthuthukiswe ngokunciphisa noma ekuqedeni imikhiqizo yobisi. Ungase ube ne-lactose engaxolisi - okungukuthi, umzimba wakho awukwazi ukugaya ushukela lobisi (lactose) ekudleni kobisi. Ukusebenzisa umkhiqizo we-enzyme njengeLacidid kungasiza futhi.
- Nciphisa i-fibre. Ukudla okuphezulu, njengezithelo ezintsha nemifino kanye nezinhlamvu ezigcwele, kungenza izimpawu zakho zibe nzima nakakhulu. Uma izithelo nemifino eluhlaza kuphazamisa, zama ukupheka. (Ukudla emndenini weklabishi, njenge-broccoli ne-cauliflower, kungase kubecasule ngokukhethekile.)
- Zama izinhlanzi ezinamafutha. Ama-fatty acids ama-Omega-3, amafutha enempilo atholakala ku-saumon kanye ne-mackeral, angagcina ukuvuvukala futhi alulame izimpawu zesifo sofuba.
- Gwema ukudla okuneziphuzo, utshwala, ne-caffeine. Lokhu kungenza izimpawu zakho zibe zibi nakakhulu.
- Yidla ukudla okuncane. Ukudla ezincane ezinhlanu noma eziyisithupha ngosuku kunokuba ezimbili noma ezintathu ezinkulu zingakusiza ukugaya kalula futhi ngempumelelo.
> Imithombo:
> Fedorak, R. "Ama-Probiotics ku-Management of Ulcerative Colitis." J Clin Gastroenterol. 2015 I-Nov-Dec; 49 Ukusekela 1 >: S50-5 >. > doi >: 10.1097 / MCG.0000000000000368.
> I-Mayo Clinic, i-Ulcerative Colitis.
> I-Merck Manual, I-Consumer Version. Ulcerative Colitis.
> Sutherland LR, Martin F, Greer S, et al. "I-5-Aminosalicylic Acid Enema ku-Treatment of Distal Ulcerative Colitis, i-Proctosigmoiditis, ne-Proctitis." I-Gastroenterology 1987; 92: 1894-1898. 5 Okthoba 2010. ini: 10.1016 / 0016-5085 (87) 90621-4